John Michael E.

Sales 13/01/2023
Sir Marvin Maquilan BET- AT - S

Different Types and Classification of Engine

Types of Fuel Used

Petrol engine
Diesel engine
Gas engine

According to Cycle of Operation

Otto cycle engine
Diesel cycle engine
The dual combustion cycle engine

Number of Strokes per Cycle

Four-stroke engine
Two-stroke engine

Classified by type of ignition

Hot spot ignition engine
Spark ignition (S.I.) engine
Compression ignition (C.I.) engine

Number of Cylinders
Single-cylinder engine Eight-cylinder engine
Two-cylinder engine Twelve-cylinder engine
Three-cylinder engine Sixteen cylinder engine
Four-cylinder engine
Six-cylinder engine
Classified by Valve arrangement
L-head engine
I-head engine
F-head engine
T-head engine

Classified by Cooling System

Air-cooled engine
Water-cooled engine
Evaporation cooling engine

Engines are majorly classified into Two types , They are INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE & EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

A) EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE:

External combustion Engine or EC engines are Heat Engines , Here the heat source is provided outside the engine and its
transferred through wall or some devices like Heat Exchanger . The Best example for the External Combustion Engine is The
Steam Engine & Power Plants area also uses EC Engines .

B) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE:

Internal Combustion Engines or IC Engines are the most commonly used in most type of vehicles , here the combustion takes
place in the combustion chamber , it works on the principle of idle gas law . This IC Engine is further classified into two types
they are RECIPROCATING ENGINE & ROTARY ENGINE.

ROTARY ENGINE:

Here in this type of engine its using an eccentric rotary design to convert the pressure (along the walls of the combustion
chamber )into rotary motion . The main advantages of this ROTARY ENGINE is that its produces stable torque and its compact
and weightless when compared to RECIPROCATING ENGINES . The Disadvantages of the ROTARY ENGINES are they are having low
Thermal Efficiency and Uneven Temperature occurs due to the sealing of the Rotor & The Fuel Economy is very poor .
RECIPROCATING ENGINE :

This is the most common type of Engine which is used in commercial vehicle and even in industrial machine driven through
Engines , Basically it converts the Chemical energy(given fuel) into Mechanical Energy . This RECIPROCATING ENGINE IS Further
divided into two types they are SPARK IGNITION & COMPRESSION IGNITION.

COMPRESSION IGNITION :

These engines are commonly known as Diesel Engines .Here in this type of engine the combustion of the fuel is done by
compressing the fuel, while compression of the fuel at certain point the temperature reaches the ignition temperature of the
fuel so the fuel get ignited . The Advantages of Compression Ignition is that It produce more power , It Has high working
efficiency & Low fuel cost . The Main Disadvantages of Compression ignition engine is that It produce more noise and more
Vibration , The engine is more heavier & High maintenance cost

SPARK IGNITION :

These engines are commonly known as the Petrol Engine , This type is commonly used in motorcycles and Cars . Here the fuel
is ignited with the help of a spark from the spark plug . when the compression cycle takes place once the piston reaches the TDC
(Top Dead Center ) the ignition takes place in the spark plug . This spark ignition is Further divided into two types 2 STROKE &
4 STROKE ENGINE.

2 STROKE ENGINE:

In 2 stroke engine the power cycle (Intake - compression - combustion - exhaust)takes place with two strokes , if one
revolution in crank shaft takes place which means the one power cycle is completed . The main advantage of the 2 stroke
engine is that it has high power - weight ration compared to 4 stroke engine & less moving parts .The main Disadvantages are
High Vibration , More noise , less thermal efficiency &Unstable Idling.

4 STROKE ENGINE:

In this 4 stroke Engine the power cycle (Intake - compression - combustion - exhaust)takes place with separate 4 stroke . This
type requires valve with high precision for the intake and exhaust . The Advantages of 4 stroke Engines are They produce more
Torque , use less oil , more fuel efficiency & Less pollution . The disadvantage is It is more complicated than 2 stroke engine ,
more Expensive & power generation is less than 2 stroke Engine.