SKIN PHYSIOLGY

• The largest organ of the body

• Most complex organ, other than the brain
• Sensitive and durable, requiring special attention and care to
maintain health, elasticity, color, and vibrancy
• Acts as a shield between your body and your environment
• Skin and layers make up the integumentary system
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 A variety of cells make up these different layers, each serving a specific function. The
primary component of skin cells is the protein substance called keratin. There are two forms
of keratin; hard keratin makes up nails and soft keratin makes up skin hair and skin

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The outermost layer of the skin, visible to the eye. Also known as the protective layer. Its primary function is to “keep the
insides in and the outside out.” There are no blood vessels are found here. It receives nourishment from layers below it,
the Dermis. There are 5 different layers of cells in the Epidermis

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 Dermis
• Also called dermal layer, “true skin” or corium
• Nourishes the lower epidermis and is the
skin’s main support structure
• Comprised of many connective tissues and is
rich in capillaries and blood vessels
• Connective tissues have a semi-fluid
substance containing collagen protein and
elastin fibers; support to the epidermis and
give the skin its elastic quality
• Collagen protein fibers are strong and flexible
while the elastin fibers are soft and pliable
• Collagen and elastin fibers deteriorate and
cause the skin to wrinkle during the aging
process
• Consist of sweat glands called the Sudoriferous
glands; Oil glands called sebaceous glands
• Consist of sensory nerve endings and receptors,
blood vessels
• Consist of arrector pili muscles which cause
goosebumps
• Contains major portion of hair follicles
• Hair is an appendage of the skin just as nails and
the sweat and oil glands are
• Has 2 layers: papillary and reticular; contain a
variety of glands; nourishes the epidermis and
connect the dermis to layer below
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 Skin Pigmentation
• Melanin- producing cells(Melanocytes) are in the basal layer of the epidermis
• Cells move toward the surface at a faster rate than other cells
• Melanin is distributed throughout all epidermal cells and forms an effective barrier from the penetration
of ultraviolet rays to deeper layers of the skin
• Melanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun
• Darker skin contains more melanin, which serves as a more effective barrier to the rays than lighter skin
• Skin with little melanin is light, pale, or pink; the pink tone visible in pale skin is the reflection of red blood
trough the epidermis
• ALL skin need protection form the sun
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 Lesions

• Diseases and disorders are usually accompanied by skin

lesions.
• Familiarity with skin lesions will lead you to recognize
skin diseases and disorders because lesions indicate
abnormal changes in the structure of an organ or tissue
3 types of skin lesions: primary, secondary, and tertiary; It’d
be helpful to nail technicians to be able to recognize the
first 2.
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 Pigment Disorders
A result of abnormal production of melanin in the skin.
An excess production of melanin causes the skin to
appear darker in certain areas and is referred to as
hyperpigmentation. A lack of the production of
melanin causes the skin to appear lighter in spots and
is called hypopigmentation. No service if there is an
infection.
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 ▪ ABCS of Melanoma

A-Asymmetry: Mole is not symmetrical

B-Border: Border is irregular
▪ C-Color: Mole contains multiple colors or
variation in color
D-Diameter: Mole is more than 6mm in
▪ diameter

Refer client to physician. NEVER diagnose

a client!!

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