REVIEWER IN HISTORY
Juventud; it came Dolores (1810).
Retraction - Retraction is
an act of taking back one’s
statement, oat, or promise.
Jesuit-The group of
priests who attended Rizal
before his death were from
what
congregation.
Masons-Anti-Catholic
group.
“There were 4 versions
of the retraction”
“This is written in
Spanish language”
“Manila 29 of December
of 1896”
Father Manuel Garcia - In
1935, he found Father
Manuel Garcia discovered
Rizal's Retraction letter at
the Catholic hierarchy's
archive in Manila.
4 VERSION OF
RETRACTIONS :
1. The first text was
published in La
Voz Española and
Diaro de Manila
on the very day of
Rizal’s execution,
Dec. 30, 1896.
2. The second text
appeared in
Barcelona, Spain,
on February 14,
1897, in the
fortnightly
magazine in La to Mexico’s Grito de
from an The Cry of Pugad Lawin
anonymous writer (Tagalog: Sigaw ng Pugad
who revealed Lawin, Spanish: Grito de
himself fourteen Pugad Lawin) was the
years later as Fr. beginning of the Philippine
Balaguer. Revolution against the
3. The "original" text Spanish Empire.
was discovered in KATIPUNAN -
the archdiocesan Kataastaasan,
archives on May Kagalanggalangang
18, 1935, after it Katipunan ng mga Anak
disappeared for ng Bayan, also known as
thirty-nine years Katipunan or KKK.
from the afternoon Founded by Filipino
of the day when patriots Andrés Bonifacio,
Rizal was shot. Teodoro Plata, Ladislao
4. The fourth text Diwa and others, the
appeared in El Katipunan was a secret
Imparcial on the organization until it was
day after Rizal’s discovered in 1896.
execution; it is the At first, membership in the
short formula of the Katipunan was only open
retraction. to male Filipinos; later,
Josephine Bracken - women were accepted into
Wife of Rizal the society.
Francisco - Rizal’s Son ANDRÉS BONIFACIO Y
DE CASTRO - (November
Fr. Vicente Balaguer and 30, 1863–May 10, 1897)
Fr. Jose Villaclara - The was a Filipino
last two person who visited revolutionary leader and
Rizal before his death. the president of the
Two powerful groups Tagalog Republic. "The
involved in the debate - Father of the Philippine
Catholic Church and Revolution". He was one
Masons of the founders and later
“ Cry” - is translated from Supremo (Supreme
the Spanish el grito de Leader) of Katipunan.
rebelion (cry of rebellion) “The Cry of Rebellion in
or el grito for short. the Philippines
Thus the Grito de happened in August
Balintawak is comparable 1896.”
The first accepted venue
and date was “
Balintawak “ dated
August 26, 1896. It was
1963 that was changed
to “Pugad Lawin” on
August 23, 1896 through
the issuance of
President Diosdado
Macapagal of
Proclamation No. 149
Series of 1963, Ambeth
Ocampo even
enumerated five different
places like
Balintawak, Pugad
Lawin, Kangkong, Bahay
Toro, and Pasong Tamo
in five different dates like
20, 23,
24,25,26 of August 1896.
“Some accounts
pointing directly to
Balintawak are
associated with ‘The
Cry’. Lt. Olegario Diaz of
the Spanish Civil Guards
wrote in 1896 that the
event happened in
Balintawak, which
corroborates the
accounts of the historian
Gregorio Zaide and
Teodoro Kalaw.”
“reasons why Pugad
Lawin is not considered
as the place of the ‘cry’.”
● People of
Balintawak initiated
the revolution
against the
Spaniards that is
why it is not first directorate of the
appropriate to call it Nacionalista Party.
‘Cry of Pugad
Lawin’. “Revolt of the Masses” -
● The place Pugad by Teodoro Agoncillo
Lawin only existed
in 1935 after the
rebellion happened
in 1896.
● The term ‘Pugad
Lawin’ was only
made up because
of the hawk’s nest
at the top of a tall
tree at the
backyard of
Tandang Sora in
Banlat, Gulod,
Kaloocan.
Qurino (1995) provides
account of Guillermo
Masangkay on what
transpired on
the historic “cry”. The
account supports the
Pugadlawin version but the
date was
August 24 and not August
23 or August 26.
PÍO VALENZUELA Y
ALEJANDRINO - (July 11,
1869–April 6, 1956) was a
Filipino physician and
revolutionary leader who
joined Katipunan at 23.
SANTIAGO VIRATA
ÁLVAREZ - (July 25,
1872–October 30, 1930)
was a revolutionary
general and a founder and
honorary president of the