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Chapter 4 Pre-assessment preparation booklet

1. Identify the three categories health status among population groups in Australia can be divided into.
1.
2.
3.
As you complete the following questions keep in mind that you will need to be able to relate the above three areas to

 Indigenous and non-Indigenous

 Males and females
 High and low socioeconomic groups
 Living within and outside of Australia’s major cities

4.2 Biological factors contributing to variations in health status

2. What do biological factors relate to
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3. List the 6 biological factors that impact health status

4.2.1 Body Weight

4. What is BMI?

5. How can having a high BMI (obesity) impact the burden of disease (increase the
chances of getting other conditions)?
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6. What other health concerns can be linked to high body mass? List 7.

7. How could having a high body mass impact a person’s social H&W?
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8. How could having a high body mass impact a person’s physical H&W?
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9. You should be able to link high body mass to each of the dimensions
Mental –
Spiritual –
Emotional –
4.2.2 Blood pressure
10. What is blood pressure?
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11. What is hypertension?
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12. What body organs have to work harder is a person has hypertension?
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13. What other conditions can hypertension contribute to?

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14. What are the risk factors for hypertension?
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4.2.3 Blood cholesterol

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Referring to page 112
15. What happens if excess fat if not used?
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16. Saturated and trans fats impact cholesterol. There is ‘good’ fat and ‘bad’ fat. What is the difference?
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17. What is atherosclerosis?

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18. Back to page 131. What is too much LDL cholesterol a key factor of
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19. What can increase the risk of high blood cholesterol?
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4.2.4 Glucose regulation

20. What is glucose?
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21. What happens if blood glucose levels rise?
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22. What is impaired glucose regulation and what is it a precursor to?
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23. How can impaired glucose regulation occur?
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24. If people have impaired glucose regulation what are they more likely to suffer from and what can they contribute
to?
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25. As people age the _______________ of impaired glucose regulation increases.
26. What can be done to reduce the incidence of impaired glucose regulation?
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4.2.5 Birth weight

27. What is considered to be low birth weight?
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28. What can be the impact of a low birth weight?

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29. What can cause low birth weight?

4.2.6 Genetics
30. What does genetics control?
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31. What are hormones responsible for?
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32. What happens at menopause?
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33. What is osteoporosis?
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34. What is the link between oestrogen and cardiovascular disease?

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35. What is the link between oestrogen and body fat?
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4.3 Sociocultural factors contributing to variations in health status

36. What are sociocultural factors? List 8
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37. People who experience poor sociocultural conditions experience worse health status in all societies. Do you agree?
Explain your thinking
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4.3.1 Socioeconomic status
38. What are the tree factors that determine socioeconomic status
1.
2.
3.

39. What is health literacy?

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4.3.2 Unemployment
40. What is the link between unemployment and health status identified by AIHW (2006)?
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41. Explain Figure 4.13.
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4.3.3 Social connections and social exclusion
42. What is social connections?
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43. What is social exclusion?
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44. List 4 characteristics the can lead to social exclusion. (there are 8 to chose from)

4.3.4 Social isolation

45. What is social isolation?
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46. What are some of the barriers that contribute to social isolation?
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47. How can social isolation affect a person’s mental H&W?
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4.3.5 Cultural norms

48. What do cultural norms relate to?
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49. How can cultural norms of Indigenous Australians differ to non-Indigenous Australians?
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4.3.6 Food Security
50. What is food security and food insecurity?
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Food security Food insecurity

51. How can income and nutritional knowledge affect what people eat?
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4.3.7 Early life experiences
52. How can the behaviours of women during pregnancy impact their baby?
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53. What can the behaviours above lead to?
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54. How can abuse or neglect have an impact on a developing child?
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4.3.8 Access to healthcare
55. What does healthcare refer to?
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56. Who carries out these services in Australia?
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57. List some of the barriers to accessing healthcare.
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4.4 Environmental factors contributing to variations in health status

58. What do environmental factors relate to (in this course)
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59. List the 4 factors to be explored here.
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4.4.1 Housing
60. Identify the 8 concerns of the home environment that can contribute to variations in health status and provide
triggers to help you remember discussion points that can be used in an exam response

Ventilation and hygiene - Design and safety -

Overcrowding - Sleeping conditions -

Security - Pollutants -

Resources conducive to eating a nutritionally Access to water and sanitation facilities -

sound diet -

4.4.2 Work environment

61. Identify how the following can impact health status – again use trigger words and create where possible flow
charts

UV exposure
e.g. UV -> increased risk of skin cancer – impact physical H&W

Dangerous working conditions

Exposure to hazardous substances

4.4.3 Urban design and infrastructure

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62. What does this relate to?
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63. What are some examples of resources that could be discussed in relation to geographical location?
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64. Provide some examples of infrastructure.

Adequately maintained roads and traffic systems

Public transport

ICT

Electricity

Water

Adequate sanitation infrastructure

Access to public spaces

4.4.4 Climate and climate change

65. How does climate impact health status?
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66. What are some of the climate change concerns?
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67. Who are the most vulnerable Australians to be impacted by climate change?
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Moving forward we now need to be able to relate all of this to the following population groups and identify how each
of the demographics below experience variations in their health status.

i. Indigenous and non-Indigenous

ii. Males and females

iii. High and low socioeconomic groups

iv. Living within and outside of Australia’s major cities