Muhammad ariff bin mohd nasir (53106120170)

Muhammad Subhan Hasif bin Saifol rashid (53106120095)

ASSIGNMENT 3: GAS TURBINE ENGINE 1

1. Explain in details 2 types of bearing commonly used in Gas Turbine Engine.

= Journal bearings provide radial support for the rotating equipment and thrust bearings provide
axial positioning for them. Ball and roller bearings are used in some aircraft jet engines.
=However, all industrial gas turbines use journal bearings.
Journal bearings can be split or full-round. Large-size bearings used for heavy machinery
normally have heavy lining. Precision insert-type bearings used commonly in internal
combustion engines have a thin lining. The majority of sleeve bearings are of the split type for
convenience in maintenance and replacement.
=Roller bearings also known as rolling-element bearings are similar to ball bearings in that they
are designed to carry a load while minimizing friction. However, roller bearings transmit loads
using cylinder rolling elements, rather than balls, to maintain the separation between moving
parts of the bearing.

2. What the differences between labyrinth seal and carbon seal. Please explain.

- Labyrinth seal creates a series of small gaps that the steam must go through in order to escape.
- A little pressure is lost when steam passes through a small hole.
- Some steam slowly escapes when you use these little gaps in series.
- Despite the fact that some steam escapes, it is much less than if there was only one small gap. -
- There is no contact between the shaft and the housing when using labyrinth packing.
- Carbon seal uses springs to hold carbon rings to the shaft, which are then maintained
stationary by a tab on the spring.
- The carbon ring is pushed against the housing by steam pressure, forming a seal. As a result,
the shaft and the housing are in contact indirectly in this scenario.

3. Explain Turbo prop engine construction and operation. Please give one type of turbo prop
engine used on aircraft operated in Malaysia and briefly explain the operation.

A turboprop engine is a turbine engine that powers the propeller of an aeroplane . A turboprop
consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling
nozzle. Air is drawn into the intake and compressed by the compressor . Some of the power
generated by the turbine is used to drive the compressor. The gases are then exhausted from
the rear of the engine.
 Like Air Asia A330 aircraft are powered by Rolls Royce 700 engines
The operation of turboprop engine is that, turboprop uses a gas turbine (jet engine) to turn a
propeller. There are two main parts to a turboprop propulsion system, the jet engine and the
propeller. The jet engine found in turboprops is very similar to a jet engine, except that instead
of expanding all the hot exhaust gases through the nozzle to produce thrust, most of the energy
of the exhaust gases is used to turn the turbine.
There may be an additional turbine stage present, which is connected to a drive shaft. The drive
shaft is connected to a gearbox. The gearbox is then connected to a propeller that produces
most of the thrust. The exhaust velocity of a turboprop is low and contributes little thrust
because most of the energy of the core exhaust has gone into turning the drive shaft.

4. Explain Turbo shaft engine construction and operation. Please give one type of turbo shaft
engine used on aircraft/Helicopter operated in Malaysia and briefly explain the operation.

=A turboshaft engine may be made up of two major parts assemblies: the 'gas generator' and
the 'power section'. The gas generator consists of the compressor, combustion chambers with
ignitors and fuel nozzles, and one or more stages of turbine.
=The design of a turboshaft exhaust section exerts tremendous influence on the performance of
an engine.
=Size and shape of an exhaust section and its components affect the temperature of the air
entering the turbine (TIT), mass airflow through the engine and the velocity and pressure of the
exhaust jet
=Typical exhaust section located from the rear of the turbine section until where the gases leave
the engine.
=Comprised of
1.exhaust cone
2.tailpipe (exhaust duct)
3.exhaust nozzle

= a compressor
=To extract the energy after fuel and air is been burned
=To transform a portion of kinetic energy which is the hot gases into mechanical energy to drive
the compressor and accessories
=The turbine absorbs approximately 60% to 80% of total pressure energy from hot gasses
=Consists of 4 basic element
1-case
2-stator
3-shroud
4-rotor