5-176

ARUS OF IRREGUlAR BOUNDARIES

b) Simpson's One Third Rule: (Applicable

only to even inteNals or odd offsets)

hs
Methods of computlnq Areas of IrreqUli1r
Boundaries at Re ular Intervals
A d d B d d C
a} Trapezoidal Rule

d = common interval
h1 =first offset
hn = last offset

d d d d

A =A, +A2 +A3 + ~

d
. A = 2[(h 1 +h2) + (h2 +h3) + (h3 +h4) + (h4 +h,J]
d
A = 2(h, +2h 2 +2h3 +2h4 + hnl

h1 + hn ]
A = d [ 2 + h2 +h3 +h4 For the next two inteNal
d
A2 =3[h 3 +hs +4h 41
A=d [h hn +I,h]
1
;
hs = last offset
h1 = first offset
I,h=h2 +h3 +h 4 h2 and h4 = even offset
h3 = odd offset
I,h = sum of intermediate offsets.
d
A = 3 [(h , +hn) +2I,h odd +4 I,h even]
 5-177

AREAS Of IRREGUW BOUNDARIES

@ Trapezoidal Rule:

A =d [h 1 ; hn + h2 + h3 + h4 + hs + h6]
A series of perpendicular offsets were taken
.ftom a lralls~ ijne 10 a curved bOUllldaryline. d=9m .
These offsets were taken 9 meters apart and h1 =2m.
were taken .In the folQ.Wlng order: 2m., 3;2 m.,
hn = 7 m.
4 m., 15 m.,S in.4.5m~, 6 m., 7m,Deleml.ine
the area included between theJransilline and
the curved uSIng: ... . . ..
A = 9 [(2 ; 7) + 3.2 + 4 + 3.5 + 5 + 4.5 + 6]
A =9(30.7)
A = 276.3 sq.m.

@ Difference between Simpson's One Third

Rule and Trapezoidal Rule:
=276.3 - 270.9
= 504m 2

Solution: Shown 1n the accompanying sketch are the

CD Simpson's One Third Rule: measured offsets from a traverse line AB 10 an
.d irregular boundary and the spacing .between
A1 ="3 [h 1 + hn + 2 LfJcxJd + 4 LfJevenl
the offsets. Determine the area boUnded by the
d=9m. traverse line, the irregular boundary and the
h1 =2m. end offsets using: .
hn =6 m.
LfJOdd = 4 + 5
LfJodd= 9 m.
"Lheven =3.2 + 3.5 + 4.5
LfJeven = 11.2 m.

A1 = ~ [2 + 6 + 2(9) + 4(11.2)]
A1 "3(70.8) CD Trapezoidal RUle.
A1 "212.40 sq.m. Simpson's One· Third RUle.
A2 = (6; 7)9 Compute the difference between
Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson's One·
A2 = 58.8 sq.m. Third Rule.

Total area':: 212.40 + 58.5

Area =270,90 sq.m.
S-178

AREAS OF IRREGUlAR BOUNDARIES

Solution: Solution:
<D Trapezoidal Rule: <D Trapezoidal Rule:

2 Lh]
A=d [h 2 + h +

d=20
h1 = 12.22
hn = 10.35
Lh =11.32 + 8.82 +6.52 + 16.38
d Lh=43.04
A = 2" (h 1 + hn + 2 LhinlJ
6
A= 2" [5.60 + 2.70 + 2 (6.40 + 7.90 + 6.20 A= 20 [C 2.22 ; 10.35) + 43.04]
+ 7.50 + 9.50 + 12.30 + 10.80)1 A = 1086.50 sq.m.
A = 388.50m2
@ Simpson's One Third Rule:
@ Simpson's One-Third Rule:
(Treat the last area as trapezoid)
d
A = 3" (h 1 +hn + 2 Lhodd +4 Lheven) d
A1 = 3" [(h1 + hn) +2 Lhodd +4 Lhevenl
6
A =3" [5.60 + 2.70 + 2(7.90 + 7.50 + 12.30) h1 = 12.22
+ 4(6.40 + 6.20 + 9.50 + 10.80)] hn = 16.38 .
A = 390.60m2 d=20
Lhood=8.82
® Difference between Trapezoidal Rule and Lheven =11.32 + 6.52 =17.84
Simpson's One-Third Rule:
Difference in area = 390.60· 388.50 20
Difference in area = 2.1 m2 A1 =3" [12.22 + 16.38 + 2(8.82) + 4(17.84)] .
A1 = 784 sq.m.
(16.38 + 10.35) (20)
Ar . 2
A2 = 267.30 sq.m.

A =A 1 +A 2
A =784 + 267.30
A = 1051.30 sq.m.

® Difference in area:
Difference in area = 1086.50 • 1051.30
Difference in area = 35.20 m2