Answers Week 4 - Analysis in the frequency domain:

z-Transform

June 3, 2016

4.1 Idea: compute the z-transform using the definition of the z-transform.
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a) X(z) =
z 2 (z
− a)
2(z 8 − 1)
b) X(z) = 7
z (z − 1)
4.2 Idea: write the expressions in a standard form such that you can use the power series
expansion.
z −1
P∞ 0,5n
a) X(z) = 1−0,5z −1 = n=0 z n+1
The first five terms are x[0] = 0, x[1] = 1, x[2] = 0, 5, x[3] = 0, 25, x[4] = 0, 125.
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P∞ (−1,1)n
b) X(z) = 1+1,1z −1 = n=0 zn
The first five terms are x[0] = 1, x[1] = −1, 1, x[2] = 1, 21, x[3] = 1.331, x[4] = 1, 4641.
2z −1
P∞ −n−1
c) X(z) = 1 + 1−z −1 = 1 + 2 n=0 z
The first five terms are x[0] = 1, x[1] = 2, x[2] = 2, x[3] = 2, x[4] = 2.
4.4 Idea: compute the convolution of the two dicrete signals x1 [n] and x2 [n] and show the z-
Transofrm of x3 [n] is the product of the z-transforms of the signals x1 [n] and x2 [n]. The
z-transforms X1 (z) and X2 (z) are equal to:
X1 (z) = 1 + 0z −1 − z −2 + z −3
X2 (z) = 0 + 2z −1 + z −2 − z −3
The signal x3 [n] equals to: x3 [n]: 0 2 1 -3 1 2 -1 0 0 0
The z-transform X3 (z) of x3 [n] is
X3 (z) = 2z −1 + z −2 − 3z −3 + z −4 + 2z −5 − z −6 = X1 (z) · X2 (z)

4.6 Idea: compute the inverse z-transform of the given systems using partial fraction decompo-
sition if needed.
√
n
a) x[n] = 21 2 sin π4 n u[n]

b) x[n] = −1, 5(0, 8)n−2 u[n − 2] + 2, 5u[n − 2]

4.8 Idea: factorize the nominator to find the zeroes and factorize the denominator to find the
poles. If the poles lie within the unit circle, the system is stable and if the number of zeroes
is less or equal to the number of poles, the system is causal.
(z − 2)(z + 1)
a) H(z) = .
(z − 0.5)(z − 0.8)
Zeroes: z1 = 2 and z2 = −1.
Poles: p1 = 0.5 and p2 = 0.8.
System is stable and causal.

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 √ √
(z − + 2j 3)(z − 12 − 2j 3)
1
2
b) H(z) = .
(z +√ j)(z − j) √
Zeroes: z1 = 12 − 2j 3 and z2 = 12 + 2j 3.
Poles: p1 = −j and p2 = j.
System is stable and causal.
(z − 1)(z − j)(z + j)
c) H(z) = .
(z − 0.5)(z + 0.5)
Zeroes: z1 = 1, z2 = j and z3 = −j.
Poles: p1 = 0.5 and p2 = −0.5.
System is stable, but not causal.
z9 − 1
d) H(z) = .
(z − 1)z 8
Zeroes: zk = ej2πk/9 for k = 0, . . . , 8.
Poles: p1 = 1 and pk = 0 for k = 2, . . . , 0.
System is stable and causal.
4.10 Idea: find the figure in Table 4.1 with the same features in terms of poles and zeroes and
adapt the constants.
a) x[n] = (1 − (−0.8)n )u[n].
b) x[n] = cos( 23 πn)u[n].
c) x[n] = 0.8n sin( π2 n)u[n].
4.11 Idea: walk over the unitcirkel and look at the closest poles and zeros to draw the spectral
amplitude charaacteristics for the given poles and zeros from Figure 4.17.
a) Filter: high-pass filter.

b) Filter: low-pass filter.

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c) Filter: notch filter.