A Mini Project Report on

RFID Attendance System using Google Sheets

Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted By

Mr. P.VARSHUTH YADAV 19911A04A4

Under the esteemed guidance of,

Mr. S RITESH , M.Tech

Assistant professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology

(An Autonomous Institution)
(Accredited by NAAC & NBA, Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH)

Aziz Nagar Gate, C.B. Post, Hyderabad-500 075

2022-2023
 Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institution)
(Accredited by NAAC & NBA, Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH)

Aziz Nagar Gate, C.B. Post, Hyderabad-500 075

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled RFID Attendance system using
Google Sheets is being submitted by Mr. P. VARSHUTH YADAV(19911A04A4)
of B.Tech IV- I semester of Electronics & Communication Engineering is a
record Bonafide work carried out by them. The results embodied in this report
have not been submitted to any other University for the award of any degree.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr. S Ritesh Dr. S. Thulasi Prasad
Assistant Professor Professor & HOD
Department Of ECE Department of ECE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 DECLARATION
This is to certify that the work reported in the present project entitled RFID
Attendance System using Google Sheets, is a record of work done by us in the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vidya Jyothi Institute
of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. The
reports are based on the project work done entirely by us and not copied from any
other source.

Project Associate:

Mr. P .VARSHUTH YADAV 19911A04A4

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project internal guide Mr. S
Ritesh who has guided and supported us through every stage in the project.
We are really grateful to our HoD Dr. S. Thulasi Prasad for his time to time,
much needed valuable guidance throughout our study.
We express our hearted gratitude to our principal Dr. A.Padmaja for giving
us spontaneous encourage for completing the project.
We thank Dr. E .Sai Baba Reddy, Director of Vidya Jyothi Institute of
Technology for encouraging us in the completion of our project.
It is our privilege to express our gratitude and indebtedness to our Secretary&
Correspondent of Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology Shri. P.Rajeshwar Reddy
for his moral support.
We express our heartful thanks to Staff of Electronics and Communication
Department, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology for helping us in carrying out
our project successfully.

Project Associate:

Mr. P.VARSHUTH YADAV 19911A04A4

 CONTENTS
Topic Page no
List of Figures i
List of Tables i
Abstract ii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to embedded systems 1
1.2 History and Future 2
1.3 Real Time Systems 3
1.4 Overview of Embedded Systems Architecture 6
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 9
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
3.1 NodeMCU (ESP8266) 10
3.2 RFID Reader (MFRC522) 11
3.3 5V Buzzer 13
3.4 RFId Tags 14
3.5 Arduino IDE 15

CHAPTER 4: BLOCK DIAGRAM

4.1 Block Diagram 18
4.2 Schematic Diagram 18
4.3 Working Mechanism 19

CHAPTER 6: RESULT 21
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 22
CHAPTER 8: FUTURE SCOPE 23
REFERENCES 24
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no Figure name Page no

Figure 1.1 Block diagram of Hardware Embedded System 7
Figure 3.1 NodeMCU(ESP8266) 11
Figure 3.2 RFID Reader RC522 12
Figure 3.3 5V Buzzer 14
Figure 3.4 RFID Tags 15
Figure 3.5 Arduino IDE Software 17
Figure 4.1 Block Diagram 18
Figure 4.2 Schematic Diagram 19
Figure 4.3 Working Mechanism 20
Figure 6.1 Project Execution 21
Figure 6.2 Results 21

LIST OF TABLES
Table no Table name Page no
Table 3.1 RC522 Pin Specifications 13
Table 4.1 Circuit Diagram Pin Configurations 19

i
 ABSTRACT
Nowadays many organisations like education institutions and corporate houses have
adopted biometric attendance systems where attendance is recorded by placing finger
on a fingerprint sensor. These records are saved on cloud server to be monitored from
anywhere by the authorities . Here we are building an RFID Attendance System which
stores attendance records in google sheets .

The Attendance system is designed to note down attendance by using an NodeMCU

and RFID reader. The objective of this project is to facilitate attendance along with in-
time of students to the college management . The RFID detectors can be placed inside
class . RFID chips are embedded in students I-cards ,so whenever a student scans
his/her I-card , the enter/exit information will be recorded in google sheets.

This system maintains quick ,accurate , redundancy free attendance report on a

monthly, weekly and daily basis with no manual efforts ,Thus eliminating the chance
of data tampering and errors caused due to conventional manual attendance systems

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Many of the organisations use a manual paper based attendance to note down the
attendance of students, which requires lot of time and efforts. This project is been
designed to record attendance and reduce manual efforts, thus it is more independent
and error free. To perform functions , A RFID reader is placed near the classroom board,
which detects the tag and record the details in google sheets in hours,minutes and
seconds. If an unidentified tag is scanned ,the buzzer doesn’t gives the beep sound.

1.1 Introduction of Embedded System:

An Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware and software, and

perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function.
A good example is the microwave oven. Almost every household has one, and tens of
millions of them are used every day, but very few people realize that a processor and
software are involved in the preparation of their lunch or dinner.

This is in direct contrast to the personal computer in the family room. It too is
comprised of computer hardware and software and mechanical components (disk
drives, for example). However, a personal computer is not designed to perform a
specific function rather; it is able to do many different things. Many people use the term
general-purpose computer to make this distinction clear. As shipped, a general-purpose
computer is a blank slate; the manufacturer does not know what the customer will do
wish it. One customer may use it for a network file server another may use it exclusively
for playing games, and a third may use it to write the next great American novel.

Frequently, an embedded system is a component within some larger system. For

example, modern cars and trucks contain many embedded systems. One embedded
system controls the anti-lock brakes, other monitors and controls the vehicle's
emissions, and a third displays information on the dashboard. In some cases, these
embedded systems are connected by some sort of a communication network, but that is
certainly not a requirement.

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At the possible risk of confusing you, it is important to point out that a

generalpurpose computer is itself made up of numerous embedded systems. For
example, my computer consists of a keyboard, mouse, video card, modem, hard drive,
floppy drive, and sound card-each of Which is an embedded system? Each of these
devices contains a processor and software and is designed to perform a specific
function. For example, the modem is designed to send and receive digital data over
analog telephone line. That's it and all of the other devices can be summarized in a
single sentence as well.

If an embedded system is designed well, the existence of the processor and software
could be completely unnoticed by the user of the device. Such is the case for a
microwave oven, VCR, or alarm clock. In some cases, it would even be possible to
build an equivalent device that does not contain the processor and software. This could
be done by replacing the combination with a custom integrated circuit that performs the
same functions in hardware. However, a lot of flexibility is lost when a design is hard-
cooled in this way. It is mush easier, and cheaper, to change a few lines of software
than to redesign a piece of custom hardware.

1.2 History and Future:

Given the definition of embedded systems earlier is this chapter; the first such
systems could not possibly have appeared before 1971. That was the year Intel
introduced the world's first microprocessor.This chip, the 4004, was designed for use
in a line of business calculators produced by the Japanese Company Busicom. In 1969,
Busicom asked Intel to design a set of custom integrated circuits-one for each of their
new calculator models. The 4004 was Intel's response rather than design custom
hardware for each calculator, Intel proposed a general-purpose circuit that could be
used throughout the entire line of calculators. Intel's idea was that the software would
give each calculator its unique set of features.

The microcontroller was an overnight success, and its use increased steadily over
the next decade. Early embedded applications included unmanned space probes,
computerized traffic lights, and aircraft flight control systems. In the 1980s, embedded
systems quietly rode the waves of the microcomputer age and brought microprocessors
into every part of our kitchens (bread machines, food processors, and microwave

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ovens), living rooms (televisions, stereos, and remote controls), and workplaces (fax
machines, pagers, laser printers, cash registers, and credit card readers).

It seems inevitable that the number of embedded systems will continue to increase
rapidly. Already there are promising new embedded devices that have enormous market
potential; light switches and thermostats that can be central computer, intelligent air-
bag systems that don't inflate when children or small adults are present, pal-sized
electronic organizers and personal digital assistants (PDAs), digital cameras, and
dashboard navigation systems. Clearly, individuals who possess the skills and desire to
design the next generation of embedded systems will be in demand for quite some time.

1.3 Real Time Systems :

One subclass of embedded is worthy of an introduction at this point. As commonly

defined, a real-time system is a computer system that has timing constraints. In other
words, a real-time system is partly specified in terms of its ability to make certain
calculations or decisions in a timely manner. These important calculations are said to
have deadlines for completion. And, for all practical purposes, a missed deadline is just
as bad as a wrong answer.

The issue of what if a deadline is missed is a crucial one. For example, if the realtime
system is part of an airplane's flight control system, it is possible for the lives of the
passengers and crew to be endangered by a single missed deadline. However, if instead
the system is involved in satellite communication, the damage could be limited to a
single corrupt data packet. The more severe the consequences, the more likely it will
be said that the deadline is "hard" and thus, the system is a hard real-time system. Real-
time systems at the other end of this discussion are said to have "soft" deadlines.

All of the topics and examples presented in this book are applicable to the designers
of real-time system who is more delight in his work. He must guarantee reliable
operation of the software and hardware under all the possible conditions and to the
degree that human lives depend upon three system's proper execution, engineering
calculations and descriptive paperwork.

Application Areas :Nearly 99 per cent of the processors manufactured end up in

embedded systems. The embedded system market is one of the highest growth areas as
these systems are used in very market segment- consumer electronics, office

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automation, industrial automation, biomedical engineering, wireless

communication,Data communication, telecommunications, transportation, military and
so on.

Consumer appliances: At home we use a number of embedded systems which include

digital camera, digital diary, DVD player, electronic toys, microwave oven, remote
controls for TV and air-conditioner, VCO player, video game consoles, video recorders
etc. Today’s high-tech car has about 20 embedded systems for transmission control,
engine spark control, air-conditioning, navigation etc. Even wristwatches are now
becoming embedded systems. The palmtops are powerful embedded systems using
which we can carry out many general-purpose tasks such as playing games and word
processing.

Office automation: The office automation products using em embedded systems are
copying machine, fax machine, key telephone, modem, printer, scanner etc.

Industrial automation: Today a lot of industries use embedded systems for process
control. These include pharmaceutical, cement, sugar, oil exploration, nuclear energy,
electricity generation and transmission. The embedded systems for industrial use are
designed to carry out specific tasks such as monitoring the temperature, pressure,
humidity, voltage, current etc., and then take appropriate action based on the monitored
levels to control other devices or to send information to a centralized monitoring station.
In hazardous industrial environment, where human presence has to be avoided, robots
are used, which are programmed to do specific jobs. The robots are now becoming very
powerful and carry out many interesting and complicated tasks such as hardware
assembly.

Medical electronics: Almost every medical equipment in the hospital is an embedded

system. These equipments include diagnostic aids such as ECG, EEG, blood pressure
measuring devices, X-ray scanners; equipment used in blood analysis, radiation,
colonoscopy, endoscopy etc. Developments in medical electronics have paved way for
more accurate diagnosis of diseases.

Computer networking: Computer networking products such as bridges, routers,

Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM),
X.25 and frame relay switches are embedded systems which implement the necessary
data communication protocols. For example, a router interconnects two networks. The

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two networks may be running different protocol stacks. The router’s function is to
obtain the data packets from incoming pores, analyze the packets and send them
towards the destination after doing necessary protocol conversion. Most networking
equipments, other than the end systems (desktop computers) we use to access the
networks, are embedded systems.

Telecommunications: In the field of telecommunications, the embedded systems can be

categorized as subscriber terminals and network equipment. The subscriber terminals
such as key telephones, ISDN phones, terminal adapters, web cameras are embedded
systems. The network equipment includes multiplexers, multiple access systems,
Packet Assemblers Dissemblers (PADs), sate11ite modems etc. IP phone, IP gateway,
IP gatekeeper etc. are the latest embedded systems that provide very low-cost voice
communication over the Internet.

Wireless technologies: Advances in mobile communications are paving way for many
interesting applications using embedded systems. The mobile phone is one of the
marvels of the last decade of the 20’h century. It is a very powerful embedded system
that provides voice communication while we are on the move. The Personal Digital
Assistants and the palmtops can now be used to access multimedia services over the
Internet. Mobile communication infrastructure such as base station controllers, mobile
switching centers are also powerful embedded systems.

Insemination: Testing and measurement are the fundamental requirements in all

scientific and engineering activities. The measuring equipment we use in laboratories
to measure parameters such as weight, temperature, pressure, humidity, voltage, current
etc. are all embedded systems. Test equipment such as oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer,
logicanalyzer, protocol analyzer, radio communication test set etc. are embedded
systems built around powerful processors. Thank to miniaturization, the test and
measuring equipment are now becoming portable facilitating easy testing and
measurement in the field by fieldpersonnel.

Security: Security of persons and information has always been a major issue. We need
to protect our homes and offices; and also the information we transmit and store.
Developing embedded systems for security applications is one of the most lucrative
businesses nowadays. Security devices at homes, offices, airports etc. for authentication
and verification are embedded systems. Encryption devices are nearly 99 per cent of

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the processors that are manufactured end up in~ embedded systems. Embedded systems
find applications in. every industrial segment- consumer electronics, transportation,
avionics, biomedical engineering, manufacturing, process control and industrial
automation, data communication, telecommunication, defense, security etc. Used to
encrypt the data/voice being transmitted on communication links such as telephone
lines.Biometric systems using fingerprint and face recognition are now being
extensively used for user authentication in banking applications as well as for access
control in high security buildings.

Finance: Financial dealing through cash and cheques are now slowly paving way for
transactions using smart cards and ATM (Automatic Teller Machine, also expanded as
Any Time Money) machines. Smart card, of the size of a credit card, has a small
microcontroller and memory; and it interacts with the smart card reader! ATM machine
and acts as an electronic wallet. Smart card technology has the capability of ushering
in a cashless society. Well, the list goes on. It is no exaggeration to say that eyes
wherever you go, you can see, or at least feel, the work of an embedded system.

1.4 Overview of Embedded System Architecture :

Every embedded system consists of custom-built hardware built around a Central
Processing Unit (CPU). This hardware also contains memory chips onto which the
software is loaded. The software residing on the memory chip is also called the
‘firmware’. The embedded system architecture can be represented as a layered
architecture as shown in Fig.

The operating system runs above the hardware, and the application software runs
above the operating system. The same architecture is applicable to any computer
including a desktop computer. However, there are significant differences. It is not
compulsory to have an operating system in every embedded system.

For small appliances such as remote control units, air conditioners, toys etc., there
is no need for an operating system and you can write only the software specific to that
application. For applications involving complex processing, it is advisable to have an
operating system. In such a case, you need to integrate the application software with
the operating system and then transfer the entire software on to the memory chip. Once
the software is transferred to the memory chip, the software will continue to run fora
long time you don’t need to reload new software.

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Now, let us see the details of the various building blocks of the hardware of an
embedded system. As shown in Fig. the building blocks are:

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Memory (Read-only Memory and Random Access Memory)

• Input Devices

• Output devices

• Communication interfaces

• Application-specific circuitry

Fig 1.1 Blocks of hardware embedded system

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

The Central Processing Unit (processor, in short) can be any of the following:
microcontroller, microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP). A micro-controller
is a low-cost processor. Its main attraction is that on the chip itself, there will be many
other components such as memory, serial communication interface, analog-to digital
converter etc. So, for small applications, a micro-controller is the best choice as the
number of external components required will be very less. On the other hand,
microprocessors are more powerful, but you need to use many external components
with them. D5P is used mainly for applications in which signal processing is involved
such as audio and video processing.

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Memory:
The memory is categorized as Random Access 11emory (RAM) and Read Only
Memory (ROM). The contents of the RAM will be erased if power is switched off to
the chip, whereas ROM retains the contents even if the power is switched off. So, the
firmware is stored in the ROM. When power is switched on, the processor reads the
ROM; the program is program is executed.
Input devices:
Unlike the desktops, the input devices to an embedded system have very limited
capability. There will be no keyboard or a mouse, and hence interacting with the
embedded system is no easy task. Many embedded systems will have a small keypad-
you press one key to give a specific command. A keypad may be used to input only the
digits. Many embedded systems used in process control do not have any input device
foruser interaction; they take inputs fromsensors or transducers 1’fnd produce electrical
signals that are in turn fed to other systems.
Output devices:
The output devices of the embedded systems also have very limited capability. Some
embedded systems will have a few Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to indicate the health
status of the system modules, or for visual indication of alarms. A small Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) may also be used to display some important parameters.

Communication interfaces:
The embedded systems may need to, interact with other embedded systems at they
may have to transmit data to a desktop. To facilitate this, the embedded systems are
provided with one or a few communication interfaces such as RS232, RS422, RS485,
Universal Serial Bus (USB), IEEE 1394, Ethernet etc.

Application-specific circuitry:
Sensors, transducers, special processing and control circuitry may be required fat an
embedded system, depending on its application. This circuitry interacts with the
processor to carry out the necessary work. The entire hardware has to be given power
supply either through the 230 volts main supply or through a battery. The hardware has
to design in such a way that the power consumption is minimized.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

Student attendance is an essential part of daily teaching. Traditionally, teacher bears

the mission of calling the class names. Consequently, this consumes time, also does not
have any flexibility in generating reports or statiscs. To get rid of manual attendance
process, represented by paper sheet signature, researchers have proposed many
technologies that include barcode based attendance system, face recognition, and
fingerprint identification. However, these systems suffer from some hindrances and
difficulties. For a classroom of larger strength, both the methods are cumbersome. The
roll call method is easily prone to fake attendance in a classroom of large size and it
also takes a longer time to call the names of all the students.
The significant problems also arise when it comes to the transformation of the paper-
based data to an electronic form to be used in student electronic records for calculating
the total attendance at various levels (e.g. subject, study program, faculty or university).
The classroom attendance system is based on RFID technology. It fully meets the
requirements of the attendance time in the class, reduces the attendance cost of the
classroom, and effectively solves the problem of signing and other issues .

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

To complete the project understanding the specifications and functionalities of each
component used in this project is crucial and to summarize them it is as follows.
Hardware Requirement:
• NodeMCU (ESP8266)
• RFID Reader (RC522)
• RFID Tags
• Connecting Wires
• Breadboard & Jumper wires

Software Requirement:
• Arduino IDE Software.

3.1 NodeMCU (ESP8266) :

The NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an open-source software and

hardware development environment built around an inexpensive System-on-a-Chip
(SoC) called the ESP8266. The ESP8266, designed and manufactured by Espressif
Systems, contains the crucial elements of a computer: CPU, RAM, networking (WiFi),
and even a modern operating system and SDK. That makes it an excellent choice for
Internet of Things (IoT) projects of all kinds.

However, as a chip, the ESP8266 is also hard to access and use. You must solder
wires, with the appropriate analog voltage, to its pins for the simplest tasks such as
powering it on or sending a keystroke to the “computer” on the chip. You also have to
program it in low-level machine instructions that can be interpreted by the chip
hardware. This level of integration is not a problem using the ESP8266 as an embedded
controller chip in mass-produced electronics. It is a huge burden for hobbyists, hackers,
or students who want to experiment with it in their own IoT projects.

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Figure 3.1 NodeMCU(ESP8266)

NodeMCU ESP8266 Specifications & Features :

• Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106

• Operating Voltage: 3.3V
• Input Voltage: 7-12V
• Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
• Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
• UARTs: 1
• SPIs: 1
• I2Cs: 1
• Flash Memory: 4 MB
• SRAM: 64 KB
• Clock Speed: 80 MHz
• USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
• PCB Antenna
• Small Sized module to fit smartly inside your IoT projects

3.2 RFID Reader (MFRC522) :

An RFID or radio frequency identification system consists of two main components,

a tag attached to the object to be identified, and a reader that reads the tag from the chip
inside.

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A reader consists of a radio frequency module and an antenna that generates a high
frequency electromagnetic field. Whereas the tag is usually a passive device (it does
not have a battery). It consists of a microchip that stores and processes information, and
an antenna for receiving and transmitting a signal.

The RC522 is a 13.56MHz RFID module that is based on the MFRC522 controller
from NXP semiconductors. The module can supports I2C, SPI and UART and
normally is shipped with a RFID card and key fob fob tag with 1KB of memory. And
the best part is that it can write a tag that means you can store any message in it. It is
commonly used in attendance systems and other person/object identification
applications.

Figure 3.2 RFID Reader RC522

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RC522 Pin Configuration:

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Vcc Used to Power the module, typically 3.3V is used

2 RST Reset pin – used to reset or power down the module

3 Ground Connected to Ground of system

4 IRQ Interrupt pin – used to wake up the module when a

device comes into range

5 MISO/SCL/Tx MISO pin when used for SPI communication, acts as

SCL for I2c and Tx for UART.

6 MOSI Master out slave in pin for SPI communication

7 SCK Serial Clock pin – used to provide clock source

8 SS/SDA/Rx Acts as Serial input (SS) for SPI communication,

SDA for IIC and Rx during UART

Table 3.1 RC522 Pin Specifications

3.3 5V Buzzer
An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may be electromechanical
or piezoelectric or mechanical type. The main function of this is to convert the signal
from audio to sound. Generally, it is powered through DC voltage and used in timers,

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alarm devices, printers, alarms, computers, etc. Based on the various designs, it can
generate different sounds like alarm, music, bell & siren.

The pin configuration of the buzzer is shown below. It includes two pins namely
positive and negative. The positive terminal of this is represented with the ‘+’ symbol
or a longer terminal. This terminal is powered through 6Volts whereas the negative
terminal is represented with the ‘-‘symbol or short terminal and it is connected to the
GND terminal.

Figure 3.3 5V Buzzer

3.4 RFID Tags :
An RFID tag works by transmitting and receiving information via an antenna and a
microchip — also sometimes called an integrated circuit or IC. The microchip on an
RFID reader is written with whatever information the user wants.

There are two main types of RFID tags: battery-operated and passive. As the name
suggests, battery-operated RFID tags contain an onboard battery as a power supply,
whereas a passive RFID tag does not, instead working by using electromagnetic energy
transmitted from an RFID reader. Battery-operated RFID tags might also be called
active RFID tags.

Passive RFID tags use three main frequencies to transmit information: 125 – 134
KHz, also known as Low Frequency (LF), 13.56 MHz, also known as High Frequency

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(HF) and Near-Field Communication (NFC), and 865 – 960 MHz, also known as Ultra
High Frequency (UHF). The frequency used affects the tag’s range. When a passive
RFID tag is scanned by a reader, the reader transmits energy to the tag which powers it
enough for the chip and antenna to relay information back to the reader. The reader then
transmits this information back to an RFID computer program for interpretation. There
are two main types of passive RFID tags: inlays and hard tags. Inlays are typically quite
thin and can be stuck on various materials, whereas hard tags are just as the name
suggests, made of a hard, durable material such as plastic or metal.

Figure 3.4 RFID Tags

3.5 ARDUINO IDE

Arduino IDE - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console,
a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the
Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

Programs written using Arduino IDE are called sketches. These sketches are written
in the text editor and are saved with the file extension. The editor has features for
cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while
saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the
Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other information. The
bottom righthand corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port.

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The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save
sketches, and open the serial monitor.

• New - Creates a new sketch.

• Open - Presents a menu of all the sketches in your sketchbook. Clicking one will open
it within the current window overwriting its content.

• Save - Saves your sketch.

• Verify - Checks your code for errors compiling it.

• Upload - Compiles your code and uploads it to the configured board. See uploading
below for details.

• Serial Monitor - Opens the serial monitor.

ARDUINO – PROGRAM STRUCTURE

We will study in depth, the Arduino program structure and we will learn more new
terminologies used in the Arduino world. The Arduino software is open-source. The
source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++
microcontroller libraries are under the LGPL.

Sketch: The first new terminology is the Arduino program called “sketch”.
Structure Arduino programs can be divided in three main parts: Structure, Values
(variables and constants), and Functions. In this tutorial, we will learn about the
Arduino software program, step by step, and how we can write the program without
any syntax or compilation error.

Let us start with the Structure. Software structure consist of two main functions:

-> Setup( ) function

-> Loop( ) function

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Fig 3.5 ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE

PURPOSE of setup(): The setup() function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to
initialize the variables, pin modes, start using libraries, etc. The setup function will only
run once, after each power up or reset of the Arduino board.

PURPOSE of loop (): After creating a setup() function, which initializes and sets the
initial values, the loop() function does precisely what its name suggests, and loops
consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Use it to actively control
the Arduino.

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CHAPTER 4: BLOCK DIAGRAM

4.1 Block Diagram

Figure 4.1 Block Diagram

The Rfid Card Module is a wireless device that scans an Rfid Tag which is kept in
the radio frequency range(30Hz to 300GHz) or almost approx. at a distance of 5 to
10cm. Then the data from chip(chip is placed in Rfid tags or keychain tags) is scanned
and sent to NodeMCU. ESP8266 is a microcontroller.It sends the data from the chip to
PC. The data sent to PC gets uploaded on google sheets.Then NodeMCU sends signal
to buzzer for beep sound.This indicates that the I-card has been scanned.

4.2 Schematic Diagram

The connections made between all the components with Arduino uno including the
pin number are shown in the following figure below,

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Fig 4.2 Schematic Diagram

RFID Mdule NodeMCU NodeMCU

SDA D4
SCK D5
MOSI D7
MISO D6
GND GND
RST D3
3.3v 3.3v

Table 4.1 Circuit Diagram Pin Configurations

4.3 WORKING MECHANISM

The Rfid Card Module is a wireless device that scans an Rfid Tag which is kept in
the radio frequency range(30Hz to 300GHz) or almost approx. at a distance of 2 to
10cm.Then the data from chip(chip is placed in Rfid tags or keychain tags) is scanned
and sent to NodeMCU.

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 RFID Attendance system using Google sheets

NodeMCU(ESP8266) is a microcontroller.It sends the data from the chip to PC. The
data sent to PC gets uploaded on google sheets in hours,minutes,seconds. Then
NodeMCU sends signal to buzzer for beep sound.This indicates that the I-card has
been scanned.

Fig 4.3 WORKING MECHANISM

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CHAPTER 6: RESULT
The project was perfomed successfully and below are the results related to them .

Figure 6.1 Project Execution

The Figure Below shows the updation of the excel sheet with different tag data and
their in-time

Figure 6.2 Results

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CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION
Our goal is to develop a secure, portable and ready to deploy RFID-based attendance.
The system provides a practical and efficient solution for monitoring student attendance
on a large scale. The proposed attendance monitoring system uses the concept of IoT
to log and fetch data on the server/cloud and make it available for the user anytime and
anywhere. For future work, we would also like to give access to students about their
attendance, so they can log in and check their attendance remotely. We would integrate
the entire system with a mobile phone application so that all functionality is on the
mobile itself.

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CHAPTER 8: FUTURE SCOPE

❑ This system can be used to take attendance for student in school, college, and
university.
❑ It also can be used to take attendance for workers in working places.
❑ This project can be used in various software companies, production industries,
and many other industries to take the attendance of employees.
❑ It can be used in shops, and shopping malls for the attendance of employees and
workers.
❑ We can also use it to note down the in and out time of vehicles. With a little bit
of modification, this project can be used in vehicle/car parking systems.
❑ If parking charges are charged on hourly basis, we can use this project to note
the exact in and out time of car to find out the total and exact parking charges
of that particular vehicle.

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References:
[1] Sri Madhu BM, Kavya K, Devansh. IoT based automatic attendance management
system, IEEE International Conference on Current Trends in Computer, Electrical,
Electronics and Communication, September 2017.
[2] NodeMCU pin diagrams by www.electronicshub.org
[3] Qianwen M, Fu X, Haiping H, Lijuan S, Ruchan W. Smart Attitude Algorithm with
Parrite RFID Tags. IEEE Conference 2018.
[4] Hassan S, Ertan Z, Ghassan AH. New anti-collision protocol for RFID – Based
Student Attendance system. 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies
and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT). October 2018.
[5] Nguyen HK, Chew MT. RFID – Based Attendance management System, 2nd
Workshop on Recent Trends in Telecommunications Research (RTTR) Palmerston
North, New Zealand. 2017.

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