Chemistry Term 2

Form 3S Academic Year 2022-2023

Revision Worksheet
Topic – The States of Matter
1. Give the four main ideas behind the particulate theory of matter.
2. Define the following:
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Melting point
d. Boiling point
3. By referring to particles, explain why:
a. When a crystal of red food colouring fell into a beaker of water, after a while all the
water became red.
b. When a strip of potato was placed into a concentrated sucrose solution, it decreased in
length.
4. Explain how sodium chloride works to preserve fish.
5. By considering the arrangement of particles in each substance, explain why:
a. Nitrogen gas is very easy to compress.
b. A solid lump of lead has a fixed shape.
6. Water can exist as solid ice, liquid water and gaseous steam. Explain the difference
between these three states in terms of the arrangement of their particles, the movement of
their particles, and the forces of attraction between their particles.
7. State TWO differences between evaporation and boiling.
8. What happens when a substance sublimes?
Topic – Pure substances, mixtures and separations
1. Using a table, show THREE differences between a pure substance and a mixture.
2. Define EACH of the following terms:
a. Element
b. Compound
c. Solution
d. suspension
3. Referring to particle size, passage of light and sedimentation, distinguish between a
solution, a colloid and a suspension. Give a named example of EACH type of mixture.
4. What is meant by the term solubility?
5. Potassium chlorate (V) (KClO3) was found to have a solubility of 9 g per 100 g water at
28 0C and 32 g per 100g water at 74 0C. What mass of potassium chlorate (V) must be
added to a solution containing 350g water which is saturated at 28 0C to make the make
the solution saturated again if heated at 74 0C?
6. Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to separate sand from water.
7. Explain how you would obtain pure water from tap water. Your answer must include
reference to the principles involved.
8. Explain the principles involved in separating EACH of the following mixtures:
a. Cooking oil and water
b. The dyes in a drop of black ink
9. Construct a simple flow diagram to identify the main processes involved in the extraction
of sucrose form sugar cane.
Topic – Atomic Structure
1. What is an atom?
2. Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles. Name these and use their relative
masses and charges to distinguish between them.
3. Define the following terms:
a. Atomic number
b. Mass number
 4. Draw a shell diagram to show the structure of EACH of the following atoms and identify
the atom in EACH case:
a. C-12
b. K-39
c. Cl – 35
d. Be - 9
5. What does the term isotopy mean?
6. Naturally occurring boron consists of 20% B-10 and 80% B-11.
a. What can you deduce about naturally occurring boron?
b. Determine the average mass number of naturally occurring boron.
7. What is a radioactive isotope?
8. Outline how radioactive isotopes are used to:
a. Generate energy in nuclear power stations.
b. Determine the age of a fossil
c. Treat cancer.
9. What is relative atomic mass and why is it used to determine the mass of atoms?
Topic – Structure and Bonding
1. Why do elements form compounds?
2. Name the THREE main types of chemical bonding.
3. State how EACH of the following compounds would be bonded:
a. Zinc chloride
b. Magnesium phosphate
c. Silicon tetrafluoride
d. Carbon disulfide
e. Ammonium carbonate
f. Aluminium hydroxide
g. Potassium sulfate
4. Use dot and cross diagrams to show how EACH of the following compounds is formed.
Show all electron shells in a and b, and only the valence electrons in c and d.
a. sodium oxide c. calcium nitride
b. phosphorus trifluoride d. methane (CH4)
(Atomic numbers: Na = 11; 0 = 8; P = 15; F = 9; Ca ~20; N = 7; C = 6; H = 1)
5. Describe the bonding in the metal, magnesium.
6. Explain why a typical metal:
a. has a high melting point b. is a good conductor of electricity
c. is malleable
7. Using melting point, solubility and conductivity, distinguish between ionic solids and
simple molecular solids.
8. Define the term 'allotropy'.
9. By referring to their structure, explain EACH of the following:
a. sodium chloride is soluble in water
b. diamond is used in cutting tools
c. graphite conducts electricity
d. graphite is used as the ' lead' in pencils