7.

4 The Solubility of Solids in Liquids

1. Dissolution is aprocess by which a ………………………………………………………………………….
in a solvent.

2. Water molecules are …………….. Most ionic crytals are ……………………….

3. Ions in solid crystals can be separated from each other and ……………………………………………..
(H lattice involved here )
4. The electrostatic forces between …………………….. and ………………………. Cause the ions to be
surrounded by …………………………… ((H hyd)
5.
When an ionic compound dissolves in water

The positive end

6. Dissolution of ionic crystal involves 2 steps:

Step 1: Dissociation of lattice

(Energy absorbed is the lattice dissociation energy)

Step 2: Hydration of ions:
(Attraction between ions and water formed)

(Energy released is the enthalpy of hydration)

7. Enthalpy of solution of ionic solid, (H sol)

Test yourself 5
1. Based on the data given below:
Ho hyd Na+ = -390 kJ mol-1
Ho hyd Cl- = -380 kJ mol-1
Ho soln NaCl = + 6 kJ mol-1

(i) Construct the energy cycle diagram to represent the dissolution (solution) of NaCl
(ii) Calculate the lattice energy of NaCl

2. Lattice energy for potassium fluoride is -821 kJ mol-1 and its enthalpy of hydration is -819 kJ mol-1.
Calculate enthalpy of solution for potassium fluoride.

3. The lattice energy of NaCl is -776 kJ mol-1 and the enthalpy change when 1 mole of solid NaCl
dissolved in water is +4 kJ mol-1. If the enthalpy of hydration of Na+ is -390 kJmol-1, calculate the
enthalpy of hydration of Cl- in the dissolution process of NaCI using the energy cycle.

4. Given
Lattice energy of NaI = -695 kJ mol--1
Hydration energy of Na+ = -380 kJ mol-1
Ho soln NaCl = + 6 kJ mol-1

(iii) Construct the energy cycle diagram to represent the dissolution (solution) of NaCl
(iv) Calculate the lattice energy of NaCl

Prepared by Dr Sumathi