1.

Define Curve
It is a continuous map form one-dimensional space to n-dimensional space.
2. Name the three ways to describe curves mathematically
 Explicit
 Implicit
 Parametric curve
3. State the two approaches to model synthetic curve
 Interpolation
 approximation
4. Define open uniform B-Spline
Open uniform B-spline curve is a cross between uniform B-spline and non uniform B-
spline.
5. List down common surface entities used in a surface modeling
 Plane surface
 Riled surface
 Surface of revolution
 Tabulated surface
 Bezier surface
 B-spline surface
 Coons patch
 Fillet surface
 Offset surface
6. List the types of parametric Bi-cubic Surfaces used in CAD
 Hermite surfaces
 Bezier surfaces
 B-spline surfaces
7. State the advantages and disadvantages of surface modeling

Advantages

 It can be used to check the aesthetic look of the product

 As the surface models precisely define the part geometry such as surface and
boundaries, they can help to produce NC machine instructions automatically.

Disadvantages

 Interpolation of surface modelling is still ambiguous.

 Surface models require more computational time when compared to wire frame
models.
8. Write the applications of surface modeling
I. Exterior shell objects are modeled such as sheet metal works and thin molded
plastic parts. Other areas of applications of surface modeling are as follows.
II. Body panels of passenger cars, structural components of aircraft and marine
structures.
III. Plastic containers, telephones, impellers of pump and turbine, development of
surface for cutting shoe leather, glass marking etc.
9. Compare rational and non-rational curve
Rational curve is defined as the ratio of two polynomials whereas a non-rational
is defined by one polynomial
10. Sketch a multiple control points B-spline curve
11. Distinguish between cubic spline and Bezier curves.

12. Explain the different types of surfaces

13. Summarize the advantages of rational splines

14. Explain the properties of Bezier surface

I. Similar to Bezier surface, Bezier surface retain the convex hull property so that any
point on the actual surface will fall within the convex hull of the control points.

II. With Bezier curves, the curves will interpolate the first and last control points but it
will only approximate other control points.

III. With Bezier curves, 4 corners will interpolate and other 12 points in the control
mesh are only approximated.
Discuss the limitations of B-Spline curve

15. Define Data Exchange Standards in CAD

17.Brief the primary purpose of the GKS.

 GKS basically a set of procedures which can be called by user programs carry out
Certain generalized function such as arc,circle,ellipse etc.
 It is a standardized system ofgraphical functions for processing graphical data to
create and process 2D images.

16. What are the reasons for evolving a graphic standards?

17. Define communication Protocol

19. Mention Different File Section in IGES

18. Enumerate Open Graphics Library

21.Define STEP

22.Define PHIGS

23.Define GKS