THE

KATIPUNAN’S
Group 4
CRY
Cenead Salagan
Ranz Chino Solis
Andrea Vienes
 The Cry of Pugad Lawin was the beginning of the
Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule, which is
alternately and originally referred to as the Cry of
Balintawak. During August 1896, the Katipuneros
—members of the Katipunan headed by Andres
Bonifacio rose in revolt in the area referred to as
Kalookan.

 Today, the expression "Cry" is prevalently referred

as the tearing of community tax certificates (cédulas
personales) by the renegades as an indication of
their division from Spain. This was in a real sense
joined by patriotic shouts.
CONTROVERSY
According to the book of Zaide (1990), “Documentary Sources of Philippine History”,
there are different accounts to consider in finding out the exact date and place of the said
Cry. These include the accounts of:

• Pio Valenzuela’s controversial “Cry of Pugad Lawin”

• Santiago Alvarez’s “The Cry of Bahay Toro”
• Gregoria de Jesus’ version of the “First Cry”,
• Guillermo Masangkay’s “The Cry of Balintawak”
• The Guardia Civil’s Report on the “Cry of Balintawak”
• Don Vicente Samson
PIO
VALENZUELA’S
CONTROVERSIA
L “CRY OF
PUGAD LAWIN”

(AUGUST 23,
1896)
ACCOUNT OF VALENZUELA
 In August 19, 1896, Andres and Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Emilio Jacinto, and
Aguedo del Rosario arrived in the house of Apolonio Samson at Kangkong, while he arrived
the day after—August 20, 1896.

 •In August 22, 1896, 500 members of the Katipunan met in the house and yard of Apolonio
Samson at Kangkong wherein there is no resolution being debated or adopted and mainly an
exchange of views only.

 •In August 23, 1896, 1000 members of the Katipunan carried out a debate and discussion on
whether the revolution against the Spanish government must start on August 29, 1896 or not.
It was held in the house of Juan Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino. After the meeting, they
tore their cedula and shouted, “Long live the Philippines!”
SANTIAGO
ALVAREZ’S THE
“CRY OF BAHAY
TORO”

(AUGUST 24,
1896)
ACCOUNT OF ALVAREZ
 In August 23, 1896 (Sunday), about 500 members arrived at the barn of Melchora Aquino
located in Sampaukan, barrio of Bahay-Toro as early as 10:00 AM.

 In August 24, 1896 (Monday), 1000 Katipuneros are there while the “Supremo” Andres
Bonifacio, decided to have a meeting inside the barn which started at 10 AM

 While, in 12 o’clock noon, the meeting was adjourned and loud cries were heard saying,
“Long live the Philippines!”
GREGORIA DE
JESUS’ VERSION
OF THE FIRST
“CRY”

(AUGUST 25,
1896)
ACCOUNT OF DE JESUS
 She was with her parents in Caloocan and fled to Manila during the event. However, they
immediately returned to Caloocan when the existence of the activities of the Katipunan was
discovered and reached all corners of the Philippines, and some of the members were arrested.

 The Katipuneros including Andres Bonifacio left the town after some days. In her account, the
First “Cry” happened on August 25, 1896 near Caloocan.
 In her account, through her friends, she knew that she will be arrested by t
 he Spanish soldiers. At 11 PM, she left their home and fled secretly to the rice fields of La
Loma with the intention of returning to Manila.
THE GUARDIA
CIVIL’S REPORT
ON THE “CRY OF
BALINTAWAK”

(AUGUST 25,
1896)
ACCOUNT OF THE GUARDIA CIVIL
 In August 23, 1896, Bonifacio went to the barrio of Balintanac (Balintawak) followed by his
200 members.

 On the 24th of August 1896, they were attacked by the Guardia Civil in the outskirts of the
said town.

 In August 25, 1896, the Supreme council held a meeting on the said barrio where 5000
members attended. Discussions on their next move were being made; there are some who
wants to surrender to the Spanish authorities. Bonifacio strongly opposed. It was put to a vote,
and Bonifacio’s proposal was approved by the majority.
• GUILLERMO
MASANGKAY’S
THE “CRY OF
BALINTAWAK”

(AUGUST 26,
1896)
ACCOUNT OF MASANGKAY
 In August 26, 1896, the meeting was held in Balintawak in the house of Apolonio Samson. At
about 9 AM, the meeting was opened, Andres Bonifacio as presiding and Emilio Jacinto as
secretary. The purpose was to discuss when the uprising was to take place.

 Teodoro Plata, Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela opposed to start the revolution because they
lack in preparation. Andres Bonifacio sensed that he would lose the argument, he went outside
and talk to the people who were waiting for the decision of the leaders.

 Bonifacio encouraged the people to join him in his plan to start the revolution. He told the
people that the cedula is the sign of their slavery and if they are willing to join the revolution,
they should destroy their cedula.
ACCOUNT OF MASANGKAY
 People pulled out their cedula and tore them into pieces.

 “So now we have to start the uprising; otherwise the people by hundreds will be shot”,
Bonifacio said to the leaders as he returned to the session hall.

 People outside shouted, “Long Live the Philippine Republic!”

 At about 5 PM, the guards who were up in trees watch for any intruders while the celebration
about the decision of the Katipunan leaders to start the uprising is happening.
DON VICENTE
SAMSON

(AUGUST 26,
1896)
ACCOUNT OF SAMSON

 The cry happened August 26, 1896. He said that he remembers it very well as he noted the
date himself.
 In the morning of August 26, the discussion on the revolution become more intense and heated
than usual. Samson’s curiosity led him to meetings where he often heard them plan about the
revolution.
 His accounts were similar to Masangkay’s. Starting from the morning of August 26, where the
meeting about revolution happened, Bonifacio leaving the hall and persuaded the members to
revolt, up to vividly recalling the Katipuneros tearing their cedulas into pieces, throwing it into
a dry-carabao mud-hole nearby. He strongly believes that the First Cry happened in
Balintawak.
POSITIVE STAND
POSITIVE STAND
Guillermo Masangkay and Don Vicente Samson’s accounts can be
considered as the exact date and location of the Cry of Philippine
Revolution. At Balintawak, August 26, 1896.

It is also supported by Soledad Borromeo-Buehler of Ateneo De

Manila, by which she stated in her book entitled “The Cry of
Balintawak: a contrived controversy: a textual analysis with appended
documents”.

Also, as stated by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA), on the 3rd of September 1911, a monument to the Heroes of
1896 was placed the intersection of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue
(EDSA) and Andres Bonifacio Drive –North Doversion Road. From
that time on until 1962, the Cry of Balintawak was officially
celebrated every 26th of August.
NEGATIVE
STAND
 NEGATIVE STAND
According to National Commission for
Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
 Government maps issued in 1956, 1987, and 1990,
confirms that barangay Bahay Toro existed, but is
does not define the boundaries.
 Pugad Lawin is not on any of these maps. According
to the government, “Pugad Lawin” was never
officially recognized as a place name on any
Philippine map before Second World War. Second,
“Pugad Lawin” appeared in historiography only from
1928, or some 32 years after the events took place.
 And third, the revolution was always traditionally
held to have occurred in Balintawak, which was
distinct from Kalookan and Diliman.”
According to Zaide, Gregoria, & Zaide, Sonia (1990)
who wrote Documentary Sources of Philippine History
 Santiago Alvarez’ account is not given of equal
value compared to the other accounts since he
is not an eyewitness of the said historic event.
 As for Gregoria de Jesus, she was not an
eyewitness since she only heard the news from
others namely her friends and she mentioned
that she joined Bonifacio only after the said
Cry.
 As for Olegario Diaz, he did not experience it
first-hand since he only get statements from
other people to make his report and
investigations.
FINAL STAND
FINAL STAND
 As NCCA stated, it is more accurate to stick to the original “Cry of Balintawak” instead of
the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” as it is never officially recognized as a name of a place before the
World War II. Also, the Cry of Balintawak was being celebrated every 26th of August, from
that time on until 1962.

 However, on Borromeo-Buehler’s book, she cited Teodoro Agoncillo’s “The Revolt of the
Masses” which was written in 1956, he defined "the Cry" as the tearing of cedulas, departing
from precedent. His account was based on the testimonies of Pío Valenzuela and others
accounts who claimed that the cry was held in Pugad Lawin instead of Balintawak.
Valenzuela's version, through Agoncillo's influence, became the basis of the current situation
of the Philippine government. In 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal ordered the official
commemorations shifted to Pugad Lawin, Quezon City on August 23.
FINAL STAND

 Due to the different accounts and the ambiguity of place names in these
accounts, the exact date and place of the Cry is disputed. From 1908 until
1963, the official stance was that the Cry occurred on August 26 in
Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in
Pugad Lawin, Quezon City. The date being declared by the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) as the start of the Philippine
Revolution was on August 23, 1896.