FALCON SCHOOL

Dahlia Avenue, West Fairview, Quezon City

The Internet Speed of Falcon School High School Students: A Correlative Study

Corpuz, Najjieh

Domingo, Kirsten Charles

Limcuando, Dave

Llantos, Raphael

Mapas, Joseph

Serrano, Anicar

Research Adviser:

Aaron Paul Cruz

Senior High School Department

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Practical Research II

Date of Submission:

April 30, 2021

 CHAPTER I

Introduction

Background of the Study

As the world is suffering from the various effects brought by the COVID-19 pandemic,

the education systems around the world are challenged to find ways to continue and still have an

effective teaching system. Online learning is the go-to method for schools to continue educating

their students despite the crisis happening; however, some countries, especially the Philippines,

have slow, unstable, and sometimes, inaccessible internet.

Marasigan (2016) presented the report from the United Nations Broadband Commission

about the status of fixed-network in the Philippines, wherein only 23 of every 100 Filipino

homes have access to broadband Internet. Esquire Philippines presents another report that the

country is ranked among those with the slowest and least stable Internet, specifically at the 77th

place (“the Philippines Has Expensive Turtle Internet”, 2020). For mobile-network, Icogo (2020)

shows that the cell sites in the Philippines are not enough since over 4,000 users share in a single

tower, which contributes to poor internet quality. Based on these reports, they indicate that online

learning for millions of Filipino students is challenging because using fixed-network or mobile-

network comes with problems, such as availability and quality.

Good internet connectivity can avoid the problems of downloading errors, issues with

installation, login problems, problems with audio and video, and many more (Basilaia et al.,

2020; Song et al., 2004). However, good internet quality in the Philippines is seldom acquired,

1
and for the government to see how hard it is for students to adapt to online learning methods,

numbers can give an insight into their plight.

From all of the information presented, the difficulty of adapting to a new medium of

learning can be ameliorated by school administrators through means of considering the workload

and feasibility of the activities that they will require the students to do. To help that goal, a study

will be conducted to determine the number of students in the Falcon High School department

suffering in an online class due to internet quality.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to figure out the speed of the internet connection of Falcon High School

students. The participants would be from each batch, from grades 7 to 12. Thus, a total of 330

students would be the total amount of students who will participate in the study.

This research will attempt to investigate the number of students who are having difficulty

in their internet connection and the possible factors affecting the latter. From this, here are the

following questions that the study should answer:

1. What is the average internet speed of Falcon High School students?

2. How many Falcon High School students are struggling with their internet connection?

a. What number of Falcon HS students use Wi-Fi as internet connection? How many

of them use mobile (prepaid/postpaid) data for internet connection?

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 b. How many Falcon HS students have a stable internet connection at home?

3. What is the average amount of time that Falcon High School students get disconnect-

ed during online class?

a. Does the internet connection become unstable during the morning and/or in the

afternoon?

b. On what specific days does the internet connection become unstable?

c. How much time do the students need in order to reconnect back in the online

class?

Significance of the Study

This research aims to provide further information about Falcon School high school stu-

dents’ internet connection for the benefit of the following:

Teachers. With the data gathered from this research, teachers will be knowledgeable of how

many of their students experience intermittent internet connection during their classes and for

them to be able to prepare different approaches on how to teach their students if any of them ex-

perience disconnection during classes.

Students. This research may be informative to them on knowing how many of their fellow stu-

dents are experiencing intermittent connectivity and they may find out if there are any similar

3
external factors that may be similar to theirs that affect their internet connection. This would aid

them for troubleshooting during classes.

Parents. This research may provide them information with regards on if their internet provider

or program is suitable to fit their child or children’s educational needs. This may also give them

an idea whether to change their internet provider to one that would be more compatible to their

area or upgrade their current program.

The School Administration. This research will aid them to provide a better learning experience

for their students and to know how many students will be needing assistance from Falcon

School’s tech-support group. In addition to this, the administration will also be informed of how

many students are having intermittent connectivity and who would be needing more assistance.

The Department of Education. This research may be utilized by this sector for their research

purposes. Our research aims to find the amount of students in Falcon School with connectivity

issues and with the data to be garnered, they may use this information in planning for the next

batch of online classes and to know the amount of students experiencing intermittent connection

and ways to remedy the situation.

Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses on the bandwidth and internet stability of both fixed and mobile net-

works that Falcon School High School students use. These students will be the participants of the

study, wherein one section per grade level in their department will be taken. For the delimita-

tions, the condition of the participants’ router, network cable, and device they use will not be tak-

4
en into account. The possible limitations of this study is the unforeseeable internet disconnection

of both the participants and researchers due to a weather disturbance, or an electrical interrup-

tion.

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter discusses about Wireless Networking Technology, the roles and effects of

Internet Service Providers, internet status of Filipinos, and server processing speed and connec-

tivity.

Finally, the research will synthesize the related studies, and present the conceptual and

theoretical frameworks, hypothesis, and definition of terms.

Wireless Networking Technology

The Explained Channel (2018) stated that modern communication devices emit radio

waves which are then received by cell towers. These cell towers will decode the message from

the emitted waves and from there, those towers will transmit the message over high throughput

cables. These cables will carry the message to another cell tower and once it delivers the mes-

sage, the cell tower will emit radio waves which will be received by the receiving communica-

tion device.

Moreover, wireless communication can be separated into two: WiFi and cellular/mobile

data. Verizon (n.d.) differentiated these two wherein WiFi is a type of radio frequency that is

emitted by a WiFi router. Bourgeois, D. & Bourgeois, D. (n.d.) showed that these waves are

5
picked within a radius of approximately 65 feet by devices with a wireless adapter. This shows

that WiFi provides a short range connectivity in delivering internet access. On the other hand,

mobile/cellular data provides access to the internet without the use of a router. Ullah, I. (2012)

showed that this type of mobile wireless communication are 3G, 4G, 5G and LTE technologies,

and all of them transmit and receive data through a cell tower. That is why it does not require a

WiFi router to have internet access. It was also discussed by Ullah, I. (2012) that signal strength

for the reception of networks depends on the tower’s location, height, link type, antenna type,

power transmission, and the channel of operation.

Nowadays, mobile wireless technology is becoming bigger especially in the Philippines.

According to the report of Opensignal (2019), the level of access to 4G services in the Philip-

pines has increased dramatically in the last two years. In their March 2017 report, neither Globe

nor Smart had a 4G availability score higher than 55%. Now both operators are above the 70%

mark in their analysis.

Internet Service Providers

The Philippines is relatively lagging behind other countries in terms of internet service

providers and bandwidth speed. Points have been made that Filipinos are paying high for still

relatively slow internet connection and the lack of its availability in some areas in the Philippines

and the dissatisfaction of the consumers with their internet service providers.

According to Lopez (2020) in a news article from CNN Philippines, internet connection

must be cheaper and faster to help support the revival of the Philippine economy. The Philippines

6
is considered as a potentially significant player in the Global Digital Market with approximately

73 million internet connection users; however, still lags behind others in terms of digital adop-

tion. The Philippines is estimated to have an average of 7 Mbps for mobile data and 26 Mbps for

fixed broadband speed. This is noticeable slower than the average ASEAN countries’ 13 Mbps

mobile data and 59 Mbps fixed broadband speed. The internet service providers in the Philip-

pines ranked fourth highest in terms of cost, specifically an average of 315 pesos per 500 Mbps.

Furthermore, in consonance with all above, Esquire Philippines (2020) stated points to justify the

claims. The Philippines charges expensive rates, but still provides poor internet connection. It is

less secure compared to other countries despite the government was said to have an above aver-

age internet presence. In addition, The Digital Quality of Life Index, a study by VPN provider

Surfshark, the Philippines ranked 66 out of 85 countries with regards to digital well-being. Last-

ly, in an article by Bueno A. and Pacis J. (2020) in the blog of CNN Philippines, the current pan-

demic, COVID-19, brought the topic into a new light. The lack of affordable and quality internet

connection and its availability is prevalent. It is a paradox, for the internet connectivity, which

promotes inclusion, exclude those with no meaningful access, an example of which would be of

the people in rural areas.

In another research done by Erevelles S., et. al. (2003) states that after examining the un-

derlying processes involving customer satisfaction and fluctuating patters among internet service

providers, results states that the people’s satisfaction with their internet service providers are rel-

atively low notwithstanding the fact that the customer’s expectations were already low. This goes

to show the mediocracy of internet service providers in the market. To further enhance this point,

in a study by Neil C., et. al. (2012) a descriptive study was conducted to test if the quality of the

7
internet connection of the students in the University of the Immaculate Conception was signifi-

cantly related to the academic services of their students. In this test, results found that the band-

width speed of the students provides either satisfaction or dissatisfaction depending on the activi-

ties that they intend to do.

Internet Status of Filipinos

According to Salac, R. A., & Kim, Y. S. (2016) who has compared Philippines to the oth-

er developing countries of Asia. Philippines places 104 out of 160 with an astonishing 2.8 Mbps

comparing it to countries like Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea with the internet speeds of

12.9 Mbps, 4.3 Mbps, and 23.6 Mbps respectively. Even when one compares the Philippines’ 2.8

Mbps to Malaysia’s 4.3 Mbps it is still a significant jump that will give a faster experience for

the people who uses it. The results show that one of the reasons of the slow speed is because of

the lack of competition which correlates with the price it comes with the slow speed.

Burke, B. L. (2019) adds that because of the country’s archipelagic nature it will cost

more money to set up connections. This will in turn make the progress for giving the connec-

tion an improvement takes longer or just not happen at all because it will need a big investment.

Similarly, to the source above they have also touched on the lack of competition which gives the

providers not much inspiration to further improve their connection to the public.

According to Senft, A. et. al. (2017) there is a lack of interconnectivity between the ISPs

which resulted into traffic routed externally to places like Hong Kong before returning to the

country which slows the connection of the internet. The research also states that people cannot

8
afford internet because of the price. On the other hand, if one can afford internet the internet

speed the consumer will experience is one of the worst in the world.

Eligio, J. et. al. (n.d.) also noted that despite the country’s early adoption of technology

and being one of the fastest growing market for smartphones in the Asia pacific the country still

lags behind the surrounding countries in terms of broadband service. They also suggest that the

set up for service should be per island because of the fragmented geography of the country will

have need a significant amount of investment.

Lallana, E. C. & Soriano, C. R. (2007) states that the government made a commitment to

give universal access to the internet through public access points. The commitment has faced a

problem, the plans, assumptions, and practices are all outdated. But despite this being obsoleted

they have opened an opportunity for things like Converge.

Server Processing Speed and Connectivity

It is shown that with big Websites such as Google, and Facebook, they have large clients,

and so to support big clients, they need at least 2 servers, because just 1 server is insufficient, and

will slow down the processes. With this, the servers will also require a load balancing server—to

provide proper service to the clients using the servers, and to balance the load incoming from

these clients.

According to Prasetijo, A. B., et. al. (2016), for load balancing to be possible, these web-

sites or such should use special software and/or hardware. It makes load balancing easier and ef-

ficient, in the sense that it distributes the incoming web traffic and request from clients to the re-

9
spective servers respectively. The research aims to create a load-balancing system with HAProxy

as the software balancer, and Heartbeat as its failover software. It is seen in the results of the sur-

veys that, without load-balancers, availability and compliance of the servers are inefficient and

unequal. In a similar fashion, Rödiger, W., et. al. (2016, May) proposes a new idea or product

called Flow-Join, in the research of Adaptive Skew Handling, which aims to provide a software,

that is able to balance the load coming from different places that is coming into a server. It is also

stated in the research that modern day data processes are fast and efficient, however, they are af-

fected and are threatened by unexpected data flows; skews that cause load imbalance, which re-

sults in a single server not being able to process data or information properly.

Brooks, M., et. al. (2020) stated that, for a server to not overload, there needs to be anoth-

er server to process all information and data that is being processed by the first server. This way,

the server does not time out or overload due to too much data to process. It is also mentioned,

that the server can only do much of the requests of the clients, depending on how many there are.

In that manner, the concurrent requests of these clients will not overrun the server, and that there

will be a certain limit put on these requests until overloading is settled.

From this dilemma, Alameri, J. et al. (2016) made a study on E-Learning, wherein this

type of learning is given to students who are going to apply for the upcoming school year, espe-

cially with the current state of the world in a pandemic. Through this, the students will get used

to this new type of learning, as it aims to still give access to education for the students. This is

essential since in a survey conducted by Bielaczyc (2006) on the students in The University of

Jordan, issues and problems were stated along with some concerns about this virtual set-up of

10
learning. However, there were results that showed positive feedback about the use of Microsoft

Teams, Moodle, and Zoom, and because of this, it was showed that companies that have multiple

servers across the world can make E-learning possible.

Synthesis

The internet speed of the Philippines is slow in contrast to our neighboring countries, this

includes both the performance of fixed and mobile networks. Moreover, it was stated by Salac,

R. A., & Kim, Y. S. (2016) that this poor internet quality is caused by the lack of competition

among Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in the country, which is why Filipinos have an expen-

sive subscription but receives poor internet service. However, a private organization, Opensignal,

reported that both Globe and Smart amended the poor quality of their mobile networks by in-

creasing the number of 4G networks in a span of two years, starting from 2017 until 2019. This

is a huge step in improving the internet service in the country, but Lopez’ (2020) report that the

Philippines only has an average of 7 Mbps for mobile data and 26 Mbps for fixed broadband

speed, which is still slower than its ASEAN counterparts.

In another perspective, it can be added that not only internet speed is the factor in deter-

mining internet quality. The server plays a role here since internet traffic can affect the service

that ISPs provide which is why Brooks (2020) stated that server processing should not rely on

one server only. There should be multiple servers so that internet traffic will decrease and in this

way, the internet quality will improve.

From all of these studies, it can be said that E-learning in the Philippines is challenging

due to the status of the country’s internet service. By having poor internet speed, students’ inter-

11
net data may become stuck in a server traffic, which will result to a poor internet quality experi-

ence. The information gathered in this section will help answer the research questions regarding

the correlation between internet speed and stability, the two variables that may determine the dif-

ficulty of learning in a virtual environment.

Theoretical Framework

Survey
Discrete Normal
Variables Distribution
Organize & Analysis &
Compute Data R
Sampling Estimation of
Distribution Parameters

Figure 2.1 (Mercado & Orines, 2016)

In this framework, the first step would be to separate the raw data into either discrete

variables. The number of students struggling with their internet connection is a discrete variable,

and the average internet speed and time of disconnection are continuous variables. The second

phase will be determining the normal distribution of the data. This will be done so that the per-

centage of the data will be obtained and its spread or distance from the mean will be visualized

12
as well. The third phase will obtain the parameter and statistic values (i.e. mean and standard de-

viation) via sampling distribution. After this, the last phase will use the parameter and statistic

values from the previous phase to perform the estimation of parameters. This estimation is neces-

sary so that the value from all of the computations done will answer the research questions with

the appropriate level of confidence.

Conceptual Framework

Google Docs Gather

GatherData
and
Online Survey
Survey Organize Data

Organize & Analysis &

and
Compute
ComputeData
Data Results
Results

Figure 2.2

The framework consists of 4 steps which consists of surveying, gathering as well as or-

ganizing the data, applying the necessary computation on the data, and presentation of analysis

and results. The first phase, will be an online survey with the use of Google Docs. The second

phase will be gathering the data from the Google Docs surveys. The third phase will be to apply

13
the necessary computations to organize the data properly, which will be based on the theoretical

framework. The final phase would be to quantitatively analyze the data, and from there, the re-

sults will be collected and the conclusion of the study will be made.

Hypothesis

Does the connection speed of the students’ internet affect their internet connection stability?

Null Hypothesis (Ho): The internet connection speed of the students does not affect the

stability of their connection.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): The internet connection speed of the students affect the

stability of their connection.

Definition of Terms

Students- The participating junior and senior high school students of Falcon School.

Department- The junior and senior high school departments of Falcon School

Performance - The internet quality that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide.

Internet Quality- This refers to the stability of the internet of students.

Internet Stability - This refers to the consistency of the internet connection of the students. The
higher consistency, the less stable the internet connection and vice versa.

14
Consistency - The frequency of a student encountering any internet related technical difficulties,

such as internet lag or disconnection, in his or her online class.

Internet Speed – This refers to the speed which data or content travels from the World Wide

Web to a home computer, tablet, or smartphone. Internet speed is measured in megabits per sec-

ond (Mbps).

Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter presents the research process used in this study. This includes the research

design, research participants, research instruments, data gathering procedures, and data analysis.

The study aimed to present the process and design of gathering the survey data from

students about their internet connection status. This was achieved through conducting surveys to

determine the average internet connection speed, the amount of time that it takes when they get

disconnected, and if they are struggling with trying to cope with the slow internet speed.

Research Design

The descriptive research design will be utilized to obtain data that will fulfill the objec-

tives set by the statement of the problem. Quantitative data will be gathered through an online

platform and once gathered, the data will be organized and computed with the methods laid by

the theoretical framework.

This design was used for the researcher to accurately and reliably obtain a proper data

necessary for interpretations.

15
Research Participants

The research participants of this study consist of students from each level in the junior

and senior high school departments of Falcon School. This study utilizes a stratified sampling

method, a type of probability sampling. By applying this sampling method, the students per year

level were organized into strata based on the online conferencing app/s they mostly use (e.g.

Zoom) and geographical location. The location that the study considered is where the majority of

the students live, and this is because the performance of an ISP depends on the geographical area

of its cell towers. To get the sample size of the population and the number of samples per year

level, it was computed with a confidence level of 95% and 5% margin of error.

Research Instruments

Below is the instrument that the study will use:

Online Structured Survey. This will be used to gather information about the students’

connection status. The survey will ask about their connection speed, and a Likert Scale survey

will be used to determine their frequency of lag and disconnection, and the time and day the in-

ternet connection is unstable. The survey will also provide the number of students who claim that

they are struggling with online classes in terms of internet quality. To ensure that this survey is a

structured type, the question about internet speed will provide choices that show a range of val-

ues (e.g. A) Lower than 1 mbps, B) 1-5 mbps, C) 5-10 mbps, D) 10-20 mbps, E) Higher than 20

mbps).

16
Data Collection Procedures

The data collection procedures for this study will be based on the Conceptual Framework

as it provides a general visualization of the steps that will be taken to arrive at a conclusion

through quantitative methods. The said framework consists of four phases: Online Survey, Gath-

er and Organize Data, Compute Data, and Analysis and Results.

Online Survey. The phase will use Google Docs as a platform to conduct the study. From

that survey, the researchers will obtain information that are relevant and necessary for the study

which is why a structured type of survey is needed.

Gather and Organize Data. Since the data gathered from the previous phase would not

yet be properly organized, it will be considered as raw data. That raw data needs to be organized

through a table in order to easily identify where each datum came from. This phase is essential

for it will make the next phase easier and efficient to conduct.

Compute Data. The phase is the highlight of the study since it will be the path to obtain

the results necessary to answer the research questions posed. This part of the study will be based

on the Theoretical Framework from Mercado & Orines (2016) to provide a mathematically cor-

rect method that will obtain a set of essential data. These essential data such as mean, standard

deviation and etc. will lead the study to arrive at an accurate conclusion.

Analysis and Results. In this phase, hypothesis testing will be done first to see if the null

hypothesis should be rejected or not. A descriptive analysis will be carried out after the previous

step to determine the essential statistical values such as the measures of central tendencies. This

is important as it will give quantitative and proper answers to the questions posed by the study.

After the analysis is carried out, the results of the computations made will be organized into an

histogram to effectively visualize and present the situation that students are experiencing with

17
their internet quality. From all of these processes, a conclusion will be made to prove the hypoth-

esis and successfully provide answers that can be used for future statistical interpretations.

Data Analysis Procedures

The data analysis for the research questions: “What is the average amount of time that

Falcon High School students get disconnected during online class?” and “What is the average

internet speed of Falcon High School students?”, will be descriptive since it will help determine

if the values obtained relate to the hypothesis. For example, if a stratum of students answered

that they are experiencing high frequency of disconnection and have a speed of only 1-5 mbps, it

would show the possibility that internet speed correlate with internet stability. Moreover, this

analysis will also cover the question, “How many Falcon High School students are struggling

with their internet connection?”, as it will provide the percent and ranks of students who are

dealing with this issue in the strata. This will give additional information about the internet quali-

ty of all students and from here, differences will be spotted which may add strength to the con-

clusion.

18
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