PROBLEM STATEMENT Bio-digester is a consortium of anaerobic

bacteria, which have been screened and

Improper usage of toilets and sanitation
facilities by rural household provided by the
government under Swatch Bharat Abhiyan.
The government of India constructed about 10.9
crore individual household latrines (IHHLs) with
the main aim to make the rural areas of the
country open defecation free. Under SBM (G), the
incentive for construction of IHHL was enhanced
upto Rs.12,000 to provide for water storage
facility for hand-washing and cleaning of the
toilet. Despite the facilities provided by the
government, people still do not use the toilets
and rather defecate in open areas leading to
several health problems and an unhealthy
environment. It doesn’t just harm the person
involved but the whole community. The objective
for which the facilities were provided seems to
be failing and needs a solution for saving the
people from the health hazards and improving
their living conditions.
Problem – The problem lies in the improper
usage of toilets and defecating in open by people
in rural india especially. The reason behind it
might be the lack of awareness among people,
ignorant behaviour and myths, stereotypes,
improper waste management after toilets use,
lack of water supply or no regular maintenance.
Be it any of the mentioned reason, it doesn’t give
us a reason to ignore the problem. Hence
suggestive measures need to be taken.
PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
IEC ( information, education and communication)
campaigns for teenagers and women.
Construction of Bio Toilets.
gradually adapted to work at temperatures as
low as -5°C through the isolation of psychrophilic
bacteria from Antarctica/Siachen. These convert
the organic waste into water, methane and CO2.
The anaerobic process inactivates the pathogens
responsible for water-borne diseases. Bio-
digesters serve as reaction vessels for bio-
methanation and provide anaerobic conditions
and the required temperature for the bacteria.
The following are the primary methods of human
waste management or treatment:
Pit latrine - collects human waste in a "pit" that
has to be periodically emptied. The waste is
either treated centrally or dumped in the ground.
The former consumes energy in transportation
and treatment, whereas the latter contaminates
the environment and ground water. Septic tank
retains the human waste, and is also periodically
emptied and cleaned, emits foul smell and any
leakage harms the groundwater. The other major
practice is of hugely built sewage treatment
facilities (commonly called STPs). The human
waste is transported via sewer lines to the
central facility and treated using colossal
amounts of energy.
Bio-toilets, in contrast, treat the human waste at
source – obviating the need to carry/transport
the fecal matter, no spoiling of environment or
groundwater, and don't need any energy. With no
heavy infrastructure required – the bioloo eases
the burden on government bodies. Then, there
are other benefits of the bioloo. The system
leaves pathogen-free water as effluent that can
be re-used. For large bio-tanks, methane can be
collected and used. These can be installed
anywhere, without specification of land type,
terrain, distance, etc.

Bio Toilets : The bio-toilet consists of an easy to

install super-structure, a multi-chambered
matriced bio-tank that holds the bacterial culture
and supports the treatment of human waste. The
system doesn’t need any external energy for
treatment, rather gives out pathogen-free
effluent water that is apt for gardening and
similar purposes; and biogas that could be used
for cooking or heating. The system meets all
regulatory and environmentally compliances and
enhances the socio-environmental fabric of
India. Moreover, the bio-digester technology was
initially developed by Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) for the
defence personnel. The enterprise is pioneering
this, in an integrated approach, and taking this
effective and innovative sanitation solution to the
civil population with varying applications.
 MISSION
INVESTMENT
TO ENSURE USAGE
The initial investment would be rather high if the
OF PUBLIC government plans to replace normal toilets with bio
SANITARY toilets but the benefit driven would be far more
FACILITIES AND advantageous.
IMPROVE Since the people in rural india would also be
SUSTAINABILITY benefitted with compost, it is a win win situation. It
will also ensure that people use the sanitary
facilities provided to them and save themselves
from serious health bills.

People might be interested in following bio

toilets because it provides compost that they
could possibly use in their farms saving them
the money to buy it from the market.
Second awareness should be the utmost focus
point specially for teenagers and women.
Explaining them the health hazards might be
an important step as well in the whole process.