Junior’s chemistry

Chapter wise important questions for juniors

Chapter 1 : Atomic structure.

1. .Explain the difference between emission spectra and absorption spectra.

2. What are the postulates of Bohr's model of hydogen atom? Discuss the importance of this
model to explain various series of line spectra in hydrogen atom.
3. What are the limitations of Bohr’s model of an atom?
4. How are the quantum numbers n,l,ml arrived at? Explain the significance of these Quantum
numbers.

Chapter 2: Classification of elements & Periodicity in properties.

1. Which in each pair of elements has a more negative electron gain enthalpy A)O or F. B) F or Cl.
2. What is a diagonal relationship ? Write an example.
3. What is Lanthanide contraction? What are its consequences?
4. Write an essay on s,p,d and f block elements.
5. What is periodic property? How the following properties vary on a group and a period?
Explian1)atomic radius 2)electron gain enthalpy.
6. What is periodic property ? How the following properties vary in a group and a period? Explain
ionisation potential and electronegativity
7. Define IE1 and IE2. Why is IE2>IE1 for a given atom? Discuss the factors that effect IE of an
element.

Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structures.

1. What is octet rule?

2. Which of the two cations Ca2+ or Zn2+ is more stable and why?
3. How many sigma and pi bond are present in C2H2 and C2H4?
4. State Fajan’s rule and give suitable examples.
5. Explain the hybridization involved in PCl5 molecule.
6. Explain the hybridization involved in SF6 molecule.
7. Explain the formation of coordinate covalent bond with one example.
8. What is hydrogen bond? Explain the different types of hydrogen bonds with examples.
9. What is meant by term bond order? Calculate the bond order in the following order N2 , O2,
O2+ and O2-
10. Explain the formation of ionic bond with suitable examples
11. What do you understand by hybridization ? Explain different types of hybridization involving s
and p orbitals
12. Give the molecular orbital energy diagram of N2 and O2. Calculate the respective bond order.
Write the magnetic nature of N2 and O2 molecule.

Chapter 4: States of matter.

1. What is an ideal gas?

 2. State Graham’s law of diffusion.
3. Which of the gas diffuses faster among N2, O2 and CH4? Why?
4. How many times methane diffuses faster than sulphurdioxide?
5. State Dalton’s law of Partial pressure.
6. Derive ideal gas equation.
7. Deduce Boyke’ law and Charles’s law from Kinetic gas equation.
8. Write the postulates of Kinetic molecular theory of gases.

Chapter5: Stoichiometry

1. How many number of moles of glucose are present in 540 gramm s of glucose?
2. Calculate the weight of 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate.
3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2O.Its molecular weight is 90. Calculate the
molecular formula of the compound.
4. A carbon compound contains 12.8% carbon, 2.1% hydrogen, 85.1% Bromine. The molecular
weight of compound is 187.9. Calculate the molecular formula.
5. What are disproportionation reaction? Give an example.
6. Balance the following redox reaction by ion-electron method.pg no.136
7. Write the balanced ionic equation which represents the oxidation of iodide (I-) ion by
permanganate ion in basic medium to give (I2) and manganese dioxide (MnO2).
8. A solution is prepared by adding 2g of a substance A to 18 g water . Calculate the mass percent
of the solute.
9. Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution prepared by dissolving 4g in enough water to
form 250 ml of the soltuion.
10. Calculate the normality of oxalic acid soltuion containing 6.3g H2C2O4.2H2O in 500 ml of
solutions

Chapter 6: Thermodynamics

1. State the first law of the Thermodynamics

2. State the third law of Thermodynamics.
3. Define heat capacity. What sre Cp & Cv? Show that Cp-Cv =R.
4. State and explain the Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
5. What is entropy? Explain with examples.
6. State the third law of thermodynamics. What do you understand by it?
7. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to CO2 is -393.5kJmol-1. Calculate the heat released upon
formation of 35.2 g of Co2 from carbon and dioxygen gas

Chapter 7: Chemical Equilibrium

1. What is homogeneous equilibrium? Write two homogeneous reactions.

2. What is Lewis acid? Give one example.
3. What is meant by ionic product of water?
4. Derive the relation between Kp & Kc for equilibrium reactionN2(g)+ 3H2(g) -→2NH3
5. Explain the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases.
6. Aqueous solution of NH4Cl is acidic. Explain.
7. Aqueous solution of CH3COONa is basic . Explain.
 8. What is meant by dynamic equilibrium? Explain with suitable examples.
9. Discuss the application of Le- Chatelier’s principle for industrial synthesis of Ammonia and
Sulphur trioxide.
10. Explain the concept of Bronsted acid and Bronsted bases. Illustrate the answer with suitable
examples.
11. Explain Lewis acid-bases theory with suitable example. Classify the following species into Lewis
acids and Lewis bases and show these acts as Lewis acid/bases. OH- ,F-, H+ and BCl3
12. Explain the term Hydrolysis of salts with examples. Discuss the pH of the following types of
salts solutions. Salts of weak acid and strong base, saSalts of strong acid and weak base.

Chapter 8 :Hydrogen & its compounds.

1. What is meant by coal gasification? Explain with relevant, balanced equation.

2. Name the isotopes . What is the ratio of masses of these isotopes?
3. Mention any three uses of H2O2 in modern times.
4. Explain with suitable examples i)Electron deficient ii) Electron -precise and iii)Electron-rich
hydrides.
5. Explain the terms hard water and soft water. Write a note on the i)ion exchange method and
ii)Calgin method for the removal of hardness of water.
6. Write the chemical reaction to justify the hydrogen peroxide can function as an oxidising as well
as reducing agent.

Chapter 9: s-Block elements

1. Lithium salts are mostly hydrated. Why?

2. Lithium reacts with water less vigorously than sodium. Give your reasons.
3. What are the characteristic colours imparted by the IIA elements
4. What happens when magnesium metalis burnt in air?
5. Why is Gypsum added to cement?
6. Why are alkali metals not found in the free state in nature?
7. Describe the important uses of caustic soda or sodium hydroxide.
8. Write a few applications of caustic soda.
9. Guve an account of biological importance of Na+ and K+ ions.
10. Mention the important uses of Mg metal.
11. What is Plaster of paris? Write a short note on it.

Chapter 10: p- block :Group 13

1. Explain inert pair effect .

2. Give the formula of borazine. What is its comman name?
3. What are electron deficient compunds? Is BCl3 an electron deficient species? Explain.
4. Explain borax bead test with a suitable examples.
5. Explain the structure of diborane.

Chapter 11 p- Block elements : Group 14

1. Why is CO poisonous?
2. What is allotropy ? Give the crystalline allotropes of carbon.
3. Give the hybridisation of carbon in carbonate ion, diamond, graphite and fullerene.
4. How does graphite function as a lubricant
5. Graphite is a good conductor . Explain
6. What is synthesis gas?
7. What is producer gas?
8. Write the use of ZSM-5
9. How is producer gas prepared?
10. Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structure.
11. Why is diamond hard?

Chapter 12: Environmental Chemistry.

1. What is chemical oxygen chemical(COD) ?

2. What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
3. Green house effect is caused by which gases.
4. Which oxides cause acid rain? What is pH value ?
5. Define the terms sink, COD,BOD and TLV
6. What is green house effect? And how it is caused?
7. How is ozone layer depleted in the atmosphere and what are the harmful effects by ozone layer
depletion.

Chapter 13 : Organic chemistry

1. What is substitution reaction? Explain any three substitution reaction of benzene

2. Which types of compounds reacts with ozone? Explain with example.
3. Give two examples each for position and functional isomerism.
4. Explain the methods of preparation of ethane
5. Explain the chemical properties of ethane with equations
6. Describe two methods of preparation of ethylene . Give equation for the reactions of ethylene
with the following : ozone, hypohalous acid, cold and dil. Alk. KMnO4 and heated with O2 at high
pressure.
7. How does ethylene react with the following reagents? Give the chemical equation and names
of the product formed in the reaction: Hydrogen halide, Hydrogen, bromine, water, oxygen in
presence of Ag at 200°C and H2SO4.
8. Give two methods of preparation of acetylene . How does it reacts with water and ozone?
9. How does acetylene react with the following reagents?
10. Give the corresponding equations and name the product formed in the reactions: acetic acid,
water, Hydrogen, halogens, Hydrogen halide and ammoninal AgNO3 and CuCl2.
11. How do we get benzene from acetylene? Give the corresponding equatio. Rxplain the
halogenation , alkylation,acylation, nitration and sulphonation of benzene.
12. Write the possible conformation of ethane and explain which is more stable.
13. Write the preparation of ethane using Wrutz and Kolbe’s electrolytic method.