‫ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻦ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ‬

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‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‪  ‬‬
‫‪ 4‬‬ ‫اﻷﻫﺪاف‪  ‬‬

‫‪ 5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 6‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ )اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ(‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 8‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 9‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﺮط ﺗﻨﺎول اﻷدوﻳﺔ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 10‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 11‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺨﻄﺮة‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 12‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 24‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‪ ‬‬

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 ‫اﻷﻫﺪاف‪ ‬‬

‫● اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت وأﺛﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪  .‬‬

‫● ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﺪاع وأﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪ :‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ وأﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي وﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬‬

‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‪  :‬‬

‫■ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ )اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ(‪ .‬‬

‫■ ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬‬

‫■ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﺮط ﺗﻨﺎول اﻷدوﻳﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫■ ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫‪ .3‬زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﺪاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺰوﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﺮق ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﺐء اﻟﻤﺮض‪ .‬‬

‫● اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﺮة ﻟﻠﺼﺪاع وﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫● اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺌﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‪ .‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻫﻮ أﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮأس‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﺮأس أو ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺮأس‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴﺎ أو أن ﻳﻜﻮن‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ أﻟﻢ ﺣﺎد أو إﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻨﺒﺾ أو أﻟﻢ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺼﺪاع‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪة أﻳﺎم‪ .‬‬

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‫● ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪى اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮات إﻟﻰ أن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ )ﻋﺮض واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ( ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ .٪50‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﺻﻴﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أرﺑﺎع اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﺮاوح أﻋﻤﺎرﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 18‬و‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء اﻷﻓﺮاد ‪ ،‬اﺷﺘﻜﻰ ‪ ٪30‬أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ً 65‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪ اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻋﻤﺎر‪ ‬‬
‫واﻷﺟﻨﺎس وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺪﺧﻞ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬‬
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‫اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻟﻪ أﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻢ ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺐء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﻣﺮاض ‪-‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‪ ‬‬
‫‪ٌ -2013‬وﺟﺪ أن اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ وﺣﺪه ﻫﻮ ﺳﺎدس أﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﺛﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ )‪ ،(YLD‬أﻣﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻓﺤﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎً ‪ .‬‬
‫واﺿﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﺎة اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮض اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع ً‬
‫ﻋﺒﺌﺎ‬
‫وﺗﺪﻫﻮر ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة‪ ،‬واﻟﺨﻮف اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ ‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ إﻟﻰ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ ﻟﺪى اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ اﻟﻔﺮد ﻷﻣﺮاض أﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ واﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎب أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻷﺻﺤﺎء‪ .‬‬
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‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﺻﺪاع ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄي ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺦ وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ أو ﺑﺄي ﺧﻠﻞ أﻳﻀﻲ )اﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻲ( ﻓﻲ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ أﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ وأﻣﺮاض أﺧﺮى‪ .‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮدي‪ ‬‬
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‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ أﻳﻀﻴﺔ )اﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻴﺔ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ؛‪ ‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ ﺻﺪاع ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺨﻠﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ أو‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن أﺣﺪ أﻋﺮاض ﻣﺮض ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ‪ .‬‬
‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺠﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﺎﻏﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم‪ ،‬اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮض ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻷﺣﺪ اﻷدوﻳﺔ… وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ )اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ(‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ )اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ(؟‪ ‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﺑﺎت ﺻﺪاع ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﺮاوح اﻷﻟﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ إﻟﻰ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺸﻌﻮر ﻣﺜﻞ "اﻟﻨﺒﺾ"‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ اﻷﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺼﻒ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮأس ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻣﻦ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ إﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‪ .‬‬
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‫● ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪى ﺷﻴﻮع اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ؟‪ ‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬اﻟﻨﺴﺎء أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ واﺳﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻛﺜﺎﻟﺚ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ أي ﻓﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ؟‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوف إﻟﻰ اﻵن‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻷوﻋﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬اﻷﻋﺼﺎب أو ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻮراﺛﺔ ‪-‬اﻟﺠﻴﻨﺎت‪ -‬دور ﻷن اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼت‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎﻫﻲ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ وﻣﺎﻫﻲ اﻷﻋﺮاض اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﺑﺪون ﻫﺎﻟﺔ )اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ(‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا وﻳﺰداد‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻻ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أﻟﻤﺎ ً‬
‫ﻧﺎﺑﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮأس‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻮن اﻷﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ً‬
‫ﺳﻮءا ﻣﻊ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻣﻦ ‪ 4‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 72‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ إذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻼﺟﻪ‪ .‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﻻ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﻬﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﺑﻬﺎﻟﺔ )اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻲ(‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎب ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﺑﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‪ ‬‬
‫أﻋﺮاض اﻟﻬﺎﻟﺔ رؤﻳﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺘﻤﻮﺟﺔ أو وﻣﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء أو ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﻋﺮاض اﻷﺧﺮى ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺧﺰ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻛﻞ أﻋﺮاض ﻫﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 60‬دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺼﺪاع ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ‪ :‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء‪ ،‬أو اﻷﺻﻮات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮواﺋﺢ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫وﻫﺎدﺋﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺜﻴﺎن أو اﻟﺘﻘﻲء‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

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 ‫● ﻫﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ؟‪ ‬‬
‫إﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮم‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮﻳﺔ أو أﺷﻌﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻚ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻲ و أداء ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻗﺪ ﻳﻠﺠﺄ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت‪ ‬‬
‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎد أﺳﺒﺎب ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺼﺪاع‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻼج اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼج ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ وﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﻋﺮاض‪ ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷدوﻳﺔ وﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ .‬‬
‫ﺟﺪا أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻣﻊ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻼج ﺧﺎص ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻚ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ً‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﺮح ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻢ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻷﻟﻢ أو أدوﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﺮاض اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﻮم أو اﻻﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﻫﺎدﺋﺔ‪  .‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺤﺎول ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر ﺑﻤﻔﺮدك ﺑﺄدوﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻦ اﻷﻟﻢ ﺑﺪون وﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‪ ‬‬ ‫💡‬
‫ﻳﺆدي ﺗﻨﺎول ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻢ ﺑﺪون وﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻧﺘﻜﺎس اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ وزﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﺑﺎت‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ؟ وﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺒﻪ؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﺮح ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ أدوﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪  .‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺟﺪا‪ .‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات‪ .‬اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑـ "ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﺼﺪاع" أو "ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ اﻟﺼﺪاع" ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ً‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﺻﺪاع ﻧﺼﻔﻲ وﻣﺎ أﻛﻠﺘﻪ وﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ‪ .‬وﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك أي ﺷﻲء ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻛﻞ أو ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺬي ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺘﻪ وﻣﺎ إذا‪ ‬‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل أم ﻻ‪ .‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﺰات اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ أو اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﻲ؛ ﺗﺼﺎب ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ أو ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﺗﺨﻄﻲ وﺟﺒﺎت أو ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎول ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻄﻘﺲ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ أو اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫اﻷﺿﻮاء اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ أو اﻟﻮﻣﻴﺾ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮوﺑﺎت أو أﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﺟﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﻴﻦ أو اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ً‬ ‫○‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻃﺮﻗﺎ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ‪ ‬‬ ‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة أو ﺷﺪﻳﺪة ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻘﺘﺮح ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء وﻃﺮق إدارة اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬‬

‫‪7 ‬‬
 ‫ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ ‬‬
‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ؟‪ ‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﻞ رﺑﺎط‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﻌﻮر ﺑـ "اﻟﻀﻐﻂ"‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ً‬
‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻧﻮﺑﺎت ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻟﺒﻀﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻌﺪة‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮل اﻟﺮأس ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬
‫أﻳﺎم‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪى ﺷﻴﻮﻋﻪ؟‪ ‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎره ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻮم اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٪30‬و ‪ ٪78‬وﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺤﺪث‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺤﺪث ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ً 15‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮي اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ً 15‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬﺮ وﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ٪3-1‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺧﻼل ﺳﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﺮاﻫﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻳﺼﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻫﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺼﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ؟‪ ‬‬

‫إﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮم ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮﻳﺔ أو أﺷﻌﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻚ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻲ و أداء ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻗﺪ ﻳﻠﺠﺄ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎد أﺳﺒﺎب ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺼﺪاع‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻼﺟﻪ وﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاع ﺑﺎﻷدوﻳﺔ وﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺟﺪا أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻼج اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻼج ﺧﺎص ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻚ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ً‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﻠﺠﻮء ﻟﻤﺴﻜﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺤﺎول ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر ﺑﻤﻔﺮدك ﺑﺄدوﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻦ اﻷﻟﻢ ﺑﺪون وﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺆدي‪ ‬‬ ‫💡‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎول ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻢ ﺑﺪون وﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻧﺘﻜﺎس اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ وزﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ .‬‬
‫ﺟﺪا‪ .‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات‪ .‬اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑـ "ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﺼﺪاع" أو "ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ اﻟﺼﺪاع" ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ً‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﺻﺪاع ﻧﺼﻔﻲ وﻣﺎ أﻛﻠﺘﻪ وﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ‪ .‬وﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك أي ﺷﻲء ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻛﻞ أو ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺬي ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺘﻪ وﻣﺎ إذا‪ ‬‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل أم ﻻ‪ .‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﺰات اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ أو اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ أو اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮوﺑﺎت أو أﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء واﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﺮط اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوﻳﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪاع "اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﺮط اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوﻳﺔ"‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﺮط اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ ‬‬
‫ووﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻗﻈﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻣﻊ زوال اﻟﺪواء‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت واﻷﻋﺮاض اﻷﺧﺮى‪ :‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺜﻴﺎن‪ ‬‬
‫اﻷرق‪  ‬‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‪ ‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺰﻋﺎج‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪى ﺷﻴﻮﻋﻪ؟‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﺼﺪاع ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ‪ ٪5‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ‪ ،‬وﻳﺼﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻷدوﻳﺔ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎول دواء اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ دواء ﻟﻠﺼﺪاع أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ‪ .‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻮﺗﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﺎل ‪ butalbital‬أو اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻷﻓﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ ‪ .opioids‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪاع "اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ"‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺮاﻏﺎت ﻣﻤﻠﻮءة ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮاء داﺧﻞ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻚ وﻋﻈﺎم وﺟﻨﺘﻴﻚ وﺧﻠﻒ ﺟﺴﺮ أﻧﻔﻚ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺘﻬﺐ ﻋﺎدة‪ ‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ رد ﻓﻌﻞ ﺗﺤﺴﺴﻲ أو ﻋﺪوى ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻔﺦ‪ ،‬وﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺎط‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺴﺪ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﻬﺎ‪ .‬‬
‫أﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ .‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ ً‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻋﺮاض اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻟﻢ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ وﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻈﺎم وﺟﻨﺘﻴﻚ أو ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻚ أو ﺟﺴﺮ أﻧﻔﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﺰداد اﻷﻟﻢ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺮك رأﺳﻚ ﻓﺠﺄة‪ ‬‬
‫أو ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ أﻋﺮاض أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻼن اﻷﻧﻒ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻼء أذﻧﻴﻚ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﺣﻤﻰ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫ﺗﻮرم ﻓﻲ وﺟﻬﻚ‪ .‬‬ ‫○‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﻋﻼج ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺠﻴﻮب اﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻬﺪف ﻋﺎدة ﻫﻮ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻷﻋﺮاض وﻋﻼج اﻟﻌﺪوى إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪ .‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻀﺎدات اﻟﻬﻴﺴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ أو ﻣﺰﻳﻼت اﻻﺣﺘﻘﺎن ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪ ‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺰﻳﻼت اﺣﺘﻘﺎن اﻷﻧﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 3‬أﻳﺎم ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪ ‬‬
‫اﻷﻃﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ اﻷﻋﺮاض‪ .‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺨﻄﺮة!‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻃﺎرﺋﺔ وﻻ ﺗﻬﺪد اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺼﺪاع أﺣﺪ أﻋﺮاض اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮة‪ ‬‬

‫ﻓﻮرا إذا ﻛﺎن‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺪوى أو اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب أو اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ داﺧﻞ أو ﺣﻮل اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻠﺠﺄ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ً‬
‫ﺻﺪاﻋﻚ‪ :‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺛﻮان أو دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ "أﺳﻮأ ﺻﺪاع ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ"‪ ‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮن‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﺠﺄة ‪ ،‬وﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫🚩‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪا وﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة أو ﺗﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫🚩 ﻳﻜﻮن‬

‫🚩 ﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﺻﺮع أو ﺗﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ أو ارﺗﺒﺎك أو إﻏﻤﺎء‪ .‬‬

‫🚩 ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺸﺎق أو اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫🚩 ﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ ﺿﻌﻒ أو ﺗﻨﻤﻴﻞ أو ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻋﺮاض ﻓﻲ‪ ‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻋﺮاض‪ .‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‪ .‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاع ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻣﻞ أو أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ً 40‬‬‫🚩‬
‫🚩 ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎد‪ .‬‬

‫🚩 اﻟﺼﺪاع واﻷﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﺠﺒﻬﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫🚩 اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن أو ﺿﻌﻒ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫🚩 اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺎت اﻷﻟﻢ )اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوﻳﺔ( أو دواء ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ .‬‬

‫🚩‬
‫ﺻﺪاع ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء أو اﻟﺠﻠﻮس‪ .‬‬

‫🚩 اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺬي ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮﻗﻈﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮم‪ .‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫إﻳﻼﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن‪ ‬‬

‫ً‬ ‫إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪاع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ أو ﻣﺘﻜﺮر ‪ ،‬أو ﺻﺪاع ﻳﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬أو أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺼﺪاع أﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺮى ﻣﻘﺪم اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ!‪ ‬‬

‫‪11 ‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻀﻌﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﺎﻃﺊ أم ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟ ﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎرات اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‪ ‬‬
‫ﻧﺎدرا ﻣﺎ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺼﺪاع إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺐ وإﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﺼﺪاع ً‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ وﺣﺪه‪ .‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ اﻷﻋﺮاض ﻟﺪى ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع و ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● إذا ﻛﻨﺖ أﻋﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪاع ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻫﺬا ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم؟‪ ‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﻮارئ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم )‪ 180/120‬أو أﻋﻠﻰ( ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن ﻫﺬا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ أو ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮض ﺻﺎﻣﺖ وﻋﺎدة ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻼ‪ ‬‬
‫أﻋﺮاض‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫● ﻫﻞ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺑﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻼج اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪرس أي ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪاع‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺧﻲ اﻟﺤﺬر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻬﺬه اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ .‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺤﺎول اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬‬

‫● ﻫﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻣﻘﻠﻘﺔ وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ رﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻃﺎرﺋﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺼﺪاع "ﺣﻤﻴﺪة"‪ .‬ﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺿﺎرة أو ﺧﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻫﻲ‪ ‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻃﺎرﺋﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺒﻬﺎً ﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬

‫● ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاع؟ وﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺎرﺋﺔ؟‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﺪاع ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﺷﺎﺋﻊ وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺼﺎب اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﺑﺄﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪاع ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺼﺪاع اﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ أو ﺻﺪاع اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ً‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪاع ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺄﻋﺮاض اﻟﺨﻄﺮ إذا أﺻﻴﺐ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﻫﺎ واﻟﻠﺠﻮء إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺎرﺋﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪12 ‬‬
English​ Version

13 
 Table of Contents 
 

Objectives  15 

Preface  16 

Migraine  17 

Tension-type Headache  19 

Medication Overuse Headache  20 

Sinus Headache  21 

Red Flags of Headache  22 

Common Misconceptions  23 

References  24 

14 
 Objectives 

● To educate the public about the nature of headache including: definition, 

epidemiology, its impact and burden on health. 

● Classification & types of headache: 

1. To explain the classification of headaches (primary & secondary) and to 

including possible etiologies, how to recognize and distinguish between 

them. 

2. To elaborate on common primary headaches: 

■ Migraine. 

■ Tension type headache. 

■ Medication overuse headache. 

■ Sinus headache. 

3. To raise awareness about preventative measures and to provide methods 

to alleviate the burden of disease. 

● To recognize and be familiar with the red flags and to known when to seek 

medical attention. 

● To answer common misconceptions about headache in our society. 

15 
 Preface 
● What is “headache”? 
Headache is pain in any region of the head. Headaches may occur on one or both sides of the 
head, be isolated to a certain location or radiate across the head. 
A headache may appear as a sharp pain, a throbbing sensation or a dull ache. Headaches can 
develop gradually or suddenly, and may last from less than an hour to several days. 
 

● How common is it? 

Globally, it has been estimated that prevalence among adults of current headache disorder 
(symptomatic at least once within the last year) is about 50%. Half to three quarters of adults 
aged 18–65 years in the world have had headache in the last year and, among those individuals, 
30% or more have reported migraine. Despite regional variations, headache disorders are a 
worldwide problem, affecting people of all ages, races, income levels and geographical areas. 
 

Not only is headache painful, but it is also disabling. In the Global Burden of Disease Study, 
updated in 2013, migraine on its own was found to be the sixth highest cause worldwide of 
years lost due to disability (YLD). Headache disorders collectively were third highest. Headache 
disorders impose a recognizable burden on sufferers including sometimes substantial personal 
suffering, impaired quality of life and financial cost. Repeated headache attacks, and often the 
constant fear of the next one, damage family life, social life and employment. The long-term 
effort of coping with a chronic headache disorder may also predispose the individual to other 
illnesses. For example, anxiety and depression are significantly more common in people with 
migraine than in healthy individuals. 
 

● What are the different types of headache? 

1. Primary headache  
Headaches not related to any structural or metabolic abnormality. 
Example: ​migraine, tension type headache, cluster headache. 
2. Secondary headache 
Headaches related to structural or metabolic abnormality that means headache may be a 
symptom of a particular disease. 
Example: ​sinusitis, stroke, hypoglycemia, anemia, eye disorders, medication side effect...etc

16 
 Migraine 
● What is “migraine”?
Migraine is the most common primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent headaches that are 
moderate to severe. It feels like throbbing pain (pulsating in nature), Which typically affects one side of 
the head, but can affect both sides. It may last for several hours. 
 

● How common is it? 

It is high in prevalence, it was ranked as the third most prevalent disorder in the world, Women are three 
times more affected than men, and it usually begins in early adulthood, but can occur at any age. 
 

● What causes migraine? 

The underlying cause is still unknown, but there are theories that it might be something to do with: blood 
vessels, nerves, and chemicals in the brain. Genetics might have a role since migraines can run in families. 
 

● What are the types of migraine and what are the associated symptoms? 
1. Migraine without aura (common migraine): 
This type of migraine causes a throbbing pain on one side of the head. The pain is moderate to severe and 
gets worse with normal physical activity. The headache lasts 4 to 72 hours if it is not treated. A common 
migraine doesn’t begin with an aura. 
 
2. Migraine with aura (classic migraine):  
Some people with migraines get an aura up to 30 minutes before they have a migraine. Symptoms of the 
aura include seeing wavy lines, flashing lights, or objects that look distorted. Other symptoms include 
tingling or a”pins-and-needles”feeling. each individual aura symptom lasts 5 to 60 
minutes. 
 
+ Along with headache, patients might experience: 
Increased sensitivity to light, noise, smells, which typically ease after rest in a dark and quiet room. 
Nausea or vomiting. 
 

● Is there a test for migraines? 

No. There is no test. But your doctor should be able to tell if you have migraines by doing an exam and 
learning about your symptoms. Sometimes it is needed to rule out other possible causes of headache. 

17 
 
● How is migraine treated?  
To this day, there is no cure for migraine. However, it can be managed and controlled with medications 
and lifestyle modification. There are many different medicines that can help with migraines. Your doctor 
can help you find the best treatment for your situation. It is very important to have an established 
relationship with your doctor. Your doctor might suggest pain killerss to ease the pain or medications to 
control other symptoms. When a migraine occurs, sleeping or lying down in a dark and quiet room can 
help. 
💡 Do not try to treat frequent headaches on your own with non-prescription pain medicines. Taking 
non-prescription pain medicines too often can actually cause more headaches later. 
 

● How to prevent future attacks? What to avoid? 

- Your doctor might suggest medications for preventing future attacks.  
- The most important thing is to avoid triggers. Keeping a “headache diary” or "headache calendar” is very 
helpful. In the calendar, write down every time you have a migraine and what you ate and did before it 
started. That way you can find out if there is anything you should avoid eating or doing. You can also write 
down what medicine you took and whether or not it helped. 
- Common migraine triggers include: 
○ Stress. 
○ Hormonal changes; some women get migraines just before or during their period. 
○ Skipping meals or not eating enough. 
○ Changes in the weather. 
○ Sleeping too much or too little. 
○ Bright or flashing lights. 
○ Certain drinks or foods. 
○ Having too little or too much caffeine 
- If your migraines are frequent or severe, your doctor can suggest others ways to help prevent them. For 
example, it might help to learn relaxation techniques and ways to manage stress. 

18 
 Tension-type Headache 
● What is “tension headache”?
Tension type headache is one of the most common primary headache disorders. Described as pressure or 
tightness, often like a band around the head, sometimes spreading into or from the neck. Tension 
headache attacks usually last a few hours, but can persist for several days.  
 

● How common is it? 

It’s prevalence in the general population ranges in different studies between 30% and 78%. It has a high 
socio-economic impact.​ Episodic tension headaches​ occur on fewer than 15 days per month, but ​chronic 
tension headaches ​occur on more than 15 days per month and it affects 1-3% of adults. Tension 
headache begins during the teenage years, affecting women more than men. 
 

● Is there a test for tension headache? 

Similarly to migraine, tension type headache does not require additional tests. 
 

● How is it treated and how to prevent future attacks?  

- Similar to migraine, it can be managed and controlled with medications and lifestyle modification. There 
are many different medicines that can help with headache. Your doctor can help you find the best 
treatment for your situation. It is very important to have an established relationship with your doctor. 
Over-the-counter pain killers could help with the headache. 
💡 Do not try to treat frequent headaches on your own with non-prescription pain medicines. Taking 
non-prescription pain medicines too often can actually cause more headaches later. 
- The most important thing is to avoid triggers. Keeping a “headache diary” or "headache calendar” is very 
helpful. In the calendar, write down every time you have a migraine and what you ate and did before it 
started. That way you can find out if there is anything you should avoid eating or doing. You can also write 
down what medicine you took and whether or not it helped. 
- Common triggers include: 
○ Stressful events. 
○ Sleeping too much or too little. 
○ Certain drinks or foods. 
○ Having too little or too much caffeine.
- Relaxation techniques such as: deep breathing can help to relax and prevent tension headaches. 

19 
 Medication Overuse Headache 
● What is “medication overuse headache”?
Medication overuse headache develops secondary to medications used to treat primary headaches. 
Occurs nearly every day, often waking you in the early morning. Improve with pain relief medication but 
then return as your medication wears off.  
 
+ Other signs and symptoms may include: 
Nausea 
Restlessness 
Difficulty concentrating 
Memory problems 
Irritability 
 

● How common is it? 

Medication overuse headache is the most common secondary headache disorder. Caused by chronic and 
excessive use of medication to treat headache, it may affect 5% of the population, and it’s affected 
women more than men. 
 

● How to prevent it?  

To help prevent medication overuse headaches: 
- Take your headache medication as prescribed. 
- If you need headache medication more than twice a week, contact your doctor. 
- Avoid medications that contain butalbital or opioids. 

 
 

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 Sinus Headache 
● What is “sinus” headache?
Your sinuses are air-filled spaces inside your forehead, cheekbones, and behind the bridge of your nose. 
When they get inflamed usually because of an allergic reaction or an infection, they swell, make more 
mucus, and the channels that drain them can get blocked. The build-up of pressure in your sinuses causes 
pain that feels like a headache. 
 

● What are the symptoms? 

You’ll feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose. The pain 
usually gets stronger when you move your head suddenly or strain. At the same time, you might have 
other sinus symptoms, such as: 
○ A runny nose. 
○ Feeling of fullness in your ears. 
○ Fever. 
○ Swelling in your face. 
 

● What is the treatment?  

The goal is usually to relieve your symptoms and treat an infection if you have one.  
You might take antibiotics, as well as antihistamines or decongestants for a short time. You can also use 
inhaled nasal decongestants, but only for up to 3 days. Longer use can make your symptoms worse. 

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 Red Flags of Headache! 
The vast majority of headaches are not life threatening. However, headache can be a symptom of 

serious conditions affecting the brain, such as infection, inflammation, or bleeding within or around the 

brain. You should seek medical attention immediately if your headache: 

🚩 Comes on suddenly, becomes severe within a few seconds or minutes, or that could be described 
as "the worst headache of your life." 

🚩 Is severe and occurs with a fever or stiff neck. 

🚩 Occurs with a seizure, personality changes, confusion, or passing out. 
🚩 Begins quickly after strenuous exercise or minor injury. 
🚩 Is new and occurs with weakness, numbness, or difficulty seeing. While migraine headaches can 
sometimes cause these symptoms, you should be evaluated urgently the first time these 

symptoms appear. 

🚩 You have new headaches, especially if you are pregnant or older than 40. 
🚩 A major change in the pattern of your headaches. 
🚩 Headaches that are accompanied by pain and tenderness near the temples. 
🚩 Headaches in patients with cancer or impaired immune systems. 
🚩 Painkiller (analgesic) overuse (medication overuse headache) or new drug at onset of headache. 
🚩 Positional headache. 
🚩 Headaches that come on abruptly, especially if they wake you up. 
 

If you have persistent or frequent headaches, headaches that interfere with normal activities, or your 

headaches become more painful, you should see a healthcare provider during normal office hours! 

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 Common Misconceptions 
● Headaches associated with refractive errors: myth or reality? Can prescription 
glasses get rid of the headache?
Patients frequently attribute headaches to tiredness and eye strain. However, some studies suggest that 
headaches is rarely due to refractive error alone (change in vision). Nevertheless, correcting vision may 
improve symptoms in some of the patients with headache and refractive error. 
 

● If I have a headache, it is because of increased blood pressure? 

While this can be true in the case of a hypertensive emergency (180/120 mm Hg or higher), it is not true 
for typical types of headache such as migraine or tension-type headache. High blood pressure is a silent/ 
symptomless disease. 
 

● Are alternative treatment methods such as acupuncture, cupping and traditional 

cautery effective for the treatment of headaches? 
Although these methods are widely used, no current available scientific research has studied its 
effectiveness in the management of headaches. Caution should be exercised when doing such 
approaches, especially for patients with multiple health issues. It is recommended you discuss this with 
your doctor before you attempt to do so. 
 

● Are all headaches worrisome and require medical attention? 

Most of headaches are "benign." That means they aren't harmful or dangerous to you. However, some 
headaches are a sign of a serious condition which requires an emergency evaluation. Be attentive to the 
redflags of headache, as mentioned before. 
 

● Do children experience headache? And Is it serious? 

Headaches in children are common and usually aren't serious. Like adults, children can develop different 
types of headaches, including migraines or stress-related (tension) headaches. Children can also have 
chronic daily headaches. Be aware of red flag symptoms if your child develops one.

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 References ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬   

 
● The third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 
(ICHD-3):  
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0333102417738202  
https://ihs-headache.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ICHD-3-Pocket-versio
n.pdf  
 
● WHO, Headache disorders: 
https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders  
 
 
 :‫ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻲ‬،‫● وزارة اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
https://www.moh.gov.sa/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/Diseases/Nerv
ous-system/Pages/002.aspx  
 
 :‫● ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﷲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
https://kaahe.org/ar-sa/Pages/Disease/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%
A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9.aspx  
 
● UpToDate: Patient Education. 
 
 

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