October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

October University for Modern Sciences & Arts

Midterm Model Answer

Faculty Engineering
Department Electrical Communication and Electronics
Module Code ECE4332
Module Title Digital Signal Processing
Semester Spring 2022
Time Allowed 1.5 hours
Total Mark 20
No. of Pages 12 (including the cover page)
Material provided None
Equipment permitted No programmable calculator
Additional Instructions None

No books, paper or electronic devices are permitted to be brought into the

examination room other than those specified above.

Page 1 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Faculty of Engineering
Module Code: ECE 4332
Module Title: Digital Signal Processing
Semester: Spring 2022

Answer all/ no. of the following questions:

Question 1: LO3 ……………………………………………………….. (5 Marks)

A discrete-time system can be
(1) Static or dynamic
(2) Linear or nonlinear
(3) Time invariant or time varying
(4) Causal or noncausal
(5) Stable or unstable
Examine the following systems with respect to the properties above:
 y(n) = x(n)cos(w0n). (2.5 Marks)
 y(n) = x(-n+2). (2.5 Marks)

Solution:
a) y(n) = x(n)cos(w0n).

 A system is Memoryless or Static if the output y[n] depends only

on x[n] at the same n.
 A system is Causal if the output at n (the current output) y[n]
depends only on
o the input at n (the current input) x[n] and
o earlier inputs (the previous inputs) x[n-nd] and
o feedback outputs (the previous outputs) y[n-nd]
 time-variant
x(n-n0) = x(n-n0)cos(w0n) ……………….(1)
y(n-n0) = x(n-n0)cos(w0(n-n0)) ……………….(2)

Page 2 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

 ≠ (2)

 Linear
T{a1x1[n]+a2x2[n]}
= (a1x1[n]+a2x2 [n]) cos(w0n) …………(1)
a1T{x1[n]}+a2T{x2 [n]}
=a1x1[n] cos(w0n) + a2x2 [n] cos(w0n) …………..(2)
(1)=(2)
 Stable
Suppose x[n]=C δ[n], y[-1]=0,
x[n]=C at n=0, and x[n]=0 otherwise (bounded input)
For any value of the input, |cos(x[n])|≤1,
Then the output is bounded, the system is stable.
y(0) = x(0)cos(0) = 1 × 1 = 1
y(1) = x(1)cos(w0) = 0 × cos(w0) = 0
y(2) = x(2)cos(2w0) = 0 × cos(2w0) = 0

b) y(n) = x(-n+2).

 A system is Memory or Dynamic if the output y[n] depends only

on x[n] and x[n-nd] or x[n+nd] at the same n.
 A system is Non Causal if the output at n (the current output) y[n]
includes the future inputs x[n+nd]
 time-invariant
x(n-n0) = x(-(n-n0)+2) ……………….(1)
y(n-n0) = x(-(n-n0)+2) ……………….(2)
(1)= (2)

Page 3 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

 Linear

T{a1x1[n]+a2x2[n]}
= (a1x1(-n+2)+a2x2(-n+2)) …………(1)
a1T{x1[n]}+a2T{x2 [n]}
=a1x1(-n+2) + a2x2(-n+2) …………..(2)
(1)=(2)
 Stable
Suppose x[n]=C δ[n], y[-1]=0,
x[n]=C at n=0, and x[n]=0 otherwise (bounded input)
For any value of the input, |cos(x[n])|≤1,
Then the output is bounded, the system is stable.
y(0) = x(0+2) = 0
y(1) = x(-1+2) = x(1) = 0
y(2) = x(-2+2) = x(0) = 1
y(3) = x(-3+2) = x(1) = 0

Page 4 of 12
 October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Question 2: LO3, LO4 ………………………………………………….. (10 Marks)

For the discrete-time system shown in Fig. 1 find the following:
a) The input-output equation. (1 Mark)
b) Determine the impulse response of the system for 0 ≤ n ≤ 3. (2 Marks)
c) Draw the impulse response of the system for 0 ≤ n ≤ 4. (1 Mark)
d) Draw the Direct Form I Realization. (2 Marks)
e) Draw the Direct Form II Realization. (2 Marks)
f) If the input x(n) = u(n)-u(n-1), then find the output y(n). (2 Marks)

x[n]
z-1 z-1 z-1

y[n]
+ +
1/3

z-1

Fig. 1
Solution:

Page 5 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Draw the Direct Form I Realization

Page 6 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Draw the Direct Form II Realization

f) x(n) = u(n)-u(n-1), then find the output y(n)

x(n) = u(n)-u(n-1) = δ(n)
so y(n) = h(n) = (1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 2/3, 2/3, 2/3,………)

Page 7 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Question 3:LO3 ………………………………………………….. (5 Marks)

Determine and sketch the system output y[n] for the following cases:

x[n] y[n]
h[n]

X[n] = (l, -2, 3), h[n] = u[n-2] - u[n-5]

Solution :
x(n) = {l, -2, 3}, h(n) = {0,0, 1,1,1}

y(0) = 0 × 1 = 0

Page 8 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

y(1) = 0×1+ 0×-2 = 0

y(2) = 1×1 + 0×-2 + 0×3 = 1

Page 9 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

y(3) = 1×1+ 1×-2 + 0×3 + 0×0 = -1

y(4) = 1×1 + 1×-2 + 1×3 + 0×0 + 0×0 = 2

Page 10 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

y(5) = 1×-2 + 1×3 + 1×0 + 0×0 + 0×0= 1

y(6) = 1×3 = 3

Page 11 of 12
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

y(7) = 0

so
y(0) = 0 × 1 = 0
y(1) = 0×1+ 0×-2 = 0
y(2) = 1×1 + 0×-2 + 0×3 = 1
y(3) = 1×1+ 1×-2 + 0×3 + 0×0 = -1
y(4) = 1×1 + 1×-2 + 1×3 + 0×0 + 0×0 = 2
y(5) = 1×-2 + 1×3 + 1×0 + 0×0 + 0×0= 1
y(6) = 1×3 = 3
y(7) = 0

x(n) = {l, -2, 3}, h(n) = {0,0, 1,1,1}

y(n) = (0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 1, 3, 0)

 y(n)  x(n)   h(n)

6 = 2 × 3

Page 12 of 12