THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

ALEENA SHEHZADI
SAPID: 70058519
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY
DPT 10TH B

SUBMITTED TO: RESPECTED MAM SADIA.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 2
 HEART RATE, RESPIRATORY RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE,
LIVER SIZE, HEART SIZE VARIATIONS WITH AGE.

 RESPIRATORY RATE CHANGES WITH AGE:

Breathing rate usually does not change with age. But lung function decreases slightly each year as you
age. Air sacs may lose their shape. Your diaphragm can get weaker, preventing you from fully breathing
in and out. Muscles near your airways may lose their ability to keep the airways completely open in
order to fill. Rib-cage and posture-related changes can leave less room for your lungs to expand.
Healthy older people can usually breathe without effort. Older people may become dizzy when standing
up too quickly.

 HEART RATE CHANGES WITH AGE:

Aging can cause changes in the heart and blood vessels. For example, as you get older, your heart can't
beat as fast during physical activity or times of stress as it did when you were younger.

However, the number of heart beats per minute (heart rate) at rest does not change significantly with
normal aging.
 BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES WITH AGE:

An age-related increase in blood pressure (BP) is viewed as a universal feature of human

aging. Among Westerners over age 40 years, systolic BP (SBP) increases by 7 mmHg per
decade. Epidemiological surveys show a progressive increase in SBP with age, reaching
an average of 140 mmHg by the eighth decade.

 LIVER SIZE CHANGES WITH AGE:

 The liver is the largest organ in the body and also the largest gland. It has been estimated that between
birth and adulthood, there is at least a 10-fold increase in liver mass.
 The size of the liver increases with age, from an average span of 5 cm at the age of five years, to
15 cm in adulthood. The size of the normal liver also varies with sex and body size.
 The normal liver weighs 1.4 to 1.5 kg in men and 1.2 to 1.4 kg in women.
 Relative to body size, the liver is larger in the fetus (1/18 of total body weight) than in the
adult (1/36 of total body weight).

 HEART SIZE CHANGES WITH AGE:

With age the chambers of your heart may increase in size. The heart wall thickens, so the amount of
blood that a chamber can hold may decrease despite the increased overall heart size. The heart may fill
more slowly. A slight increase in the size of the heart, especially the left ventricle occurs in some
people.