In your won words.

Explain the following and give the significance of its discovery

A) Nissl stain. (more than 200 words)

B) Golgi stain. (more than 200 words)

C) Weigert stain. (more than 200 words)

The Nissl stain is an imaging method that stains genetic material in preserved tissue. The Nissl
stain, one of the earliest methods of visualizing neurons, employs cresyl violet acetate or
toluidine blue to permanently stain genetic material, changing the color of DNA and RNA
molecules. The nucleus contains the DNA, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum contains the
RNA. The dye is particularly effective at identifying cytoarchitecture across brain structures
(Improved method for combination of immunocytochemistry and Nissl staining). Certain brain
regions, such as the cortex, are structured in a columnar fashion. The cortex's organization is
defined in terms of layers, one on top of the other. The cortex is divided into six layers, each
with its own cell composition. Layer 6 frequently contains the cell bodies of many pyramidal
cells, whereas layer 1 contains several neurites (axons and dendrites). Layer 6 will seem
substantially more dense in a Nissl stain than layer 1 because it contains the nuclei of many
cells.

The Golgi stain is significant in the history of neurology. Santiago Ramón y Cajal used this
technique for his seminal investigations of the cellular morphology of the nervous system in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Among his many accomplishments was the finding
that neurons are discrete, self-contained cells that connect via synapses. His work greatly aided
the acceptance of the neuron paradigm, which holds that neurons are the fundamental
structural and functional elements of the nervous system. Cajal also employed the Golgi stain to
expose neuronal morphology and to map neural networks in the retina, hippocampus,
cerebellum, and other brain regions.

To retain myelin lipids, the Weigert stain requires treating nerve tissue with potassium
dichromate. Hematoxylin is then used to stain the lipids, giving a valuable approach for viewing
fiber routes. Myelin sheath staining causes the routes to appear black.