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Straight Lines
Distance Formula

Q (x2, y2)

P (x1, y1)
Section Formula

P (x1, y1) R (x, y) Q (x2, y2)

R (x, y) P (x1, y1) Q (x2, y2)

Area of Triangle
P (x1, y1)

Q (x2, y2) R (x3, y3)

JEE Main 2021
Example
If the two lines x + (a–1)y = 1 and 2x + a²y = 1 (a € R - {0, 1}) are
perpendicular, then the distance of their point of intersection from the
origin is:
JEE Main 2019
A. √2/5

B. 2/5

C. 2/√5

D. √3/5
Important Points w.r.t Triangle
 Important Points w.r.t. Triangle

Point of Intersection of

Centroid Medians

Incenter Interior Angle Bisectors

Orthocenter Altitudes

Circumcenter Perpendicular Bisectors for sides

Five Important Points w.r.t. Triangle
A (x1, y1)

B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3)

Five Important Points w.r.t. Triangle
A (x1, y1)

B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3)

Special Cases: Right Angle Triangle
Special Cases: Equilateral Triangle
Important Note
● For any triangle Orthocentre (H), Centroid (G), Circumcentre (O)
are collinear and centroid divides orthocentre and circumcentre in
the ratio 2 : 1 internally
PYQ
Consider a triangle having vertices A(-2, 3), B(1, 9) and C(3, 8). If a line L
passing through the circumcenter of triangle ABC, bisects line BC, and
intersects y-axis at point (0, ∝/2), then the value of real number ∝ is

JEE Main 2021

JEE Main 2020
Perpendicular Distance
Length Of The Perpendicular
Parametric Form
Parametric Form Of A Line
Example
A triangle ABC lying in the first quadrant has two vertices as A(1, 2) and
B(3, 1). If ⦟BAC = 90°, and ar (△ABC) = 5√5 sq. units, then the abscissa
of the vertex C is:
JEE Main 2020
A. 1 + √5

B. 1 + 2 √5

C. 2 +√5

D. 2 √5 - 1
Concurrency of 3 Lines
Concurrency Of Three Lines
Three lines are concurrent if
The number of values of p for which the lines x + y - 1 = 0, px + 2y + 1 = 0
and 4x + 2py + 7 = 0 are concurrent is equal to

A. 0

B. 2

C. 1

D. infinite
Family of Lines
Family Of Straight Lines
Equation of line passing through the intersection of L1 & L2 is given by L1 +λ L2 =0
Example
If the family of straight lines x(a + 2b) + y(a + 3b) = a + b passes
through a fixed point for all values of a and b. Find the point.
The equation of the locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from
(5,6) on the family of lines (x - 2) + λ(y - 3) = 0
NTA Question
A. (x - 1)(x - 3) + (y - 2)(y - 6) = 0

B. (x - 5)(x - 6) + (y - 2) (y - 3) = 0

C. (x - 2)(x - 5) + (y - 3) (y - 6) = 0

D. (x + 2) (x + 5) + (y + 3) (y + 6) = 0
Optics Based Questions
Optics Based Problem

Image of Point in Straight Line

Foot of Perpendicular of Point in Straight Line

Example
The image of the point (3, 5) in the line x - y + 1 = 0, lies on :

JEE Main 2021

A. (x - 2)2 + (y – 4)2 =4

B. (x – 4)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16

C. (x – 4)2 + (y - 4)2 = 8

D. (x - 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 12
Equation of Angle Bisector
Example
The equation of the bisector of the lines 3x - 4y + 1 = 0 and 5x + 12y - 11
= 0 which do not contain origin is

A. 7x - 56y + 34 = 0

B. 32x + 4y - 21=0

C. 3x + 7y + 11 = 0

D. 16x - 3y + 7 = 0
Example
The equation of the bisector of the acute angle between the lines 3x -
4y + 7 = 0 and 12x + 5y - 2 = 0 is

A. 21x + 77y - 101 = 0

B. 11x - 3y + 9 = 0

C. 21x + 77y + 101 = 0

D. 11x - 3y - 9 = 0
Circles
General Equation of Circle

C(a, b)
Intercepts made by a circle on the axes :
PYQ
If the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle,
x2 + y2 + 10x + 12y + c = 0 is 27√3 sq. units then c is equal to :

A. 13

B. 20 JEE Main 2019

C. -25

D. 25
 Parametric coordinates of endpoints of
diameter
(r cos𝜃, r sin𝜃)

C (0, 0)

(- r cos𝜃, - r sin𝜃)
Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 9. If α and β are the lengths of the
perpendiculars from P and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively, then the
maximum value of αβ is _

JEE Main 2021

PYQ
The number of integral values of k for which the line, 3x + 4y = k
intersects the circle, x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y + 4 = 0 at two distinct points is ___

JEE Main 2021

PYQ
The line 2x - y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the circle at the point (2,5) and the
centre of the circle lies on x - 2y = 4. Then, the radius of the circle is :

17 Mar 2021 Shift 1

A. 3√5

B. 5√3

C. 5√4

D. 4√5
The tangent and the normal lines at the point (√3, 1) to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and
the x - axis form a triangle. The area of this triangle (in square units) is :

A. 4 / √3 JEE Main 2021

B. 1/3

C. 2 / √3

D. 1 / √3
Length of Tangent
 Length of tangent from external point

P (x1, y1)
 Important Figure

O
P (x1, y1)

B
 Important Note:

Circumcircle of ΔPAB will definitely pass through O

O
P

B
Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle,
x2 + y2 - 8x - 4y + 16 = 0 touch it at the points A and B. The (AB)2 is equal to :

A. 52/5 JEE Main 2020

B. 56/5
x2 + y2 - 8x - 4y + 16 = 0
C. 64/5

D. 32/5

P (0, 0)
Number of Common Tangents
Common tangents to two circles :
Common tangents to two circles :
PYQ
The minimum distance between any two points P1 and P2 while
considering point P1 on one circle and point P2 on the other circle for
the given circles equations
x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 41 = 0
x2 + y2 - 24x - 10y + 160 = 0 is __.

17 Mar 2021 Shift 1

Angle between two Circles
Angle between two circles
The C1 and C2 be the centres of the circles x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y - 2 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 6x -
6y + 14 = 0 respectively. If P and Q are the points of intersection of these circles
then, the area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral PC1QC2 is :

A. 8 JEE Main 2019

B. 6

C. 9

D. 4
Family of Circles
The line x = y touches a circle at the point (1, 1). If the circle also passes through
the point (1, -3), then its radius is :

A. 3 JEE Main 2021

B. 2√2

C. 2

D. 3√2
Parabola
Example :
The area (in sq. units) of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the
parabola y2 = 8x, with one of its vertices on the vertex of this
parabola, is :

A. 64 √3

B. 256 √3 JEE Main 2019

C. 192 √3

D. 128 √3
The locus of a point which divides the line segment joining the point (0, -1) and a
point on the parabola, x2 = 4y, internally in the ratio 1 : 2 is :

A. 9x2 - 12y = 8
JEE Main 2020
B. 9x2 - 3y = 2

C. x2 - 3y = 2

D. 4x2 - 3y = 2
Length of Focal Chord
Length of focal chord

(a, 0)
If one end of a focal chord of the parabola, y2 = 16x is at (1, 4), then the length of
this focal chord is :

A. 25 JEE Main 2019

B. 22

C. 24

D. 20
Equation of Tangent to Parabola
Remember:
The equation of a tangent to the parabola, x2 = 8y, which makes an angle θ with
the positive direction of x-axis, is :

JEE Main 2019

A. y = x tan θ + 2 cot θ

B. y = x tan θ - 2 cot θ

C. x = y cot θ + 2 tan θ

D. x = y cot - 2 tan θ
If one end of a focal chord AB of the parabola y2 = 8x is at A(1/2 , -2), then the
equation of the tangent to it at B is :
JEE Main 2020
A. 2x + y - 24 = 0

B. x - 2y + 8 = 0

C. x + 2y + 8 = 0

D. 2x - y - 24 = 0
Point of Intersection of Tangents

G O A
Common Tangents
Example :
If the common tangent to the parabolas, y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y also
touches the circle, x2 + y2 = c2, then c is equal to :
JEE Main 2020
A. 1 / 2√2

B. 1 / √2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2
Shortest Distance
If P is a point on the parabola y = x2 + 4 which is closest to the straight line
y = 4x - 1, then the coordinates of P are :

A. (-2, 8)

B. (1, 5)
JEE Main 2021
C. (3, 13)

D. (2, 8)
Standard Equation of Ellipse
If the distance between the foci of an ellipse is 6 and the distance between its
directrices is 12, then the length of its latus rectum is :

A. √3
JEE Main 2020
B. 3√2

C. 3/√2

D. 2√3
Equation of Tangent

Point Form T=0

Parametric Form

Slope Form
Let L be a tangent line to the parabola y2 = 4x - 20 at (6, 2). If L is also a
tangent to the ellipse then the value of b is equal to :

JEE Main 2021

A. 11

B. 14

C. 16

D. 20
Eqn of Normal :

1. Point Form
2. Parametric Form
3. Slope Form
Let x = 4 be a directrix to an ellipse whose centre is at the origin and its
Eccentricity is 1/2 . If P (1, β), β > 0 is a point on this ellipse, then the
equation of the normal to it at P is :

JEE Main 2020

A. 4x - 3y = 2

B. 8x - 2y = 5

C. 7x - 4y = 1

D. 4x - 2y = 1
Standard Equation of Hyperbola
A hyperbola passes through the foci of the ellipse x2/25 + y2/16 = 1 and
its transverse and conjugate axes coincide with major and minor axes
of the ellipse, respectively. If the product of their eccentricities is one,
then the equation of the hyperbola is
JEE Main 2021
A. x2/9 - y2/4 = 1

B. x2/9 - y2/16 = 1

C. x2 - y2 = 9

D. x2/9 - y2/25 = 1
Equation of Tangent :

Point Form T=0

Parametric Form

Slope Form
Equation of Normal:
Point Form

Parametric Form

Slope Form
If a hyperbola passes through the point P(10, 16) and it has vertices at (
士6, 0), then the equation of the normal to it at P is :

JEE Main 2020

A. 3x + 4y = 94

B. 2x + 5y = 100

C. x + 2y = 42

D. x + 3y = 58
If the focus of a hyperbola is (土3, 0) and the equation of a tangent is
2x + y - 4 = 0, then the equation of the hyperbola is

NTA Question
A. 4x2 - 5y2 = 20

B. 5x2 - 4y2 = 20

C. 4x2 - 5y2 = 1

D. 5x2 - 4y2 = 1
Rectangular Hyperbola xy=c2
Rectangular Hyperbola xy=c2 :
Kundli of Hyperbola xy=c2 :

Rectangular Hyperbola

Standard Equation xy = c2

Centre (0, 0)

Eqn of Transverse axis

Eqn of Conjugate axis

Equation of asymptotes

Vertexes

Foci

Eqn of Directrix
Kundli of Hyperbola xy=c2 :
Rectangular Hyperbola

Length of Transverse
axis

Length of Conjugate axis

Length of Latus
rectum(LR)

Parametric Coordinates

Auxiliary Circle

Director Circle
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Complete Notes and Lectures

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