SURAT DUKUNGAN

Penangkal Petir
LIGHTNING PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD

GUARDIAN Lightning Protection System 5

TESTED IN
ACCORDANCE
WITH IEC
62561-2

Comprehensive Lightning, Surge Protection & Earthing Solutions www.lpi.com.au

 LIGHTNING PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD
The LPI story
Lightning Protection International Pty
Ltd (LPI) is a fully Australian owned
manufacturer and supplier of direct
strike lightning protection, surge and
transient protection, and earthing /
grounding solutions.
LPI has provided specialist lightning
protection advice to customers for many
years in some of the most lightning-prone
areas of the world. LPI personnel have
extensive experience in risk management,
system design, training, installation,
certification, and commissioning of
lightning protection systems in a wide
variety of industry groups.
LPI maintains a third party Quality
Management System to AS/NZS
ISO 9001:2015.
LPI’s range of products and services
are exported from its head office,
research and manufacturing facility
in Tasmania, Australia as well as via
regional offices worldwide.
The company has been recognised
within Australia for its outstanding
export successes and has been awarded
several prestigious export awards.
2 L I G H T N I N G
LPI’s 4-Step Approach Active in Industry
to Lightning
Protection
It is the strategic aim of our company to
be able to provide a complete packaged
solution. LPI has identified 4 key steps
when considering the complete approach
to lightning protection. Ask for our 4-Step
approach to lightning protection.
OUR SYSTEM DESIGN
APPROACH INCLUDES
Definition and provision of area
1
protection
2 Creation of a bonded earthing
system
3 Protection of mains power lines
4 Protection of signal, data and
communication lines
P R O T E C T I O N I N T E R N AT I O N A L P T Y LT D w w w. l p i . c o m . a u
 GUARDIAN LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 5
LPI’s Guardian™ CAT System 5
LPI’s award-winning families of enhanced
air terminals have the following key
characteristics:
• First company to introduce corona-
minimising terminals with optimised blunt
design and four independent panels;
• Extensive field experience with more than
50,000 installations over 15+ years in
more than 75 countries around the world;
• Air terminal families designed to meet
direct-strike placement methodologies
in compliance with various international
standards; and
• Proven technology based on international
research findings, modelling and field
testing.
LPI’s GuardianTM System 5 provides a
purpose-designed package for direct-
strike lightning protection.
How does the LPI Guardian™ CAT Terminal operate?
A Guardian CAT terminal consists of a
blunt, earthed lightning rod surrounded by
electrically floating metal panels. Rounded
or blunt tips have been demonstrated
to be more efficient than sharp points
because of a reduced space charge effect.
This principle has been proven in tests
conducted at South Baldy Peak in central
New Mexico, USA.
(Source: “The Measurement of Lightning
Rod Responses to Nearby Strikes” by C.B.
Moore, G.D. Aulich and W. Rison / 2001.)
During the static thunderstorm phase,
when the electric fields are steady at 5-15
kV/m, the panels present as a relatively
low field intensification surface aided
by the blunt configuration of the rod tip.
STEP 1
Blunt, earthed
lightning rod
Air gap
Four electrically
floating panels
Downconductor
Lightning earth
3 L I G H T N I N G
1. A Family of LPI CAT (Controlled
Advanced Triggering) series air terminals.
2. A Fibreglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
mast which provides an insulated mast for
mounting of LPI CAT series air terminals.
3. A purpose designed LPI High Voltage
Shielded Cable (HVSC Plus) specifically
designed for the conveying of lightning
energy to ground. Alternatively, depending
This restricts the production of “corona”
or “point discharge” ions and is critical
because excessive production of ions
(corona) results in a “space charge cloud”
above the air terminal which tends to mask
the electrical field and inhibit the formation
and progression of an upward leaders.
(See step 1).
The panels are isolated from each other
as well as from the lightning rod to
allow the panels to rise in voltage due to
capacitive coupling with the approaching
downward leader, regardless of its
direction of approach. The electric field
increases as the lightning downward leader
approaches closer, causing increased
voltage difference between the panels and
the lightning rod. Eventually, the voltage
STEP 2
Capacitive coupling
Triggered arc across
air gap initiates streamer
Electrically isolated panels
rise in voltage as the
electric field increases
Downconductor
Lightning earth
P R O T E C T I O N I N T E R N AT I O N A L P T Y
on the local codes and applications, other
materials such as flat copper or aluminium
tape, smooth weave conductor or stranded
conductor may be used.
4. LPI Lightning Strike Recorder (LSR2)
which confirms system efficiency and
effectiveness.
5. An earthing system consisting of earth
rods, clamps, copper tapes and earth
enhancing compounds such as LPI RESLO,
SRIM PLUS or GRIP.
Guardian CAT Range
LPI offers Guardian CAT Terminal in high-
quality Stainless Steel.
CAT X SS – ZZ
X: CAT terminal model. Model I, II and III
ZZ: Blank for standard version,
GI for 2 inch BSP GI Pipe adaptor
rises to the point where a triggering arc
is generated between the panel and the
lightning rod. (See step 2). By design and
appropriate terminal placement, this arc
occurs at the right time to ensure the
resulting streamer will form a stable,
progressing upward leader. (See step 3).
The triggering arc has two key effects,
namely:
(i) It produces a large number of ions to
aid the initiation of an upward leader.
(ii) It causes a large increase in the electric
field at a critical distance from the air
terminal, aiding propagation through this
critical area. This ensures a more efficient
mode of protection with an enhanced area
of protection.
STEP 3
Formation of ionised
path for the lightning
discharge
Four electrically
isolated panels
Downconductor
Lightning earth
LT D w w w. l p i . c o m . a u
 GUARDIAN LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 5

Lightning Strike Recorder (LSR2)

Downconductors LPI has developed a LSR which is
LPI offers a comprehensive range of downconductors for designed for easy mounting on a
the safe and efficient passage of lightning energy to a downconductor to effectively count the
dedicated lightning earth. number of lightning strikes captured
by the Guardian CAT Terminal. LSR
Tester available on request, contact
LPI for details.

Lightning Protection Earths

The installation of a radial and rod arrangement is recommended
for each lightning protection earth. This earthing configuration
provides an effective means for the safe dissipation of the lightning
energy into the ground mass. All individual lightning earths should
be bonded together in a ring earth arrangement to minimise
ground loops and potential differences under transient conditions.
Compliance to all international standards requires an earth
resistance reading of less than 10 Ohms for the lightning earths.

25 mm x 3 mm
Earth Rods clamped to Copper Tape
Copper Tape
Tape Clamp

HVSC Plus has been tested by

a certified, independent high
Earth Pit
voltage laboratory located at
Monash University, Australia. Earth Rod
Clamp
Withstand Voltage ≥ 500 kV Each Radial Trench
is treated with
Earth Enhancing
LPI offers a selection of LPI Copper Tape
Compound
25 x 3 mm typically 3 Radial
downconductors and fixing Lengths of 10 m, 500 mm depth
accessories: with a maximum depth of 1000 mm

Refer to Guardian Installation graphic, page 5.

High Voltage Shielded

Cable (HVSC Plus) Key components of a lightning earth include:

Flat tapes –
∆ Earth Rods –
Copperbonded (threaded or
Bare, Tinned & unthreaded), Solid Copper
PVC Covered, Copper or Stainless Steel
and Aluminium
∆ Earth Enhancing
Compounds
Stranded Conductors - to assist in
Bare, Tinned and lowering soil
PVC Coated (Copper) resistance
Smooth Weave Conductors -
Bare Al, Cu and Tinned Copper ∆ Mechanical
Earth Pits
Clamps and

Downconductor Fixings Polymer earth pit

Concrete earth pit
and Connectors
∆ Earth Electrodes – Use of flat copper tape is
recommended as it provides greater
surface contact with the soil
mass as opposed to circular
or stranded copper
conductors

4 L I G H T N I N G P R O T E C T I O N I N T E R N AT I O N A L P T Y LT D w w w. l p i . c o m . a u
 GUARDIAN LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 5

Application
LPI GUARDIAN CAT TERMINAL
LPI’s Guardian CAT series terminals come in three sizes, ORDERING CODE: CAT I-SS
CAT II-SS
providing users with a tailored, customised design (provided by IMPORTANT: CAT III-SS
Guardian CAT terminal to be
LPI) for the application at hand. a minimum of 2 metres above
LPI UPPER TERMINATION KIT
ORDERING CODE: UTERMKIT-Mk3
the highest point of the
building. LPI SUPPORT MAST
LPI uses a software program called “CATCALC”. It takes into Recommended clearance ORDERING CODE: FRP-2M
height = 5 metres FRP-3M
consideration all of the key lightning parameters and site FRP-4M
factors relevant to the project, e.g., lightning activity, structure LPI INLINE COUPLING
height and dimensions, and level of protection (a choice of ORDERING CODE: ILCOUPLING
LPI GUY KIT
“Standard”, “High” and “Very High”). ORDERING CODE: GUYKIT-4M
GUYKIT-4M-SS
A key part of the calculations involves the identification and GUYKIT-7M
GUYKIT-7M-SS
allowance for “competing features” on the structure and LPI CABLE TIES
ORDERING CODE: SS-CABTIE-STD
elsewhere, which also have the ability to launch upward SS-CABTIES-L

leaders. Allowance for this phenomenon is critical, especially LPI HIGH VOLTAGE SHIELDED CABLE
ORDERING CODE: HVSCPLUS-PM
on tall structures and on sites that comprise more than one
LPI LOWER MAST ASSEMBLY WITH BASE
major structure. ORDERING CODE: ALUMB-3M
ALUMB-4M
ALUMB-5M
CATCALC designs are certified by LPI and therefore offer ALUMB-6M
additional security with regard to the provision of satisfactory
lightning protection levels, particularly in relation to the level of
lightning activity around the installation. LPI SADDLES AND FIXINGS
ORDERING CODE: SAD FIX
The protection radius computed for the Guardian CAT air BUILDING
terminals is dependent on a number of variables. The main
variables are:
• Structure height, via the original “Collection Volume”
model of Eriksson in 1987, where the striking distance has
a dependence not only on peak stroke current but also LPI HIGH VOLTAGE SHIELDED CABLE
structure height. ORDERING CODE: HVSCPLUS-PM

• The degree of electric field enhancement which depends on LPI LIGHTNING STRIKE RECORDER
ORDERING CODE: LSR2
the structure geometry, position of the CAT terminal on the
structure, the model of CAT terminal and any enhancement
multiplier effects due to sub-structures superimposed on LPI EARTH PIT
ORDERING CODE: EPIT-P, EPIT-C1D
the base structure.
LPI LOWER TERMINATION KIT
ORDERING CODE: LTERMKIT-Mk3
• The electric field distribution in the space between the
downward leader tip and the top of the structure or CAT LPI EARTHING SYSTEM
terminal. This calculation is based on a model of the LPI EARTH ENHANCING
TYPICAL PRODUCTS REQUIRED
FOR RADIAL & ROD LP EARTH:
COMPOUND
downward leader charge. ORDERING CODE:
4 X CBER3014
4 X RTC253
RESLO-20, SRIMPLUS-20, 1 X EPIT-P
• The velocity boundary that limits the striking distance GRIP-10 1 X RESLO-20
30 X FL6T253C
surface of the collection volume. This parameter is typically
defined via the velocity ratio of the downward and upward
leaders.
Structure height Protection Protection Protection
• Various other parameters, such as the cloud base height and
+ installed CAT Level - Level - Level -
the site altitude above sea level. 5 m above structure Very High High Standard

The table at right provides indicative attractive radii achieved CAT I CAT II CAT III CAT I CAT II CAT III CAT I CAT II CAT III
with the CAT terminals when placed according to the CVM / 10 35 40 50 50 60 70 70 80 90
IEEE Std. 998. 20 45 55 65 60 75 90 75 100 110
NOTE: Blank entries provide guidance on the structure height 30 50 60 75 70 85 100 80 110 120
at which the next model (larger size) of CAT terminal should be 50 70 85 95 110 120 130
used in order to provide optimum performance with regard to 80 75 90 100 120 120 130
space charge / corona effects, as described earlier. 100 75 90 115 120 128 130
The figures
in this table are 120 75 90 115 120 128 130
indicative only, a full
design should be completed 150 75 90 115 120 128 130
by LPI upon application.
All figures represented
as metres (m).

5 L I G H T N I N G P R O T E C T I O N I N T E R N AT I O N A L P T Y LT D w w w. l p i . c o m . a u
 GUARDIAN LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 5
Advantages of
Guardian Terminals
1. For most applications, a Guardian
System consists of a single CAT
lightning terminal which provides
an enhanced area of protection,
a single, purpose-designed,
insulated lightning downconductor
cable for sensitive structures, or
a conventional downconductors
for standard structures, and a low
impedance earthing system.
2. LPI’s CATCALC software can determine
the optimum number, height and
location of CAT terminals required
for your project.
3. The Guardian system can be installed to
comply with most lightning protection
standards. The predominant placement
method used in the CATCALC software
is the CVM, per IEEE Std. 998.
4. LPI’s Guardian system is simple to install
and requires no special maintenance.
5. LPI’s Guardian is a very economical
lightning protection solution whilst
providing superior security.
6. The design of LPI’s CAT terminals is
based on the most recent research,
development and improvements
within the industry.
Distributed by:
Research and Development
The company has an ongoing commitment throughout such countries as Australia,
to Research and Development. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, USA and South Korea.
LPI personnel and their associates have LPI has extensive experience with HV and
been involved in a number of field trials surge current laboratory testing, both
throughout lightning prone regions of in-house and at external, accredited
the world. This experience has extended laboratories around the world.
TESTED IN
ACCORDANCE
WITH IEC Disclaimer
62561-2 ∆ LPI maintains a policy of on-going product development,
specifications are subject to change without notice.
∆ Application detail, illustrations and schematic drawings are
representative only and should only be used as guides.
∆ It should be noted that 100% protection level for direct strike
lightning, lightning detection and surge and transient protection
equipment cannot be provided due to the lightning discharge
process being a random atmospheric event.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD
ABN 11 099 190 897
PO Box 379 Kingston, Tasmania, Australia 7051
49 Patriarch Drive, Huntingfield, Tasmania, Australia 7055
∆ Telephone: +61 3 6281 2475
∆ Email: info@lpi.com.au
∆ Web: www.lpi.com.au
© Copyright 2020 Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd. BR-GUARD-CAT-V8
Complies with NF C 17-102 Standard
Who is LPI?
Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd
(LPI) is a fully owned Australian manufacturer
and supplier of direct strike lightning, surge &
transient protection equipment and grounding
products to a wide range of industries
throughout the world.
LPI personnel and their associates have
combined experience over many years in servicing
customers throughout the world on many types of
projects in some of its most lightning prone areas.
Our personnel have vast experience in providing
direct strike area protection, surge and transient
protection and grounding solutions. Our extensive
experience has involved risk management, system
design, training, certification and installation and
commissioning in key industry groups such as:
LPI Product Offering
Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd offers a comprehensive
range of products and services as part of its complete solution
to your lightning problems. These products cover Direct strike
protection, surge and transient protection and grounding
solutions.
• Stormaster range of ESE Air terminals, compliant to NF C 17-102
• Guardian Lightning Protection System 5
• Conventional lightning protection
• Surge and Transient protection products for power lines
• Surge and Transient protection products for data,
communications and signal lines
• “EXOWELD” range of exothermic welding products for the
connection of grounding conductors
• Ground rods and accessories
• Earth Enhancing Compounds for the lowering of soil resistivity

• Telecommunications & Broadcasting • FRP Mast

• Aluminium
• Petrochemical, oil & gas Mast
• GI Pipe

• Highrise buildings and hotels – all types of

structures STORMASTER
DOWNCONDUCTOR
ESE Air Terminal
• Sporting centre and grounds – Golf courses,
race tracks, stadiums
• Aviation - Civil & Military High Voltage
Shielded Cable
• Mining – coal, gold, nickel, iron, copper,
bauxite etc.
• Industrial facilities of all kinds
• Defence – communications, surveillance Copper Tape

and storage of armaments

• Power generation and distribution
• Rail / transport systems
• Monuments / Ecological sites Ground Resistance Lightning
Improvement Powder Strike
(GRIP) Recorder
(LSR)
LPI’s Stormaster ESE
The LPI Stormaster ESE range of terminals provides a safe
and efficient system for the protection of your facility from
direct lightning strikes. The LPI Stormaster ESE terminal
captures the lightning energy at a preferred point.
The energy is conveyed to ground via downconductor(s).
When the energy enters the dedicated lightning earth, it is
safely dissipated without risk to personnel and equipment.

How does the LPI Stormaster ESE Terminal work?

The Stormaster Early Streamer Emission air terminal
uses the naturally occurring electrical field to complete
the timely release of an upward streamer. This process
provides for a safe and efficient method of controlling
dangerous lightning energy at a preferred point.
As a thunder storm gathers overhead the ambient electrical
field surrounding the Stormaster ESE begins to rise in
voltage. Upon the approach of a downleader towards the
protected area there is a rapid increase in the electric field
which initiates the triggering of an upward streamer from
the Stormaster ESE terminal. The concept of earlier allows
for a larger or enhanced area of protection to be provided
by the Stormaster ESE in comparison to a conventional rod.
With the release of the upward streamer from the finial
tip earlier than other competing structural points,
the Stormaster ESE terminal becomes a preferred
point for the capture of the lightning discharge
within the protected area.

The Stormaster ESE Range

LPI offers two models in STORMASTER-ESE-60
STORMASTER-ESE-50
it’s range of Early Streamer
Emission air terminals.

Both terminals have been

tested to NF C 17-102.

 Stormaster-ESE-50
 Stormaster-ESE-50-GI
 Stormaster-ESE-60
 Stormaster-ESE-60-GI

GI Model - For direct mounting to 2” dia. GI Pipe.

Lightning Strike Recorder (LSR)

LPI have developed a Lightning Strike Recorder (LSR) which is designed for
easy mounting on a downconductor to effectively count the number of lightning
strikes captured by the Stormaster ESE Terminal.

The LSR has a current sensitivity range of 1500A through to a maximum of

220KA @ 8/20 µs impulse and operates by sensing current by means of an
inductive pickup loop. The strike recorder has a mechanical 6 digit display
secured within a polycarbonate IP 67 rated enclosure. The LSR is self powered
and does not require the use of a battery or any external power source.
Certified Performance
As one of the leading companies in the field of lightning protection, LPI
has invested heavily in field and laboratory testing as part of its on-
going commitment to research and development.

Throughout the product development of the Stormaster ESE the

proto-type models were subjected to intense testing under high
voltage conditions. Following further refinements the Stormaster
terminals were subjected to final testing by an independently
accredited test laboratory which completed testing in full
compliance with the French National Standard NF C 17-102.
The final testing of Stormaster ESE terminals showed effective
performance as defined in the French National Standard.

The objective of the testing under NF C 17-102 is to

obtain a statistical result between a single reference
rod and the ESE terminal whereby a time
difference is obtained between the two and by
definition, a triggering time advance ΔT is
calculated. Safety margins are applied to
the measured values in order to provide
a conservative measured result.

Advantages of • LPI’s Stormaster ESE system is simple to install

and requires no special maintenance.
the Stormaster
• LPI’s Stormaster ESE system is a cost effective
ESE Terminal solution for providing your lightning protection
A typical Stormaster ESE installation whilst providing superior safety.
consists of a single Stormaster
ESE terminal with an enhanced
• The Stormaster ESE range of terminals have
been fully tested in accordance with NF C 17-102
area of protection and one or more
in a high voltage laboratory.
downconductors connected to a
dedicated low impedance lightning earth.

Ground Resistance
Improvement Powder (GRIP)
Ground Resistance Improvement Powder is a ground enhancing
material which is applied in and around an earthing system to reduce
the soil resistivity and lower ground impedance. GRIP is supplied in
10kg and 40kg kits and is particularly useful in difficult sites such as
sandy soils and rocky ground. LPI recommends the installation of a radial
lightning earth to aid in the efficient dissipation of the lightning energy.

Contact LPI or an authorised representative for design assistance and for

further details on LPI’s complete range of earth enhancing compounds.
Protection Performance
Rp3
The protection radius (Rp) of a Stormaster ESE terminal is h1 Rp2
calculated using the following formula as defined by the French Rp1
National Standard NF C 17-102 (July 1995). h2

Rp = √h(2D-h) + ΔT(2D + ΔT) for ≥5m where: h3

The following key parameters determine the calculation of RP.

• ΔT as established during the test.
Stormaster-ESE-50 = ΔT (µs) 50
Stormaster-ESE-60 = ΔT (µs) 60
• h = actual height of Stormaster terminal above the area to be
protected (m).
• D (in m) depends on the selected level of protection,
protection levels are specified in annex B of the standard
NF C 17-102.
D = 20m for protection level 1 (High Protection)
D = 45m for protection level 2 (Medium protection)
D = 60m for protection level 3 (Standard protection)

PROTECTION RADIUS (M) - (Rp)

h = height of Stormaster terminal 2 4 5 6 10 15 20 45 60
above area to be protected (m)
Protection Level 1 (High Protection)
Stormaster 50 28 55 68 69 69 70 70 - -
Stormaster 60 32 64 79 79 79 80 80 - -
Protection Level 2 (Medium Protection)
Stormaster 50 35 69 86 87 88 90 92 95 -
Stormaster 60 40 78 97 97 99 101 102 105
Protection Level 3 (Standard Protection)
Stormaster 50 38 76 95 96 98 100 102 110 110
Stormaster 60 44 87 107 107 109 111 113 120 120

Research and Development

The company has an ongoing commitment to Research and
Development.

LPI personnel and its associates have been involved in a number of field
trials throughout lightning prone regions of the world. This experience
has extended throughout such countries as Australia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka
the USA and South Korea.
LPI Endorsement LPI’s 4-Step Approach to
Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd forms Lightning Protection
“Partnerships” with our customers to provide complete
It is the strategic aim of our company to be able to provide a
lightning, surge and grounding solutions. Our core
complete packaged solution. LPI has identified 4 key steps when
competence is the ability to consistently deliver superior
considering the complete approach to lightning protection, ask for
performance, quality and value to customers in a broad
our “LPI 4 Step approach to lightning protection”.
range of market segments.

LPI’s Endorsement confirms our assurance of a long-

term partnership with our customers and endorses the
Our system
design approach
product quality and performance.
includes:
All products offered by LPI come
with the quality endorsement
and compliance with 1 Definition and provision of area protection
International standards 2 Creation of a bonded earthing system
and bodies wherever
3 Protection of power lines
possible.
4 Protection of signal, data and communication lines

Disclaimer LIGHTNING PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL PTY. LTD.

ABN 11 099 190 897
• LPI maintains a policy of on-going product development,
specifications are subject to change without notice. Complex 1,
16 Mertonvale Circuit, Kingston
• Application detail, illustrations and schematic drawings are Tasmania, Australia 7050.
representative only and should be used as guides.
Telephone: + 61 3 6227 1955
• It should noted that 100% (100 percent) protection level Facsimile: + 61 3 6229 1900
for direct strike lightning and surge and transient protection Email: info@lpi.com.au
equipment is not possible and cannot be provided due to the
lightning discharge process being a natural atmospheric event. Web: www.lpi.com.au

©Copyright 2003 Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd. BR-STORM-V1