FUNDAMENTAL OF FINALS

01/30
SURVEYING
LECTURE / FIRST SEMESTER

AREA OF IRREGULAR BOUNDARIES

METHODS OF COMPUTING b. SHORT METHOD
AREAS OF IRREGULAR A=A 1 + A 2 + A 3 + An
BOUNDARIES AT REGULAR
INTERVALS d
AT = [ ( h + h ) + ( h2 +h 3 )+ ( h3 +h 4 ) +( h 4 +h5 ) ]
2 1 2
a) TRAPEZOIDAL METHOD
b) SIMPSON’S ONE THIRD
d
RULE AT = [ h +2 h2 +2 h3 +2 h4 +h 5 ]
2 1
TRAPEZOIDAL METHOD
d
b +b h AT = [ h +h +2 h2 +2 h3 +2 h4 ]
2 1 n
A= 1 2 h∨( b1 +b 2 )
2 2
AT =d [ h1 +hn
2
+∑ h ]
SIMPSON’S ONE THIRD RULE

d
h +h A= [ h +h +2 ∑ h odd+ 4 ∑ h even ]
3 1 n
A= 1 2 d
2
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
A=A 1 + A 2 + A 3 + An
A series of perpendicular offsets were
a. LONG METHOD taken from a transit line to a curved
h1 +h 2 boundary line. These offsets were taken 9
A 1= d meters apart and were taken in the
2 following order: 2 m., 3.2 m., 4 m., 3.5
h +h m., 5 m., 6 m., 7 m. Determine the area
A2= 2 3 d included between the transit line and the
2
curved using:
h 3+ h4
A3 = d
2
h4 + h5
A 4= d
2
A=A 1 + A 2 + A 3 + An
Solution:

METF | 1
 FUNDAMENTAL OF FINALS
01/30
SURVEYING
LECTURE / FIRST SEMESTER

1. Trapezoidal Method
 Long Method
h1 +h2 h2 +h3 h 3 + h4 h 4 +h5
AT = d+ d+ d+ d
2 2 2 2
2.0+3.2 3.2+4.0 4.0+3.5 3.5+5.0
AT = ( 9 )+ (9)+ (9)+ (9 )
2 2 2 2
+ 5.0+4 .5 4.5+6.0 6.0+7.0
(9)+ (9)+ (9 )
2 2 2
A=276.30 m

 Short Method

AT =d
2[
h1 +hn
+∑ h ]
AT =9
[
2.0+7.0
2
+∑ ❑
]

METF | 2