Group 5 - Research 1

Escuela San Gabriel de Colegio de San Gabriel
Arcangel Foundation, Inc. Arcangel of Caloocan, Inc.

Phase 10, Package 6, Block 1 Lots 1-5, Bagong Silang, Caloocan City
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF PROCRASTINATION IN ONLINE LEARNING
MODALITY OF GRADE 11 ABM LEARNERS OF COLEGIO DE
SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL OF CALOOCAN
S.Y. 2021 – 2022
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the basic education
To be presented to: Mr. Rommel Daquiado
PRESENTED BY
ALCANTARA, ANGELICA B.
BACTOL, LUZANDRAMAE D.
BALASICO, FIONAH A.
SANTELICES, KYLA MARIE
TACORDA, SHEN MARGARETH M.
URBANO, DIANNE ASHLEY D.
2022
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Many studies have reported that students face challenges while they are
learning through online learning modality because this modality requires more
effort by the students such as self-paced and self-regulated and keeping pace
with the fast learning which is difficult for many students. Procrastination is
frequently observed as one of the challenges students experience in online
learning environments and it has a negative effect on students' achievement. (
Akram et al., 2019)
Procrastination is a widespread self-regulation failure in students.
Procrastination is voluntary delaying the task and activities that should have been
done (Stefan F. et al., 2012) and choosing to do something else than the task that
should have done. For example, after online classes, your teacher gave you a task
but instead of doing these tasks, you ended up wasting your time scrolling social
media and checking the updates of your friends, that means you are
procrastinating. Students knew the effects of procrastination like causing them to
rush their tasks and activities because deadline is near but despite of it, students
still delaying their tasks because they find it difficult to resist procrastination
(Kasper, 2004). One of the reasons students have difficulty resisting
procrastination is smartphones. Smartphones are conducive to procrastination
because people are more likely to procrastinate when temptations are nearby
(Duckworth et al., 2016; Steel, 2011; Steel et al., 2018). Individuals who
excessively use their smartphones tend to procrastinate more (e.g., Im & Jang,
2017; Rozgonjuk et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019) because smartphones have
various distraction while doing tasks. Therefore, online students experience
procrastination more because of too much use of smartphones. Procrastination
has negative impact on students including poor academic performance and
psychological distress (Constantin et al.,2017). This study will evaluate the
impact of procrastination on online learning students and how to reduce it.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Procrastination is an unhealthy act of postponing something habitually.
Where it occurs continuously when it is put off making something happen. It is a
behavior where we can adapt to other people and can be learned in some cases
that occur in our life. Procrastination has been described as an intentional,
unreasonable postponement of decisions taken, being unaware of the truth that
this will bring about specific negative consequences (Simpson & Pychyl, 2007). In
other words, it intentionally placed off tasks till the last minute of execution or
moved beyond the deadline. It is a widespread problem related to self-
regulation, which is realized as deferral of the beginning and completing the
necessary assignments. Therefore, procrastination may produce significant
harmful effects such as anxiety and depression, regarding the personality (Sirois,
2006). It is an impact of emotions that may not be acknowledged as having self-

doubt and overwhelming. It is a bad habit that needs to be released and a
prevalent as to everyone do this harmful practice. This unreasonable delay
relates to increased stress levels, frustration, anxiety, and it lowers the level of
creativity and productivity of a student.
In the global context, Head of the American Psychological Association’s
Center for Organizational Excellence, Ballard (2018), said that procrastination is
not all about the avoidance of tasks. Still, it should include an aspect that is
irrational, negative, and irrelevant. However, according to Ducharme, as cited
from Rozental (2018) stated that people procrastinate due to reason that they do
not value a certain task, and they expect that they could not attain the value that
they want to aim for because of the impulsivity of people. They commit
procrastination because they are worried about the result and do not think about
what they can do well because they are scared to fail and get a low score. Hence,
this study looks forwards to the school opening will not necessarily mean
traditional face-to-face learning in the classroom. This phenomenon becomes
problematic as students make this bad behavior a habit. That is why the
researchers tend to dig deeper investigation on this problem to share and expose
students’ views and outcomes towards procrastination attitude of students in
modular distance learning modality.
Procrastination is described as the "uncontrollable delays" of "an intended
course of action despite expecting to be worse off because of the postponement"
(Van Eerde, 2003). According to several studies, procrastination can make it
difficult to control one's behavior (e.g., Loeffler, Stumpp, Grund, Limberger, &
Ebner-Priemer, 2019; Ziegler & Opdenakker, 2018). The purpose of this research
was to determine how procrastination influenced learning efficacy during the
coronavirus lockdown, as mediated via self-regulated online learning (SROL) and
to take a closer look at how teachers may assist their students in improving their
online learning during or after the coronavirus lockdown.
THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study was founded on the theory of Temporal Motivation Theory and was
developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König. It is a dynamic model of
motivation dealing with choice among multiple options over time and suggests,
due to preference reversal, that when individuals have routines, they will be less
likely to procrastinate. (Steel et al.,2018) Temporal Motivational Theory explains
the processes of someone’s decision making or behavior. Temporal Motivational
Theory suggests that people always prioritize activities if it is necessary but if not,
just postpone it. In other words, people experience procrastination when they
think the importance of doing the task is unrecognized (Siaputra, 2010).
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
• ABM 11 students
profile
1. Data gathering Evaluating the Impact
a. Age of Procrastination in
2.
the Online Learning
b. Sex
3. Data Analysis Modality
• Impact of
Procrastination
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research study will evaluate the impact of procrastination in the online
learning modality on selected grade 11 ABM learners in Colegio De San Gabriel.
This study is intended to answer the following questions:
1. Demographic profile includes:
1.1 Gender
1.2 Age
2. How does procrastination affect students' lives?
3. How to beat procrastination?
4. How do students experience procrastination?
5. What is students' attitude towards procrastination?
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This research study is conducted to give ideas and awareness about the
impact of procrastination on students. This study will be especially beneficiary to
the following groups:
School
It will help the school to get a better view of the insight of their students
towards the act of procrastinating and to gain additional understanding about
their students' situation for them to immediately act.

Students
It will help students to have a better understanding of what the situation is
when it comes to handling priorities and tasks. Also, it will make them aware and
help them how they would act when they experience procrastination and how
procrastination affects their current life and their future life. This study will help
students to give their time to do each task. And it will also help to remind students
that it should be avoided.
Parents
This will serve as a research study on how to help their children have the
right time doing activities in their school. Parents will guide their child on how to
reduce their procrastination.
Teachers
Teachers need to do an action or get information about students'
procrastination for them to guide students how they can improve their routines in
doing their activities. It will also give them an idea of how they can help and
motivate students to do their tasks on time and not procrastinate in their activities.
Future Researchers
This study will help them to assess how they can guide students on how to
effectively avoid procrastination in activities. It can help develop strategies to
encourage all students to avoid procrastination.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study is conducted to evaluate the impact of procrastination in the
online learning modality of students and how students experience
procrastination. In order to accomplish this study, selected Grade 11 ABM online
students in Colegio De San Gabriel Arcangel will cooperate. This study will cover
37 Grade 11 ABM students, 11 were male and 26 were female. The identity of
respondents will be secure with researchers. Due to pandemic, researchers are
not allowed to conduct face-to-face interviews to gather data for the safety of
everyone. Therefore, researchers will use survey questionnaires to gather data
from selected ABM 11 students. This study is quantitative that explores how the
impact of procrastination on students in their online learning and how many
students experience procrastination. Quantitative Research or sample population
is a way to learn about a particular group of people. Quantitative research relies
on data that are observed or measured to examine questions about the sample
population (Allen, 2017).
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
Modular Distance Learning Modality
There is a significant connection between priorities and responsibilities. In
other words, Croyle (2017) has defined the relationship between responsibility
and priority, as “responsibility is what is required, and priority is when it’s
required.” Every student should invest more in education. Welvaert (2018)

defined education in two ways. Education as an investment good which he coined
that education is the best investment a person can have in his/her life and
choosing a course that has a higher percentage of demand in the future would
make the investment more worth it, and education as a consumption good in
which you gain knowledge and satisfaction about yourself. He also proposed that
education is an investment in which the return in the future is assured.
Procrastination Effects
According to Katz, Eilot, and Nevo, (2014), many students procrastinate with
regards to lecture things to do (as cited from Steel, 2007). Procrastination
involves delaying the performance and tasks until a person experiences distress
due to having no time left to do work. For instance, Gunn (2019) stated that
students who procrastinate might be because they have a lack of motivation, low
self-esteem, atychiphobia, trouble understanding, low energy levels, and poor
organization skills. Students often procrastinate because they do not see how a
project is relevant or important to them, do not understand the material, or just do
not know how to get started.
According to Oxford Learning (2017) procrastination could have a negative
effect on students such as grades and their health. Students who experience
procrastination have higher risk of various implications on their mental health
such as frustration, guilt, stress, anxiety, and some students lead to depression
and low self-esteem. These effects have a greater impact on high school students
because high school students receive piles of tasks, homework, larger projects,
and activities than elementary students. Students who procrastinate until the last
minute receive lower grades than their peers.
These bad habits of procrastination can lead to an endless cycle of low
grades and low self-confidence. If this happens, it is difficult for students to
overcome it, that leads to a lot of extra stress towards depression.
Time Management
Having a good time management could reduce procrastination. Effective
time management starts from prioritizing important tasks over unimportant tasks.
According to Corporate Finance Institute time management is the process of
planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities. Good
time management enables an individual to complete more in a shorter period,
lowers stress, and leads to career success.
Study Schedule
Study schedule will help students to win the battle against procrastination.
Schedule will help students to reduce their stress and improve their long-term
retention of information (Norcross, 2017). By creating a study routine, students
will build positive study habit (Listmann, 2021).
The Mañana Habit
Also known in Filipino as “Mamaya na” practice, is a Filipino term for
procrastination. (Mejia, 2017) This kind of practice has already been an existing
problem since before; Also, it was the reason this kind of phenomenon is rapidly
spreading through generations. The students who procrastinate often have worse
performance in any activity because postponing tasks will lead students who
procrastinate to submit unfinished work and missed important deadlines. This
means that procrastinators tend to earn worse grades than non-procrastinators,
which becomes more problematic since some side effects can increase students’
tendency to procrastinate better.
Procrastination Attitude of Students
Plaxton (2017) reported that many students treated procrastination as the
worst hindrance when managing their time because they would prioritize the
thing, they revel in over their work. Some students have so many schedules,
including school, homework, household chores, social life, and/or other
extracurricular activities. For that reason, homework and schoolwork are
constantly ignored, and they will do something more pleasant to allow them to
have extra freedom in the rest of their schedule. Thus, Swanson (2016) reported
that all the researchers had considered procrastination broadly as a failure of
self-regulation, like terrible behaviors that have to do with a lack of self-control,
such as overeating, gambling problem, or overspending. As Kent (2016) said,
students begin to have relations in routine avoidance behavior to the disapproval
of their teachers. As a result, some students have trouble budgeting their study
time, attending after-school more magnific help or workplace hours, and
spending a long way less time than they at the start supposed to spend on their
studying. This behavior is often sure up in a cram of emotions and confusion,
leaving students thinking about what to tackle first.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Atychiphobia
- irrational and extreme fear of failing or facing uncertainty.
• Impact
- The Oxford English dictionary gives two definitions of the word impact:
‘the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another’ and ‘a
marked effect or influence’
• Low self-esteem
- Low self-esteem is when someone lacks confidence about who they are
and what they can do.
• Online Learning Modality
- Online Learning Modality are those in which 100% of the delivery takes
place in the online environment through asynchronous activities,
synchronous meetings, or a combination of both asynchronous and
synchronous methods (Kansas State of University, 2020).
• Procrastination
- The action of delaying or postponing something.
• Responsibility
- A thing that one is required to do as part of a job, role, or legal obligation.

• Time Management
- It is the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent
on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and
productivity.
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design that will be used in this research study is descriptive design.
Descriptive design is use to describe particular phenomena or a relationships
within a single group sample.
POPULATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
There are thirty-seven (37) Grade 11 ABM students of Colegio de San Gabriel
Arcangel of Caloocan of AY 2021-2022 are encouraged to be respondents of this
study.
The study used stratified sampling technique, in which the total population is
divided into smaller groups or strata to complete the sampling process.
According to Parsons (2017), stratified sampling is a probability sampling method
that is implemented in sample surveys. The target population’s elements are
divided into distinct groups or strata where within each stratum the elements are
like each other with respect to select characteristics of importance to the survey.
INSTRUMENT
The researcher preferred to use the survey questionnaire as an instrument. It
was used because they could more easily understand what they really wanted to
ask in the research. Questionnaire distribution is a quite simple method of data
collection. It consists of two parts:
The first part discusses the demographic profile; and in the second part is
Evaluating the Impact of Procrastination in the Online Learning Modality. The
survey was conducted in Google form to facilitate data collection.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
The researchers were able to conduct a survey by getting permission from the
principal and other respective teachers. The data for this research was collected
using a quantitative survey questionnaire. The survey was comprised of ten (10)
quantitative statements. In this questionnaire, the Likert scale was used to
determine the impact of procrastination of respondents in Colegio De San
Gabriel Arcangel of Caloocan S.Y 2021-2022. After the subject teacher validated
the researchers distributed it to Grade 11 ABM learners via messenger. The
researchers guaranteed the confidentiality of their responses in the Google form

survey questionnaire. After conducting the survey, the researcher summarized it
by computing it using frequency and percentage distribution.
DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL|TREATMENT
The data gathered were carefully analyzed, tallied, and tabulated. The data
has been handled to acquire validity, reliability, and understanding with the use
of the following:
1. Frequency and percentage distribution:
This was used to identify the percentage of observations that exist and determine
the whole part of the research result, specifically in gathering and quantifying
data in the profile of respondents and their views on evaluating the impact of
procrastination in the online learning modality of selected grade 11 ABM learners
in Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
P= f/N x 100
WHERE:
P= Percentage
f= Frequency
N= Number of students
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

1. Demographic profile includes:
1.1 Gender
Distribution of Respondents According to Gender
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Female 26 70
Male 11 30
TOTAL 37 100
Table 1 shows most respondents are female. The percentage of female
respondents are larger for having 73 than males that only have 29.7
based on the total numbers of respondents.
1.2 Age
Distributions of Respondents According to Age
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

15 3 8.1
16 12 32.4
17 17 46
18 5 13.5
TOTAL 37 100
Table 2 shows the largest percentage of respondents are 16 years old,
having 32.4. While the smallest percentage is the respondents that have an age of
15 and it has 8.1. Overall, the total number of 37 respondents consist of three 15
years old, twelve 16 years old, seventeen 17 years old and five 18 years old.
2. How does procrastination affect students' lives?

2.1 Does procrastination affect students’ lives?
CHOICES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 34 91.9
No 3 8.1
TOTAL 37 100
Table 3 shows the number of students in ABM 11 who answered yes or no in
question number 11 on the given survey, 91.9 agreed that procrastination could
affect students' lives. On the other hand, 8.1 disagreed that procrastination could
affect students' lives.
3. How to beat procrastination?
3.1 Do you agree that academic schedule and routine can beat
procrastination?

Yes 26 70.3
No 11 29.7
TOTAL 37 100
Table 4 shows the number of students in ABM 11 who answered yes or no in
question number 10 on the given survey, 70.3 agreed that academic schedule
and routine can beat procrastination. While 29.7 disagreed that academic
schedule and routine cannot beat procrastination.
4. How do students experience procrastination?
4.1 Did you feel tired when starting to do a task?

Yes 31 83.8
No 6 16.2
TOTAL 37 100
Table 5 shows the number of students who answered yes or no in question
number five on the given survey. According to the results, 83.8 feel tired when
they are starting to do their task. While 16.2 did not when they starting to do
their task.
5. What is students’ attitude towards procrastination?
5.1 Are you taking immediate action to change the habit of procrastination?

Yes 29 78.4
No 8 21.6
TOTAL 37 100
Table 6 presents the number of students in ABM 11 who answered yes or no in
question number twelve on the given survey. It shows that 78.4 are taking
immediate action to change the habit of procrastination. On the other hand, 21.6
does not take immediate action to change the habit of procrastination.
5.2 Have you listed the task that you need to do?

Yes 30 81.1
No 7 18.9
TOTAL 37 100
Table 7 presents the number of students in ABM 11 who answered yes or no in
question number four on the given survey. According to results, 81.1 of ABM
students listed the task that needed to submit. While 18.9 did not list their task.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This part covers the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendations
relevant to the impact of procrastination on the online learning modality of
grade 11 ABM learners.
The following are the findings of the study:
1. The respondents are mainly females aged 17 years old.
2. Procrastination affects students' lives 91.9%, Yes, procrastination affects
students' lives. 8.1% No, it does not affect their lives of being students of
procrastination.
3. The students experience procrastination, and 83.8% experience feeling
tired when starting to do their task moreover, 16.2% responds no that they
don't feel tired when starting to do their task.
4. There are students affected by their attitude toward procrastination. 78.4%
answered yes that they accomplishing immediate action to change the habit of
procrastination aside from 21.6% who stated that students do not take
immediate action to change the practice of procrastination.

As a result, it can be concluded that there is an impact of procrastination
experienced on the online learning modality in ABM 11. The students agree
that procrastination affects their lives and time. And most of them feel tired
when starting a task. However, most of the students trying to take immediate
action to prevent this habit in their online learning
To address the student's procrastination concern with the modern
instruments and equipment, the researchers suggested using an academic
schedule by organizing and listing the plan they are going to do using offline
software on their gadgets since most students now use devices.

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Escuela San Gabriel de Colegio de San Gabriel

Arcangel Foundation, Inc. Arcangel of Caloocan, Inc.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF PROCRASTINATION IN ONLINE LEARNING

MODALITY OF GRADE 11 ABM LEARNERS OF COLEGIO DE

SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL OF CALOOCAN

S.Y. 2021 – 2022

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the basic education

To be presented to: Mr. Rommel Daquiado

SANTELICES, KYLA MARIE

TACORDA, SHEN MARGARETH M.

URBANO, DIANNE ASHLEY D.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

frequently observed as one of the challenges students experience in online

learning environments and it has a negative effect on students' achievement. (

Akram et al., 2019)

Procrastination is a widespread self-regulation failure in students.

procrastinating. Students knew the effects of procrastination like causing them to

(Kasper, 2004). One of the reasons students have difficulty resisting

procrastination is smartphones. Smartphones are conducive to procrastination

various distraction while doing tasks. Therefore, online students experience

procrastination more because of too much use of smartphones. Procrastination

has negative impact on students including poor academic performance and

psychological distress (Constantin et al.,2017). This study will evaluate the

impact of procrastination on online learning students and how to reduce it.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Procrastination is an unhealthy act of postponing something habitually.

Where it occurs continuously when it is put off making something happen. It is a

that occur in our life. Procrastination has been described as an intentional,

unreasonable postponement of decisions taken, being unaware of the truth that

moved beyond the deadline. It is a widespread problem related to self-

regulation, which is realized as deferral of the beginning and completing the

necessary assignments. Therefore, procrastination may produce significant

2006). It is an impact of emotions that may not be acknowledged as having self-

doubt and overwhelming. It is a bad habit that needs to be released and a

prevalent as to everyone do this harmful practice. This unreasonable delay

creativity and productivity of a student.

In the global context, Head of the American Psychological Association’s

Center for Organizational Excellence, Ballard (2018), said that procrastination is

irrational, negative, and irrelevant. However, according to Ducharme, as cited

traditional face-to-face learning in the classroom. This phenomenon becomes

students’ views and outcomes towards procrastination attitude of students in

modular distance learning modality.

Procrastination is described as the "uncontrollable delays" of "an intended

course of action despite expecting to be worse off because of the postponement"

(Van Eerde, 2003). According to several studies, procrastination can make it

was to determine how procrastination influenced learning efficacy during the

coronavirus lockdown, as mediated via self-regulated online learning (SROL) and

online learning during or after the coronavirus lockdown.

developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König. It is a dynamic model of

likely to procrastinate. (Steel et al.,2018) Temporal Motivational Theory explains

the processes of someone’s decision making or behavior. Temporal Motivational

think the importance of doing the task is unrecognized (Siaputra, 2010).

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

learning modality on selected grade 11 ABM learners in Colegio De San Gabriel.

This study is intended to answer the following questions:

1. Demographic profile includes:

2. How does procrastination affect students' lives?

3. How to beat procrastination?

4. How do students experience procrastination?

5. What is students' attitude towards procrastination?

impact of procrastination on students. This study will be especially beneficiary to