Kyansittha

Kyansittha
ကျန်စစ်သ ား

Statue of Kyansittha at the Ananda Temple

King of Burma

Reign 21 April 1084 – 1112/13

Predecessor Saw Lu

Successor Alaungsithu

Born 21 July 1030

Tuesday, 5th waning of Wagaung 392 ME

Payeimma, Sagaing
 Died 1112/13 (aged ~82)

474 ME

Pagan

Consort Apeyadana

Thanbula

Khin Tan

Manisanda

Issue Shwe Einthi

Yazakumar

Regnal name

Śrī Tribhuvanāditya Dhammarāja

House Pagan

Father Anawrahta

Mother Pyinsa Kalayani

Religion Theravada Buddhism

This article contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes,
or other symbols instead of Burmese script.

Kyansittha (Burmese: ကျန်စစ်သ ား, pronounced [tɕàɰ̃sɪʔθá]; also spelt

as Kyanzittha or Hti-Hlaing Shin;[1] 1030 – 1112/13) was king of Pagan
dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1084 to 1112/13, and is considered one of the
greatest Burmese monarchs. He continued the social, economic and cultural reforms
begun by his father, King Anawrahta. Pagan became an internationally recognized
power during his 28-year reign. The Burmese language and culture continued to gain
ground.
In his early life, Kyansittha was a popular and successful general who led
Anawrahta's major military campaigns that founded the Pagan Empire. He was
exiled twice in the 1070s and 1080s for his affair with Queen Manisanda. Kyansittha
ascended to the Pagan throne in 1084 after suppressing a major Mon rebellion that
killed King Saw Lu.[2]
His reign was largely peaceful. A great admirer of Mon culture, he pursued a
conciliatory policy towards the Mon of the south, and continued the patronage
of Mon language and culture at his court. It was in his reign that the synthesis
of Burman, Mon, Pyu and Buddhist practices into a Burmese cultural tradition began
to reach a level of maturity. The Burmese script began to be used
alongside Pyu, Mon, and Pali. A peaceful Pagan grew wealthy from agriculture and
trade, and large scale temple building began in earnest. Kyansittha completed
Anawrahta's Shwezigon Pagoda and built his crowning achievement, the Ananda
Temple. Pagan became a major center of Buddhist learning. Theravada
Buddhism continued to gain ground although
many Ari, Mahayana and Brahminical practices continued to pervade. Pagan
emerged a major power alongside the Khmer Empire in Southeast Asia, recognized
as a sovereign kingdom by the Chinese Song Dynasty, and Indian Chola dynasty.
Kyansittha is one of the most famous monarchs in Burmese history. His life stories
and exploits are still retold in Burmese literature, theater, and cinema.

Early life[edit]
Much of Kyansittha's early life, like much of early Pagan history, is shrouded in
legend. Many of the stories given in the Burmese chronicles attributed to Kyansittha
are legends, with a heavy touch of literary flourish.
Parentage[edit]
According to the chronicles, Kyansittha was born to Princess Pyinsa Kalayani of
Wethali and Anawrahta, then a senior prince at the court of King Sokkate. He grew
up away from Anawrahta's court after Anawrahta banished his mother who was
pregnant with him to the countryside because Anawrahta was led to believe that she
was not of royal blood. The chronicles also speculate that Kyansittha's real father
might not be Anawrahta but Yazataman, the Pagan official who guarded Pyinsa
Kalayani during her journey to Pagan.[3] Nonetheless, the chronicles accept that he
was a legal son of Anawrahta per Burmese customary law, which says a child born
in wedlock is presumed to have been begotten by the husband.[4] At any rate, a stone
inscription at the Hledauk Pagoda in Taungbyon says that it was donated by
Kyansittha, son of Anawrahta.[5]
Birth date[edit]
The chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign. The table
below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles.[6]

Birth– Length of
Chronicles Age Reign
Death reign

1030– 1084–
Zatadawbon Yazawin 80 27
1111 1111

1004– 1063[note 1]–

Maha Yazawin 84 25
1088 1088
 1032– 1064–
Yazawin Thit 61 29
1093 1093

1021– 1064–
Hmannan Yazawin 71 28
1092 1092

Moreover, according to Zata, considered the most accurate chronicle for the dates of
the best-known Pagan and Ava kings,[7] Kyansittha was born on 21 July 1030, and
was about 19 years older than Saw Lu. Maha Yazawin says Kyansittha was about
four years older but the two later chronicles Yazawin Thit and Hmannan say
Kyansittha was about a year younger than Lu. If Hmannan is correct about
Kyansittha's age at death, Kyansittha was born in 1041.[note 2]
Inconsistent chronicle narratives[edit]
Furthermore, the chronicle narratives are filled with many inconsistencies. The
chronicles claim that Anawrahta was already king when Pyinsa Kalayani was sent.
But Anawrahta did not become king until 1044. Kyansittha had been born at least
since 1030. Moreover, it was unlikely that the ruler of Wethali would have sent his
daughter to Anawrahta who until 1044 was a prince but not to Sokkate, the king
himself. The chronicles also claim that King Anawrahta tried to kill off all babies in
the year that Kyansittha was born because his astrologers predicted that a new born
would be king. Again, Anawrahta was not the king.
The meaning of the name Kyansittha[edit]
Kyansittha's birth name is lost to history. According to the Shwezigon
Pagoda inscriptions dedicated by Kyansittha himself, the name Kyansittha is a title
given by Anawrahta. The king gave him the title Kyansittha which means "the
remaining/last standing soldier" because of the latter's knack for surviving in the
battlefield.[8] But according to historian George Coedes, it is a corruption of the Pali
word, kalan cacsa, meaning "soldier-official".[9]

Military career (1057–1070s)[edit]

Kyansittha grew up in relative obscurity until Anawrahta recalled his son at a later
point (likely by his early teens). At Anawrahta's court, he was a minor prince under
the shadow of his elder half-brother Saw Lu, and served as a royal cadet in the
Pagan army. Anawrahta soon recognized the ability of his son. According to
tradition, in early 1057, the king made his teenage son one of four lead commanders
in his invasion of Thaton Kingdom. (Anawrahta's appointment of Kyansittha as
commander at such an early age indicates that Anawrahta considered Kyansittha his
offspring. During the Burmese imperial era, only the royalty were allowed to assume
a senior position in the army at an early age. Commoners, who had to earn that
privilege over years of service, were never that young.) Pagan's forces captured
Thaton after a 3-months' siege in May 1057. Kyansittha became famous as one of
the Four Paladins.[10][11]
More recent research by historian Michael Aung-Thwin accepts Anawrahta's
conquest of Lower Burma but argues that the chronicle narrative of the conquest of
Thaton is a post-Pagan legend.[12]
Anawrahta went on found the Pagan Empire (also known as the First Burmese
Empire) expanding his authority in all directions: northern Arakan in the west, Shan
Hills in the north and east, and Tenasserim in the south. Kyansittha partook in all of
Anawrahta's expeditions including one to the Nanzhao Kingdom, and in some cases
(such as the Tenasserim campaign against the Khmer Empire) led them. Soon after
the Thaton conquest, Kyansittha along with his three other "Paladins" were sent to
take control of Tenasserim. The Four Paladins defeated the Khmer army, and
Tenasserim became part of Pagan Empire from then on.[11]
In the early 1070s, Kyansittha was called into service to defend Pegu (Bago) against
the raiders from the direction of Chiang Mai. The Pagan army easily drove out the
raiders. The ruler of Pegu, whom Anawrahta had allowed to remain as viceroy for his
cooperation in the 1057 conquest of Thaton, sent his young daughter, the lady Khin
U, jewels and hair relics as presents for Anawrahta. On the journey to Pagan, Khin U
was borne in a curtained litter, and Kyansittha rode at her side. During the long
journey, they fell in love with each other so violently that the matter had to be
reported to Anawrahta. It was the end of Kyansittha's career. He was sent into exile
by the king.[13]
The Burmese chronicles report his exile with a touch of literary flourish. Kyansittha
was brought bound into the presence, and Anawrahta taunted him for a time until
with his anger rising, he hurled his fairy spear Areindama. But Kyansittha's hour had
not yet come. The spear missed, grazing his skin and severing the ropes that bound
him. He picked up the famous spear and fled never to return. His flight over hill and
dale still forms a favorite subject of Burmese theater.[13]

Exile years (1070s–1082)[edit]

Kyansittha fled west, and at a time, he earned a living by tending horses. He
finally settled at Kaungbyu (likely in the Sagaing District), and married Thanbula,
niece of the head abbot of the local monastery. He was in his early 30s. He lived
there for the remainder of Anawrahta's reign until 1077.
In April 1077, Anawrahta died, and his son Lu succeeded. Lu, who had always
viewed Kyansittha as a rival, reluctantly recalled Kyansittha to Pagan, at the
urging of Shin Arahan, primate of Pagan, to help administer the kingdom.
Kyansittha left a pregnant Thanbula at Kaungbyu. At Pagan, he soon renewed
his affair with Khin U (now with the title of Manisanda), who was now a queen of
Lu. Kyansittha was promptly exiled again, this time much farther away
to Dala (modern-day Yangon).[14]

Pegu rebellion (1082–1084)[edit]

In 1082, Saw Lu faced a serious rebellion by his childhood friend Yamankan,
whom he had appointed governor of Pegu. The king recalled Kyansittha to put
down the rebellion. At a battle near Magwe, Lu was captured in November 1082
(Natdaw 444 ME).[15] Ministers offered Kyansittha the crown. But he refused.
Instead he personally tried to rescue Lu by breaking into the enemy camp at
night. Seated on Kyansittha's shoulders and well on the way to safety, Lu thought
Kyansittha was kidnapping him to kill him. After all, he had never treated
Kyansittha well, and could not believe that Kyansittha would risk his life to rescue
someone who had treated him badly. Yamankan on the other hand was his
childhood friend, and son of his wet nurse.
Lu had yelled out, "Kyansittha is stealing me!"
Kyansittha exclaiming, "Then die, thou fool; die the death of a dog at the hands of
these scum", flung him down, and ran for his life. He swam across the Irrawaddy,
and eventually made back to safety.
Yamankan promptly executed Lu, and marched to Pagan. Unable to
blockade the fortified walls of Pagan, his army drifted north to near the
present-day Ava (Inwa).
Kyansittha went to the Kyaukse region, the breadbasket of Pagan, to
raise an army. He received allegiance from the chief of Htihlaing, who
helped him raise men. With his army, Kyansittha drove Yamankan out.
Yamankan's army fled south while Yamankan fled on a barge full of gold
and gems he had looted down the Irrawaddy. Kyansittha and his army
followed up on the retreating Peguan forces. Midway to the Pegu country,
Kyansittha's advance forces caught up with Yamankan near Myingyan.
Yamankan, who was blind in one eye, was killed by an arrow through his
remaining good eye.[16]
According to the chronicle Zatadawbon Yazawin, Kyansittha and
Yamankan fought a battle c. April 1083 (Kason of 445 ME).[note 3] The battle
may not be the final battle in which Yamankan was slain
since Zatadawbon says Saw Lu died in 1084 after having reigned seven
years. However, other chronicles (Hmannan and Yazawin Thit) say he
reigned only for five years, followed by an interregnum that lasted till
1084—implying that Saw Lu died in late 1082 or early 1083.[6] At any rate,
Kyansittha came to power in 1084, per the Myazedi inscription.

Accession[edit]
At Pagan, Kyansittha was once proclaimed king on 21 April 1084.[17] The
coronation ceremony may have been two years later, in 1086.[18] He
ascended to the throne with the title Śrī Tribhuvanāditya
Dhammarāja (ဂ ြီတတြိဘဝ
ု န ဒြိတျဓမ္မရ ဇ).[19] The title's meaning is "Fortunate
Buddhist King, Sun of the Three Worlds".[20] He was joined by his three
queens:

• Apeyadana, his first wife, with whom he had a daughter Shwe Einsi
• Khin Tan, daughter of chief of Htihlaing
• Manisanda, the lady Khin U for whom he had endured exile twice
His wife from his first exile Thanbula was not present. She would later
come and see him with their son Yazakumar later.

Reign[edit]
Myazedi inscription, earliest surviving stone inscription in Burmese

Rule of Pagan Empire[edit]

Kyansittha strengthened the foundations of Pagan Empire which
Anawrahta had built. Although he suppressed the Mon rebellion, he
pursued a conciliatory policy towards the Mon. Having spent seven years
in the Mon country in exile, the king had a genuine respect for the Mon
culture, and kept Mon scholars at his court. The language of most of his
epigraphs is Mon (likely because the Burmese script was still coming into
its own). The Mon language was widely used among the ruling elite, and
the Pyu language continued to be a cultural force as well.[21]
His policy proved effective. The rest of his reign saw no more rebellions in
the south. Elsewhere too was largely peaceful. (He did send an expedition
to northern Arakan because the tributary kingdom in the west had come
under attack by the lord of southern Arakan. His troops repelled the attack
but could not catch the lord.)[22]
Pagan's power did not go unnoticed. The Khmer Empire, the other
Southeast Asian power, stopped raiding southern Pagan territory. When
Pagan sent an embassy to the Chinese Song court in 1106, the Chinese
met the Burmese envoys with the full rites accorded only sovereign
kingdoms.[22]
Gradual growth of Burmese language[edit]
The use of Burmese vernacular continued to gain strength among the
populace although it was still junior to more established languages
of Pyu and Mon. (Pali had already replaced Sanskrit as the liturgical
language since 1057.) The earliest evidence of a more settled Burmese
script was the Myazedi inscription, dedicated to him in 1112 when the king
was on his deathbed. The use of Pyu began to decline.[23]
The first ever mention of the word "Myanmar" (the literary name of
the Burmans (Bamar)) appeared in the epigraph of his new palace, built
between December 1101 and April 1102.
Religious affairs[edit]

The Ananda Temple, Pagan (Bagan)

Kyansittha guided by Shin Arahan continued Anawrahta's policies to

reform the Buddhism of Pagan, which was a mix of Ari
Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Theravada Buddhism and Hinduism. He
gave sanctuary to Buddhists fleeing India (which had just come under
Muslim rule). The king entertained eight learned Indian monks for three
months, listening to their stories. Enthralled by the description of their
great cave temple of Ananta in the Udayagiri hills of Orissa, the king
commissioned the Ananda Temple in imitation.[22] He also completed
the Shwezigon Pagoda which Anawrahta began.
Nonetheless, historians contend that even the reformed religion of Shin
Arahan, Anawrahta, Kyansittha and other Pagan kings was one still
strongly influenced by Hinduism when compared to later more orthodox
(18th and 19th century) standards.[24] Indeed, with the approval of primate
Shin Arahan, Kyansittha believed Vishnu was his patron.[23]
Succession[edit]
Kyansittha appointed his grandson Sithu (later Alaungsithu) as heir
apparent because he thought he did not have a son. It turned out that he
had forgotten the pregnant wife he left in Kaungbyu when he first recalled
to Pagan in 1078. Thanbula gave birth to a boy, and did not learn of
Kyansittha's ascent to the throne right away. When she finally came to the
Pagan to meet Kyansittha with their son, the king did not want to go back
on his word. Instead he appointed the boy the titular lord of Arakan with
the title of Yazakumar (Pali: Rajakumar, lit. King's son). Alaungsithu
succeeded him.

Death[edit]
Kyansittha died in either 1112 or 1113 after a long illness.[note 4] He was
either 82 or 83.

Legacy[edit]
Kyansittha is regarded as one of the greatest Burmese monarchs for
saving the nascent Pagan Empire and making it stronger. His continuation
of Anawrahta's social, economic and religious policies transformed the
kingdom to a major regional power. His reign is generally understood as
the time when the assimilation of various cultural traditions (Mon, Pyu and
Burman) began to meld into a common Burmese cultural tradition that
would come to dominate the Irrawaddy valley.[21]
In popular culture[edit]
Kyansittha is remembered as a romantic warrior king. He was popular
throughout his reign and after. His life stories and exploits are still retold
in Burmese literature, theater, and cinema.

• In Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, MOBA from Moonton, the character

Minsitthar is based on Kyansittha.[25]
Commemorations[edit]
• Team Kyansittha is one of four student teams into which all students
in every Burmese primary and secondary school are organized. The
other three teams are named after the greatest Burmese
heroes: Bayinnaung, Alaungpaya and Bandula.
• UMS Kyan Sittha, Myanmar Navy Frigate

Notes[edit]
1. ^ (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 184–185): Saw Lu died in 423 ME (1061–1062
CE), and his death was followed by two years interregnum. Kyansittha
succeeded the throne only in 425 ME (1063–1064 CE).
2. ^ (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 286) says he came to power at age 43 (in his 44th
year). Since Kyansittha came to power in 446 ME (1084/1085 CE)
per Myazedi Inscription and Zata, it means he was born in 403 ME
(1041/1042 CE).
3. ^ (Zata 1960: 84): The battle took place in Kason 445 ME ( 21 March 1083
to 19 April 1083). But since the new year's day of 445 ME fell on 26 March
1083 (6th waxing of Kason 445), Kason 445 only began on 6th waxing of
Kason. Thus, the battle took place between 26 March and 19 April 1083.
4. ^ Although Zatadawbon Yazawin says he died in 473 ME (March 1111 to
March 1112 CE), the Myazedi Inscription, inscribed in 474 ME (March 1112
to March 1113), confirms that the king was in his deathbed but still alive at
the time of inscription. (Htin Aung 1970: 41): According to Gordon Luce, a
"less reliable Early Ava inscription" says Kyansittha's successor Sithu I had
been on the throne for 37 years in 1151 CE, meaning Sithu I came to power
in 1114 CE. Luce takes the middle of 1112 and 1114, gives the year of
death as 1113. Htin Aung is highly skeptical of the assessment since Luce
has given weight to a non-contemporary inscription, which by Luce's own
admission, is "less reliable" [Luce's quotes].

References[edit]
1. ^ Retired Captain, Hla Shwe (2012). General Knowledges and Notes.
Yangon, Burma: Golden Family Bookhouse. p. 68.
2. ^ Coedès 1968: 155–157
3. ^ Harvey 1925: 23–24
4. ^ Htin Aung 1970: 32
5. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: xxvii–xxviii, in the 1963 preface by Hsan Tun
6. ^ Jump up to:a b Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 348
7. ^ Aung-Thwin 2005: 121–123
8. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 233
 9. ^ Cœdès 1966: 114
10. ^ Harvey 1925: 27
11. ^ Jump up to:a b Htin Aung 1967: 33
12. ^ Aung-Thwin 2005: 104–118
13. ^ Jump up to:a b Harvey 1925: 31–32
14. ^ Harvey 1925: 34
15. ^ (Zata 1960: 83): 9th month (Natdaw) of 444 ME = 23 October 1082 to 20
November 1082.
16. ^ Harvey 1925: 37
17. ^ (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 111, footnote 2): Full moon of 446 ME = 21
aPRIL 1084
18. ^ Than Tun 1964: 122
19. ^ Taw, Blagden 1911: 216
20. ^ Htin Aung 1967: 44
21. ^ Jump up to:a b Tarling 1999: 166
22. ^ Jump up to:a b c Harvey 1925: 38-44
23. ^ Jump up to:a b Htin Aung 1967: 41
24. ^ Lieberman 2003: 115–116
25. ^ "Minsitthar, Hero Fighter Mobile Legends yang Bikin Lawan
Kewalahan". Tribun Timur (in Indonesian). 20 November 2018.

Bibliography[edit]
• Cœdès, George (1966). The making of South East Asia. University of
California Press.
• Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States
of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii
Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
• Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to
10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
• Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and
London: Cambridge University Press.
• Htin Aung, Maung (1970). Burmese History before 1287: A Defence
of the Chronicles. Oxford: The Asoka Society.
• Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th
printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
• Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in
Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland.
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
• Maha Sithu (1798). Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing
(eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2012, 2nd printing ed.).
Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
• Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein)
(ed.). Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research
Directorate of the Union of Burma.
• Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in
Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information,
Myanmar.
• Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia:
Early Times to c. 1500. ISBN 9780521663694.
• Taw, Sein Ko; Blagden, C.O. (1911). "Royal Asiatic Society of Great
Britain and Ireland". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great
Britain and Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland:
209–216. JSTOR 25189843.
 • Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol. 1.
Yangon: Maha Dagon.

Kyansittha
Pagan Dynasty
Born: 21 July 1030 Died: 1112/13

Regnal titles

Preceded by King of Burma Succeeded by

Saw Lu 1084–1112/13 Sithu I

hide

• v

• t

• e
Burmese monarchs

• Pyinbya

• Tannet

• Sale

• Theinhko

• Nyaung-u Sawrahan

• Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu

• Kyiso

• Sokkate

• Anawrahta

Pagan dynasty
• Saw Lu

• Kyansittha
849–1297
• Sithu I

• Narathu

• Naratheinkha

• Sithu II

• Htilominlo

• Naratheinga Uzana1

• Kyaswa

• Uzana

• Narathihapate

• Kyawswa2
 • Athinkhaya1, Yazathingyan1 and Thihathu1

• Thihathu

• Uzana I
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms • Sithu1
1297–1364 • Kyawswa I

• Kyawswa II

• Narathu

• Uzana II

• Saw Yun

• Tarabya I

Sagaing Kingdom
• Anawrahta I

• Kyaswa
1315–1364
• Anawrahta II

• Tarabya II

• Minbyauk Thihapate

• Thado Minbya

• Swa Saw Ke

• Tarabya

• Minkhaung I

• Thihathu

• Min Hla

• Kale Kye-Taung Nyo

Kingdom of Ava
• Mohnyin Thado

• Minye Kyawswa I
1364–1555
• Narapati I

• Thihathura

• Minkhaung II and Thihathura II

• Narapati II

• Sawlon3 and Thohanbwa3

• Hkonmaing3

• Narapati III3

• Narapati IV3

• Wareru
Hanthawaddy Kingdom • Hkun Law
1287–1539, 1550–1552 • Saw O
• Saw Zein
 • Zein Pun

• Saw E

• Binnya E Law

• Binnya U

• Maha Dewi1

• Razadarit

• Binnya Dhammaraza

• Binnya Ran I

• Binnya Waru

• Binnya Kyan

• Leik Munhtaw

• Shin Sawbu

• Dhammazedi

• Binnya Ran II

• Takayutpi

• Smim Sawhtut4

• Smim Htaw4

• Saw Mon

• Khayi

• Ba Saw Phyu

• Dawlya

• Ba Saw Nyo

• Ran Aung

• Salingathu

• Raza

• Gazapati
Mrauk U Kingdom • Saw O
1429–1785 • Thazata

• Minkhaung

• Min Bin

• Dikkha

• Saw Hla

• Sekkya

• Phalaung
• Razagyi

• Khamaung
• Thiri Thudhamma
 • Sanay

• Narapati

• Thado

• Sanda Thudhamma

• Thiri Thuriya

• Wara Dhammaraza

• Muni Thudhammaraza

• Sanda Thuriya I

• Nawrahta

• Mayuppiya

• Kalamandat

• Naradipati

• Sanda Wimala I

• Sanda Thuriya II

• Sanda Wizaya

• Sanda Thuriya III

• Naradipati II

• Narapawara

• Sanda Wizala

• Madarit

• Nara Apaya

• Thirithu

• Sanda Parama

• Apaya

• Sanda Thumana

• Sanda Wimala II

• Sanda Thaditha

• Maha Thammada

• Thado Minsaw
Prome Kingdom • Bayin Htwe
1482–1542 • Narapati5

• Minkhaung5

• Mingyi Nyo

Toungoo dynasty
• Tabinshwehti
• Bayinnaung
1510–1752
• Nanda
• Nyaungyan
 • Anaukpetlun

• Minye Deibba

• Thalun

• Pindale

• Pye

• Narawara

• Minye Kyawhtin

• Sanay Min

• Taninganway Min

• Mahadhammaraza Dipadi

estored Hanthawaddy Kingdom • Smim Htaw Buddhaketi

1740–1757 • Binnya Dala

• Alaungpaya

• Naungdawgyi

• Hsinbyushin

• Singu

• Phaungka
Konbaung dynasty
• Bodawpaya
1752–1885
• Bagyidaw

• Tharrawaddy

• Pagan

• Mindon
• Thibaw

• 1 Regent or Co-Regent

• 2 Mongol vassal (1297)

• 3 Confederation of Shan States (1527–55)

• 4 Brief revival (1550–52)

• 5 Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

Categories:

• Pagan dynasty
• Burmese generals
• 1030 births
• 1112 deaths
• 11th-century Burmese monarchs
• 12th-century Burmese monarchs