Kul-4. Tingkah Laku Udang American Crayfish

PHOTOTAXIS
IN AMERICAN CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

(GIRARD, 1852)
AHMADI
Fishing Technology Laboratory
Faculty of Fisheries, Kaghoshima University Japan
WHY AMERICAN CRAYFISH ?
Crayfish is important commercial species in USA

(Romaire, 1995), China (Huner, 1998) and Spain
(Ackefors, 1999).
In Japan, this species is considered as invasive pests
species because destroying native crayfish Cambaroides
japonicus and damaging the crop and the dikes in paddy
fields (Usio et al., 2007).
An effective low-cost harvesting method is needed.

OBJECTIVES
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Indoor experiment Outdoor experiment
- Crayfish, - Crayfish,
- Tanks, - Pond,
- Light source, - Traps, lamps, bait
- Measurements - Measurements
RESULTS / DISCUSSION
- Behavior response - Catch (postmoult)
- Light intensity, - Sex ratio, CL
- Possible applications
CONCLUSION
Kerosene lamp
51 cm
107 cm
Black tiger Penaeus monodon

5–6m
Fig.1. “Prayang”, stage traps equipped with a kerosene lamp

in a shrimp pond in Madura, East Java.
According to fisherman, tiger prawn has positive phototaxis to low intensity
but shows negative phototaxis to strong light.
American Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
1. Fernández-de-Miguel and Aréchiga (1992) : 0.016-1050 lx
(In the black Perspex chambers)
positively phototactic to 0.17–1.4 lx
a white light bulb
negatively phototactic above 5.6 lx
2. Kozak et al. (2007) : dark, 20, 100, 400, 1000 lx (in fiberglass trough)
Crayfish preferred the light of 1000 lx
The phototactic response in crayfish is inconsistent.

OBJECTIVES
1. To examine phototaxis in American crayfish

2. To examine trapping with lamps
OBJECTIVES

- Tanks, - Pond,
CONCLUSION
A
240 L B 15.5 L
Flashlight Flashlight
PVC tank (1904240cm) Glass tank (6021.519cm)
Water Specimen Animal

Temp (C) Group examined ADULT, sexually mature and
measuring 55 mm or more in total
24.5–28.0 -Cultured adult 10
length; JUVENILE, 1–3 months
-Cultured juvenile 10
old and less than 33.9 mm total
-Wild adult 10 length; and SECOND POST-
-Wild juvenile 14 EMBRYONIC, 10–14 days old and
16.0–20.0 -Second post 20 less than 11.8 mm total length
embryonic (Suko, 1953).
42 juv. 16 adult post molt
A. Magnitude of GR=［(No.of Cp) / (No.of crayfish in test)］×100

B. Magnitude of GR=［(No.of Cp – No. of Cn) / ( No.of crayfish in test)］×100
Fig. 2. Indoor experimental conditions

Light intensity from 4.5 W filtered flashlights:
46, 58, 111, 190, 312, 461, 659, 866, 1080, 1290 lx
1400
(16.3%)
1200
Light intensity (lx)

1000 (19.9%)
800 (23.9%)
600 (30.0%)
(32.4%)
400
(39.2%)
200 (41.4%)
IM-2D. Topcon Ltd. (47.7%) (21.3%)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Filter
Fig.3. Light sources and light intensities

used in the indoor experiments.
Incandescent lamp
Spectroradiometer HSR-8100 Kerosene lamp
6
(1013 photons/cm2/s)
5 Dimmed incandescent lamp

Light intensity
6-Volt Light
4
3 6-Volt Dim
2
Kerosene lamp
1
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Wavelength (nm)
IM-2D. Topcon Ltd
Table 1. Light transmissions emitted from
two 6-volt lamps at three different
conditions and various distances
(by Photometer LI-185B)
Distance between sensor and lamp (m)

Lamp
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
Light (E/m2/s)
- Air 13.50 5.80 2.10 1.10 0.75 0.65 0.55 0.30
- Clear water 9.80 2.90 1.40 0.80 0.75 0.60 0.50 0.30
- Turbid water 7.60 1.90 0.90 0.70 0.50 0.35 0.30 0.20
Dim (E/m2/s)
- Air 6.50 3.40 1.30 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10
- Clear water 1.95 0.70 0.35 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.03
- Turbid water 1.80 0.50 0.20 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01
Turbidity of clear water = 1 FTU and turbid water = 15 FTU

OBJECTIVES

- Crayfish - Crayfish
- Tanks - Pond,
- Light source - Traps, lamps, bait
CONCLUSION
(605025cm) = 400
2050 lx A. Lighted trap C. Baited trap

(Pacific mackerel)
1010 lx B. Dimmed trap D. Non baited trap
Pond (105.80.7m) Trap arrangements
A C
D B
Fig.4. Trapping Experiments: July November 2007

OBJECTIVES

- Tanks, - Pond,
- Behavior response - Catch (post-molt)
CONCLUSION
Indoor Experiments
ＡＢ
Flashlight
C D
Flashlight
Fig. 5. The crawling patterns of crayfish under

light stimulations
Table 1. Magnitude of group response (mean % ± SE) in
adults and juveniles during the control periods.
Magnitude of control group response (%)

Day time Night time
Crayfish
Without With Without With
shelter shelter shelter shelter
Cultured adult 6 ± 2.4 6 ± 4.0 8 ± 3.7 4 ± 8.9
Wild adult 4 ± 2.4 4 ± 2.4 10 ± 4.5 6 ± 2.4
Cultured juvenile 6 ± 4.0 4 ± 2.0 4 ± 2.4 2 ± 2.0
Wild juvenile 7 ± 2.3 3 ± 2.9 3 ± 1.8 1 ± 1.4
Table 2. Threshold light intensities and most effective
light intensities which induced highest positive
phototaxis in adults and juveniles.
Threshold light intensities (lx)
No shelter Shelter present
Crayfish
Day time Night time Day time Night time
-Cultured adult 312 *** *** ***
-Wild adult 111 *** 58 ***
-Cultured juvenile 46 46 58 46
-Wild juvenile 190 *** 659 46
*** , Threshold is not determined
Most effective light intensities (lx)
No shelter Shelter present
Crayfish Day time Night time Day time Night time
-Cultured adult 1,290 1,290 1,290 1,290
-Wild adult 1,290 1,080 1,080-1,290 1,290
-Cultured juvenile 1,290 1,290 866-1,290 866-1,290
-Wild juvenile 1,290 1,290 866-1,290 1,290
Cultured adult DAYTIME Wild adult
80
60
40
20 No shelter
NIGHTTIME
C With shelter
Cultured adult Wild adult
Group response (%)
80
60
40 Control:
20
without light
Cultured juvenile DAYTIME Wild juvenile Threshold

80 light intensity
60
Most effective
40
light intensity
20
NIGHTIME
80 Cultured juvenile Wild juvenile
60
40
20
C 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 C 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Light intensity (lx)
Fig. 6. Group response (mean%±SE) of adults & juveniles to the lights
DAY TIME
C 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
0
-10
-20 Without shelter
Group response (%)

-30 With shelter
 111 lx -40
Control:
-50 without light
NIGHT TIME
C 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
0
-10
=
-20
 46 lx -30
-40
-50 Light intensity (lx)
Fig.7. Group response (mean%±SE) of the second post-

embryonic crayfish during the control (C) without light
and at different light intensities.
OBJECTIVES

- Tanks, - Pond,
- Light intensity, - Sex ratio, CL, …
CONCLUSION
Table 3. Total number of catch in each trap treatment.
Experiment No. of Catch
(water temp.) trials Traps
Male Female Total
I 4 Lighted 33 36 69
(28.0 - 29.5C) Dimmed 35 27 62
II 10 Lighted 22 (1) 11 33 b
(29.0 - 28.0C)
Dimmed 20 15 35 b
Baited 111 (4) 68 179 ** a
Non-baited 19 (1) 11 30 b
III 10 Lighted 50(4) 43 (4) 93 ** a

(28.5 - 26.0C)
Dimmed 26 25 51 * b
Non-baited 23 7 30 c
IV 11 Lighted 21 22 43
(26.5 - 18.5C) Dimmed 32 12 44
Non-baited 25 10 35
TOTAL 35 417(10) 287(4) 704
•Significantly different between a, b and c. * p<0.05; ** p<0.01.
•The bracketed numbers indicate number of post-molt crayfish
(1–2 days after molt).
SEX RATIO
Species Methods Habitats Sex ratio
(M:F)
The American crayfish Light traps / Pond 1.60:1 Ahmadi et al.,
(Procambarus clarkii) baited trap 2008
The rusty crayfish Baited traps Lakes 1.86:1 Hein et al., 2007
(Orconectes rusticus)
The noble crayfish Baited traps Rivers 1.77:1 Faller et al., 2006
(Astacus astacus)
The white-claws crayfish Baited traps Rivers 1.93:1 Gallagher et al.,
(Austropotamobius pallipes) 2005
The signal crayfish Baited traps Rivers 1:0.67 Reeve, 2004
(Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Crayfish Fyke-nets Lake 1.87:1 Balik et al., 2005
(Astacus leptodactylus)
Lighted trap Dimmed trap Baited trap Non-baited trap
60 MALE 60 FEMALE
55 55
Carapace length (mm)

50 50
45 45
40 40
35 35
30 30
25 25
20 I II III IV 20 I II III IV
Experiments
Fig.8. Mean carapace length (mm) and range of male & female
crayfish captured by traps in first to fourth experiments.
Light traps Baited trap Non-baited trap
Lighted Dimmed
N=25 N=24 N=47 N=16
M:F=1:1 M:F=1:1 M:F=1.3:1 M:F=4:1
Fig.9. The highest catch harvested following

different method of trapping
OBJECTIVES

- Tanks, - Pond,
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
•The adults and juveniles American crayfish were
positively phototaxis to the lights. Whereas the second
post-embryonic crayfish were negatively phototaxis.
•The Light traps significantly caught crayfish compared to
the non baited trap, while the baited trap was superior to
other luring methods.
•The Light traps can be used to harvest post-molt crayfish.
•Both the light traps and the baited trap were highly biased
to catch more males than females.
RECOMMENDATION
The use of combination of the baited traps, the
light traps and some other methods developed
for capturing post-embryonic crayfish. By this
combination, the invasive crayfish at different
growth stages could be captured for eradication
purposes.
The Publisher: Lambert Academic Publishing, Romanian

Kul-4. Tingkah Laku Udang American Crayfish

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kul-4. Tingkah Laku Udang American Crayfish

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PHOTOTAXIS

IN AMERICAN CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

Crayfish is important commercial species in USA

An effective low-cost harvesting method is needed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Black tiger Penaeus monodon

Fig.1. “Prayang”, stage traps equipped with a kerosene lamp

positively phototactic to 0.17–1.4 lx

a white light bulb

negatively phototactic above 5.6 lx

The phototactic response in crayfish is inconsistent.

1. To examine phototaxis in American crayfish

MATERIALS AND METHODS

PVC tank (1904240cm) Glass tank (6021.519cm)

Water Specimen Animal

A. Magnitude of GR=［(No.of Cp) / (No.of crayfish in test)］×100

Fig. 2. Indoor experimental conditions

Light intensity (lx)

Fig.3. Light sources and light intensities

Spectroradiometer HSR-8100 Kerosene lamp

5 Dimmed incandescent lamp

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Distance between sensor and lamp (m)

Turbidity of clear water = 1 FTU and turbid water = 15 FTU

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2050 lx A. Lighted trap C. Baited trap

1010 lx B. Dimmed trap D. Non baited trap

Pond (105.80.7m) Trap arrangements

Fig.4. Trapping Experiments: July November 2007

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fig. 5. The crawling patterns of crayfish under

Magnitude of control group response (%)

Cultured juvenile DAYTIME Wild juvenile Threshold

-20 Without shelter

Group response (%)

-50 Light intensity (lx)

Fig.7. Group response (mean%±SE) of the second post-

MATERIALS AND METHODS

III 10 Lighted 50(4) 43 (4) 93 ** a

Carapace length (mm)

N=25 N=24 N=47 N=16

M:F=1:1 M:F=1:1 M:F=1.3:1 M:F=4:1

Fig.9. The highest catch harvested following

MATERIALS AND METHODS

You might also like