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 Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac97cb

PAPER

Dynamic response of torsional waves in an anisotropic infinite

cylinder with finite thickness
RECEIVED
20 September 2022
ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION
5 October 2022
PUBLISHED
Sunita Kumawat and Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma
17 October 2022 Department of Mathematics, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India
E-mail: sunita14kumawat@gmail.com

Keywords: torsional wave, monoclinic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic, dispersion relation

Abstract
The transference of torsional surface waves in an infinite triclinic cylinder has been investigated. The
equation of motion has been expressed in the cylindrical coordinate system, and by the means of the
separation of variables, the displacement has been derived in terms of the Bessel function of the first
kind and second kind. With the use of suitable boundary conditions, the dispersion equation has been
deduced in a closed-form. Particular cases have been derived for monoclinic, orthotropic, transversely
isotropic(precisely transtropic), and isotropic medium. The continuum comparision of each one of
the cases have been discussed in details. In order to exhibit the present findings, 2D and 3D graphs
have been plotted for phase velocity against wave number to study the impact of elastic coefficients
and the ratio of radii of the cylinder. In the end, phase velocity for different media has been compared
numerically. The study may be useful to construct torsional wave sensors in predicting the extent of
damage during an earthquake by means of artificial explosions.

1. Introduction

Over the last several years, the dynamic response of torsional surface waves in elastic medium has been of great
concern. Many mathematicians and seismologists have been following the theory given by Love [1] and Biot [2],
who not only presented a comprehensive study of seismic waves but also deduced classical dispersion equations.
However, looking at the performance study of a Torsional wave sensor [3], the Design and development of a
torsional guided-waves inspection system for the detection and sizing of defects in pipes [4], it is essentially
useful, interesting, and predominant to study the wave phenomena in the triclinic cylinder.
A torsional surface wave is a horizontally polarized wave that gives a twist to the medium when it propagates.
Its amplitude decays exponentially with depth and produces circumferential displacement with no dependency
on the azimuthal angle. Torsional wave propagation in micropolar cylindrical bars has been studied by Taliercio
et al [5], whereas a detailed theoretical study on the torsional wave in anisotropic elastic cylinder has been studied
by Chugainova and Kulikovskii [6].
It was Vardoulakis who has shown that the torsional wave velocities are significantly effected by the
inhomogeneity contained in the medium. Following the idea, Akbarov et al [7] mathematically proved that the
velocity of the torsional wave in an initially stressed hollow bi-layered cylinder depends much on the presence of
initial inhomogeneous thermal stresses. Torsional Vibrations of Fluid-Filled Multilayered Transversely
Isotropic Finite Circular Cylinder has been briefly discussed by Abassi et al [8]. Kudlicka [9] has described a
problem of the dispersion properties of torsional waves in a thick-walled transversely isotropic circular cylinder
of infinite length. The wall of the cylinder made out of transversely isotropic material with the axis of isotropy
parallel to the x-axis of the cylinder. The dispersion curves for both the phase and group velocities were
discussed. Selim discussed the torsional Wave in a Dissipative Cylindrical Shell Under Initial Stresses [10].
Moreover, the influence of dissipation and initial stresses on damping and phase velocities of torsional wave
propagation have been explored. The impact of the initially stressed dissipative cylinder on Torsional wave
dispersion has been analyzed by Singhal [11]. Dynamic response of torsional wave propagation in a pre-stressed

© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd

Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

circular cylinder embedded in a pre-stressed elastic medium has been explored by Ozturk and Akbarov [12].
References may be given to [13–15] for there commendable work. There are several energy flow issues involving
torsional waves through arbitrarily composite cylinders like pipe ducts, bars, hollow pillars etc., with various
kinds of anisotropy. Controlling the anisotropy of a cylindrical-like structure appears to allow the optimization
of amplitude and energy flow distribution in various areas of the structure like buildings, bridges, armatures,
machine parts, and constructions. Mathematical modeling and theoretical investigations of such
Elastodynamics problems have great significance in almost all branches of the natural sciences and modern
engineering. The very twisting behavior of torsional waves and its multifaceted applications motivates the
current investigation.
It has been observed that the dynamics of torsional waves in a generalized medium of 21 elastic coefficients
have not been performed so far. Therefore, to fill this gap, the current paper studies the propagation behaviour of
the torsional surface waves in a generalized triclinic medium of 21 elastic coefficients. Displacement in terms of
Bessel functions has been deduced. A suitable boundary condition has been employed by means of analytical
treatment to derive the dispersion relation in the closed-form. This comes out to be a function of phase velocity,
wave number, the radius of the inner and outer cylinder, and the governing elastic coefficients. Furthermore,
particular cases have been derived for monoclinic (13 elastic coefficients), orthotropic (9 elastic coefficients),
transtropic (5 elastic coefficients) and isotropic (2 coefficients) medium. In order to illustrate the findings,
graphs have been plotted for dimensionless phase velocity versus dimensionless wave number. The influence of
radii of the cylinder and the elastic coefficients on the phase velocity has been demonstrated graphically. The
observations and salient features have been enlisted and discussed. The present study deals with the transference
of torsional surface waves in an infinite cylinder when the material of the cylinder is monoclinic, orthotropic,
transtropic, and isotropic. This further motivates to construct torsional wave sensors in predicting the extent of
damage during an earthquake by means of artificial explosions.

2. Formulation of the problem

We are considering the propagation of torsional surface waves in an infinite cylinder with finite walls composed
of a triclinic material. Let the inner and outer radii of the cylinder be R1 and R2, respectively. The cylindrical
coordinate system has been chosen with the z-axis along the principal axis of the cylinder, as shown in figure 1.
For the torsional wave propagating along the axis of an infinitely long cylinder, the displacements in the
radial(r), axial(z) and azimuthal(θ) directions are ur, uz and uθ respectively.
The stress-strain relations given by Generalized Hooke’s law can be written as
t = C ij  ; i , j = 1, 2,¼,6 (1)
where t = ( tzz tqq trr tqr trz tzq )T ,  = ( zz qq rr qr rz  zq )T are stress and strain components respectively,
Cij denotes the elastic coefficients of the material.
The strain-displacement relations are

1 ¶u r ¶u q u ¶u z ¶u r 1 ¶u z ¶u q ⎫
qr = + - q , rz = + ,  zq = + ,
r ¶q ¶r r ¶r ¶z r ¶q ¶z ⎪ (2)
¶u z ¶u r 1 ¶u q u ⎬
 zz = = 0, rr = = 0, qq = + r = 0.⎪
¶z ¶r r ¶q r ⎭
The torsional wave is characterized by the displacements
u r = 0, u q = u q (r , t , z ) , and u z = 0 where t is time.
The equation of motion for the torsional wave propagating in the radial direction in the absence of body force is
(Biot [8])
¶tqr ¶t 2t ¶ 2u
+ zq + qr = r 2q . (3)
¶r ¶z r ¶t
Using the strain-displacement relationship in equation (3), we get

¶ 2u 1 ¶u q u ¶ 2u q 2C 46 ¶u q ¶ 2u q ¶ 2u q
C 44 ⎛ 2 q +
⎜ - 2q ⎞ + C 46
⎟ + + C 66 = r (4)
⎝¶r r ¶r r ⎠ ¶r ¶z r ¶r ¶z 2 ¶t 2
The harmonic solution of above equation may be assumed as
u q = V (r ) e iK (z - ct ) (5)

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Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 1. Geometry of the problem.

where K is the wave number, c is the velocity of the wave, i = -1 , and V(r) is the solution of the equation
d 2V 1 dV -1 aiK c2
2
+ ⎛ + 2aiK ⎞ + ⎛⎜ 2 + + K 2 ⎛⎜ 2 - b⎞⎟ ⎞⎟ V = 0 (6)
dr ⎝r ⎠ dr ⎝ r r ⎝ c1 ⎠⎠
where a = C46/C44 and b = C66/C44 are dimensionless elastic coefficients, and c1 = C44 r is the shear wave
velocity.
Thus the solution of the Bessel equation (6) is

c2
V (r ) = A1 e -aiKrJ1 (pr ) - A2 e -aiKrY1 (pr ) ; p = K 2 ⎛⎜ 2 - b + a 2⎞⎟ (7)
⎝ c1 ⎠
where A1 and A2 are arbitrary constants; J1 and Y1 are Bessel functions of first and second kind, respectively.
Hence, the displacement for the torsional surface wave in the infinite cylinder is

⎛ c2 c2 ⎞
u q = ⎜A1 e -aiKrJ1 ⎛⎜Kr 2 - b + a 2 ⎞⎟ - A2 e -aiKrY1 ⎛⎜Kr 2 - b + a 2 ⎞⎟ ⎟ e iK (z - ct ) (8)
⎝ c1 ⎠ ⎝ c1 ⎠⎠
⎝

3. Boundary condition and dispersion relation

The free surface of the infinite cylinder lies in the radial direction; therefore, the normal stress and the shear
stresses become zero. Mathematically, τrr = 0, τrz = 0 and τθr = 0 at r = R1 and r = R2.
This leads to the relation
¶u q u ¶u
- q +a q =0 (9)
¶r r ¶z
Proceeding with the above boundary condition, we have

A2 prJ0 (pr ) - 2J1 (pr )

= = A (say ) (10)
A1 prY0 (pr ) - 2Y1 (pr )

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Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Table 1. Stiffness matrix for different degree of anisotropy.

C46 C66
No of elastic coefficients Stiffness Matrix a= C44
b= C44

21(Triclinic material) ⎡ 7 11 -8 12 5 -8 ⎤ 0.73 0.13

⎢ 11 25 -15 25 8 -15 ⎥
⎢-8 -15 2 -30 5 12 ⎥
⎢ 12 25 -30 15 19 11 ⎥
⎢ 5 8 5 19 -1 -12 ⎥
⎢
⎣-8 -15 12 11 -12 2 ⎥⎦

13 (Monoclinic material) 0 -2.4 ⎤ 0 1.07

⎡ 69.9 34 30.8 0
⎢ 34 183.5 5.5 0 0 -7.7 ⎥
⎢ 30.8 5.5 179.5 0 0 7.1 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 24.9 -7.2 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 -7.2 33.5 0 ⎥
⎢
⎣-2.4 -7.7 7.1 0 0 26.8 ⎥
⎦

⎡ 0.051 -0.01 -0.04

09(Orthotropic material) 0 0 0 ⎤ 0 0.21
⎢-0.01 0.051 -0.04 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢-0.04 -0.04 0.292 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0.347 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0.347 0 ⎥
⎢
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0.073⎥
⎦
05(Transtropic material) 0 0.53
⎡14.1 6.8 6.2 0 0 0 ⎤
⎢ 6.8 14.1 6.2 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 6.2 6.2 135 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 6.8 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 6.8 0 ⎥
⎢
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 3.65 ⎥
⎦

⎡ 1 -0.3 -0.3 0 0 0 ⎤
02(Isotropicmaterial) 0 1
⎢-0.3 1 -0.3 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢-0.3 -0.3 1 0 0 0⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 1.3 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 1.3 0 ⎥
⎢
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 1.3⎥⎦

At r = R1 and r = R2, we have

pR1 J0 (pR1) - 2J1 (pR1) pR2 J0 (pR2 ) - 2J1 (pR2 )
= (11)
pR1 Y0 (pR1) - 2Y1 (pR1) pR2 Y0 (pR2 ) - 2Y1 (pR2 )
The dispersion relation for the torsional wave propagating in a triclinic infinite cylinder with thick-walls is given
by (11).

4. Particular cases

Case I Monoclinic material: The number of elastic coefficients is 13. The elastic coefficients satisfies
Cij = 0; i = 1, 2, 3, j = 4, 5 and C46 = C56 = 0.
Thus a = 0 and b = CC66 .
44
Case II Orthotropic material: The number of elastic coefficients is 9. The elastic coefficients satisfies
Cij = 0; i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and j = 4, 5, 6; i ≠ j.
Thus a = 0 and b = CC66 .
44
Case III Transversely isotropic material: The number of elastic coefficients is 5. The elastic coefficients
satisfies Cij = 0; i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and j = 4, 5, 6; i ≠ j and C12 = C13, C22 = C33, C55 = C66
and C44 = 12 (C22 - C23).
2C
Thus a = 0 and b = (C -66C ) . This choice of a and b will reduces the dispersion relation for triclinic material
22 23
to the dispersion relation for transversely isotropic material given by J. Kudlica [9]. This validates our findings.
Case IV Isotropic material: The number of elastic coefficients is 2. The elastic coefficients satisfies
Cij = 0; i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and j = 4, 5, 6; i ≠ j
1
and C12 = C13 = C23, C11 = C22 = C33, C44 = C55 = C66 = 2 (C11 - C12).
Thus a = 0 and b = 1. Table 1 contains stiffness matrices for several materials derived from [16–20].

5. Numerical computation and discussion

To demonstrate the effect of dimensionless parameters R = RR2 , a, and b on the propagation of torsional surface
1
waves, equation (11) is numerically computed with different parameter values. Note that the values of all the

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Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 2. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of parameter a for triclinic
material (21 elastic coefficients).

parameters are taken from table 1. All the graphs, with the exception of figures 2 and 12, show an exponential
behavior in velocity.
In order to discuss the impact of dimensionless elastic coefficient a = C46/C44 for a material having 21 elastic
coefficients, phase velocity against wave number has been plotted in figure 2. The value of a for curve number 1,
curve number 2, and curve number 3 has been assumed to be 0.73, 1.73, and 2.73, respectively. The elastic
coefficients b and R have been kept fixed with 0.13 and 2.00, respectively. It has been found that as the value of a
changes periodically, the velocity reduces significantly at a particular wave number. However, it is worth noting
that for a smaller wave number, the velocity of all the curves are minutely altered.
In contrast to the previous study, figure 3 demonstrates the influence of dimensionless elastic coefficients
b = C66/C44 on the velocity of the torsional surface wave for a material with 21 elastic coefficients. Curve
numbers 1-3 have been drawn to observe the variation in b for the values 0.13, 1.13, and 2.13, respectively. It
clearly displays the effect that as b increases, the velocity also increases, unlike figure 3. It can also be observed
that the bunch of curves seem to coincide with lower values of the wave number, as shown in the figure. This
gives us valuable information that there may exist a critical point where although the value of elastic coefficients
is different, the velocity remains the same.
Figure 4 has been plotted for dimensionless phase velocity c/c1 against dimensionless wave number KR1 for a
material having 21 elastic coefficients. In this figure, the impact of R = R2/R1 where R1 and R2 are the radii of the
inner and outer cylinders, respectively, has been studied. Also the value of a = C46/C44 and b = C66/C44 have
been taken as 0.73 and 0.13, respectively. It has been observed that as the ratio of radii R2/R1 increases, the phase
velocity decreases at a particular wave number. However, as the wave number increases, the velocity falls off
marginally for the entire domain of the wave number.
Figure 5 has been drawn to depict the influence of the dimensionless elastic coefficient b = C66/C44 in the
monoclinic medium. Since the elastic coefficient C46 = 0, therefore a = 0 while R is assumed to be 2.00. The
value of b for curve numbers 1-3 have been considered 1.07, 2.07, and 3.07, respectively. The influence is quite
similar to figure 3 except for the magnitude of the velocity. On comparing with figure 3, one can find that the ease
of propagation is higher in the case of the monoclinic medium as compared to the triclinic medium of 21 elastic
coefficients. In figure 6, dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number has been studied for
the monoclinic material by means of equation (11) to study the impact of R. It has been noticed that velocity
decreases uniformly throughout the domain of wave number, although it decreases minutely on increasing R.
In figure 7, the numerical values of dimensionless phase velocity c/c1 against dimensionless wave number
KR1 have been calculated for different values of b = C66/C44 for a triclinic medium having 9 elastic coefficients.
It has been observed that the phase velocity is decreasing exponentially with respect to the wave number. At a
certain value of the wave number, the velocity is being seen as rising.

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Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 3. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of elastic parameter b for
triclinic material (21 elastic coefficients).

Figure 4. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of elastic parameter R for
triclinic material (21 elastic coefficients).

Figure 8 shows the influence of dimensionless parameter R on the dispersion curve for an orthotropic
medium. It has been established that when the value of R grows, the phase velocity at a given wave number
decreases. Figure 9 reflects the effect of dimensionless elastic coefficient b = 2C66/(C22 − C23) on the torsional
wave velocity for a transversely isotropic medium. The dimensionless velocity against dimensionless wave
number KR1 increases rapidly as b increases from 0.53 to 2.53.
Figure 10 describes the variation of R, i.e., the ratio of the radii R2/R1 in the case of transtropic cylinder (5
elastic coefficients). As the value of R increases from R = 2.00 to R = 4.00, the velocity goes marginally down.

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Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 5. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of parameter b for
monoclinic material (13 elastic coefficients).

Figure 6. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of parameter R for
monoclinic material (13 elastic coefficients).

This can be compared with figures 4, 6, and 8, where the pattern of the curves are quite similar. However, the
magnitude of the velocity is sort of higher in the case of transtropic medium compared to triclinic, orthotropic
medium but lesser than monoclinic medium. This concludes that the dispersion of torsional waves in
transtropic medium is dominant compared to triclinic/orthotropic medium.
Figure 11 signifies the variation of R = R2/R1 in the case of the isotropic cylinder. On increasing the value of
R periodically from 2.00 to 4.00, the velocity drops down for a particular wave number. However, a minute
difference in the magnitude can be easily seen by comparing the consecutive curves.

7
Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 7. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of elastic parameter b for
Orthotropic material (9 elastic coefficients).

Figure 8. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of elastic parameter R for
Orthotropic material (9 elastic coefficients).

In figure 12, a comprehensive comparison of phase velocities have been made for all the cases i.e., triclinic,
orthotropic, monoclinic, transtropic, and isotropic medium. The numerical values of the elastic coefficients that
have been employed to plot the graph are fetched from table 1. Essentially, the figure reflects that the hierarchy of
the velocity from smallest to largest is triclinic, orthotropic, transtropic, isotropic, and monoclinic. It is self-
evident that the velocity corresponding to triclinic is the smallest, and the velocity corresponding to monoclinic
is the greatest. There is a slight jump in the velocities of monoclinic and orthotropic material. The graph, in turn,
represents the very nature of the medium that composes the cylinder affects not only the velocity but also
identifies which medium allows for easy twisting and deformation due to torsional wave propagation.
In order to support the present findings, Contour 3D graphs have been plotted for the triclinic medium only,
as the illustration for the other media have been sufficiently showcased in 2D plots. The response obtained for
triclinic medium have been taken into account by means of figure 13–16. The surface plots are smooth and

8
Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 9. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of parameter b for
transversely isotropic material (5 elastic coefficients).

Figure 10. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of elastic parameter R for
transversely isotropic material (5 elastic coefficients).

continuous throughout the domain for each one of the wavefronts. This indicates the extent of gradual ups and
downs in the phase velocity and confirms that no cusp or corners form. It is worth noticing that the trend of the
surface are consistent with the 2D plots, however the domains in the 3D plots has been narrowed for the wide
visibility and better illustration.
Figure 13 describes the simultaneous influence of the elastic parameter a and the wavenumber KR1 on the
dimensionless phase velocity. In the given domain, three wavefronts have been obtained consecutively. All the
wavefronts indicates that the velocity steeps-up significantly for the lower magnitudes of a and KR1. However,

9
Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 11. Variation of dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless wave number to study the impact of parameter R for
Isotropic material (2 elastic coefficients).

Figure 12. Comparison plot for phase velocities of materials with different degree of anisotropy.

the surface corresponding to the second wavefront rolling slightly upwards shows that, the velocity shoots up
extensively high when the values of a and KR1 changes marginally. One may also conclude that the dispersion
equation is sensitive with respect to the elastic coefficients.
Figure 14 illustrates the effect of elastic parameter b on the phase velocity of torsional wave when its value
changes continuously in (0,1]. The velocity profile is slightly different from figure 13, and approximately
reassembles a plane. Under the limiting case, it indicates that there lie a linear relationship among c/c1, b and
KR1. The velocity increases significantly as the magnitude of KR1 and b increases simultaneously. On comparing

10
Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 13. Dimensionless phase velocity against wave number and elastic parameter a.

Figure 14. Dimensionless phase velocity against wave number and elastic parameter b.

figures 13 and 14, one may draw a conclusion that the impact of parameter a is predominantly high compared to
parameter b.
Figure 15 discusses the relative impact of the thickness of the cylinder on the phase velocity. It has been
observed that as the ratio of the radii R = R2/R1 increases with KR1, the phase velocity decreases substantially. A
couple of wavefronts have been obtained in the given domain. The surfaces are mildly curved by appears more
like a slanting plane, showing that the velocity changing throughout. The trend replicates the one obtained for
the corresponding 2D plot. One may notice that as the thickness of the infinite cylindrical chamber grows, the

11
Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

Figure 15. Dimensionless phase velocity against wave number and elastic parameter R.

Figure 16. Dimensionless phase velocity against elastic parameters a and b.

velocity diminished drastically. This allow torsional waves to propagate through the cylinder with relatively low
twisting.
Figure 16 shows the joint impact of the elastic coefficients a and b on torsional wave dispersion. When the
magnitude of a decreases and the magnitude of b increases simultaneously the the phase velocity increases
throughout the domain. The two wavefronts obtained here are uniformly held apart, revealing that each point in
the domain produces consistent change in the velocity. On comparing with the 2D graphs where velocity have
been evaluated individually for the discrete points of a and b, a handful amount of extra information may be

12
Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

gathered. The surface plot not only unfold the spread of the velocity over the entire domain, it also analyses the
rate of change of velocity by means of tangent plane to deduce the group velocity in each on of the case.

6. Conclusion

The paper attempts to study the influential phenomena of the dimensionless elastic coefficients and radii ratio
on the phase velocity of the torsional waves that propagate through a cylinder of infinite length. The closed-form
dispersion relation in terms of Bessel functions has been used to depict the influences by means of numerical
results. Separate dispersion equations for triclinic, monoclinic, orthotropic, transtropic, and isotropic medium
have been obtained theoretically and discussed numerically. By means of 2D and 3D plots, the salient features of
the numerical observations may be listed below:

• For the increasing value of the radii ratio, R, the torsional wave velocity decreases significantly for any degree
of anisotropy.
• For a triclinic medium with 21 elastic coefficients, as the elastic coefficient a increases, the velocity of the
torsional surface wave decreases notably.
• The velocity of the torsional wave shoots up as the elastic coefficient b increases. This trend appears for all the
materials irrespective of the number of elastic coefficients. This proves that b has a uniform effect on all kinds
of materials.
• The magnitude of the velocity turns out to be maximum for monoclinic material and minimum for triclinic
medium. This shows that the number of elastic coefficients present in the stiffness matrix has a direct impact
on the dispersion curve. It can also be concluded that the velocity at a particular wave number neither
increases nor decreases with a constant increase in the degree of anisotropy of the medium. The abnormality
may be due to the distinction of the elastic coefficient ratios, i.e.,b = C66/C44, b = 2C66/(C22 − C23), and b = 1
in the case of triclinic/monoclinic/orthotropic, transtropic, and isotropic medium respectively.

The key part of the paper is to bring out the influences made by the dimensionless elastic parameters a and b
on the phase velocity of the torsional surface wave. The significance of these parameters lies in the fact that, as it
describes the important properties and the fundamental stiffness of the material, it is very important to measure
the degree of deviation it poses on the torsional wave velocity. Therefore, a case-wise illustration has been shown
for each one of the elastic parameters a and b by means of suitable graphs. Furthermore, to study if the degree of
thickness of the cylinder influences the velocity, graphs have been plotted for the ratio of the radii R = RR2 whose
1
physical significance is self-explanatory.
This way, the study of the dynamic response of torsional waves in a triclinic infinite cylinder with finite
thickness has a great application in geophysical prospecting. The closed-form solution in terms of dispersion
relation will be of immense help to the scientists. The present findings may help in signal processing and seismic
data analysis. Further, an application of torsional wave analysis to turbogenerator rotor shaft response can also
be implemented. The present findings can also be extended to porothermoelastic cylinder [21], spatial analysis
of torsion waves in a cylindrical waveguide, application to magnetostrictive generation, and its geometric effects.

Data availability statement

No new data were created or analysed in this study.

ORCID iDs

Sunita Kumawat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-3034

Sumit Kumar Vishwakarma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-1149

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Phys. Scr. 97 (2022) 115004 S Kumawat and S K Vishwakarma

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