Electronic devices for

biomedical design

Bipolar Junction Transistors

(cont.)

Assoc. Prof. Pham Thi Thu Hien

 Basic relationships

Basic relationships for a transistor

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 Basic relationships

OPERATING POINT

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 Basic relationships

Operation in the cutoff, saturation, and linear regions of the BJT

characteristic are provided as follows:
1. Linear-region operation:
Base–emitter junction forward-biased
Base–collector junction reverse-biased
2. Cutoff-region operation:
Base–emitter junction reverse-biased
Base–collector junction reverse-biased
3. Saturation-region operation:
Base–emitter junction forward-biased
Base–collector junction forward-biased

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Fixed-bias configuration

(a) Fixed-bias circuit DC equivalent of Fig. (a)

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Fixed-bias configuration

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 Fixed-bias configuration

Keep in mind that voltage levels such as VCE are determined by placing the positive
lead (normally red) of the voltmeter at the collector terminal with the negative lead
(normally black) at the emitter terminal as shown in the Figure.

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 Fixed-bias configuration

Example 2.1: Determine the following for the fixed-bias configuration of the
following Figure.

a. IB_Q and IC_Q.

b. VCE_Q
c. VB and VC .
d. VBC .

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Fixed-bias configuration
Solution:
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law, we have:

Using double-subscript notation yields

with the negative sign revealing that the junction is reversed-biased

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 Fixed-bias configuration
Transistor Saturation
✓ The term saturation is applied to any system where levels have reached
their maximum values.
✓ For a transistor operating in the saturation region, the current is a maximum
value for the particular design.
✓ Change the design and the corresponding saturation level may rise or drop.
Of course, the highest saturation level is defined by the maximum collector
current as provided by the specification sheet.
✓ Saturation conditions are normally avoided because the base–collector
junction is no longer reverse-biased and the output amplified signal will be
distorted.

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 Fixed-bias configuration
Transistor Saturation
✓ The term saturation is applied to any system where levels have reached

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 Fixed-bias configuration

Example 2.2: Determine the saturation level for the network of the Figure in
Example 2.1.

Solution:

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 Fixed-bias configuration
Load-Line Analysis

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 Fixed-bias configuration
Load-Line Analysis

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 Fixed-bias configuration
Load-Line Analysis

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 Fixed-bias configuration

Example 2.3: Given the load line of Figure and the defined Q-point,
determine the required values of VCC, RC, and RB for a fixed-bias
configuration.

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Fixed-bias configuration

Solution:

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 Emitter-Bias Configuration

The dc bias network of Figure contains an

emitter resistor to improve the stability
level over that of the fixed-bias configuration.

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 Emitter-Bias Configuration

Example 2.4: For the emitter-bias network of the following figure, determine:
a. IB
b. IC
c. VCE
d. VC
e. VE
f. VB
g. VBC

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Emitter-Bias Configuration

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Emitter-Bias Configuration

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Voltage-Divider Bias Configuration

Voltage-divider bias configuration

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Voltage-Divider Bias Configuration
Example 2.5: Determine the dc bias voltage VCE and the current IC for the
voltage-divider configuration of the following figure.

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Voltage-Divider Bias Configuration

The voltage source is replaced by a short-

circuit equivalent as shown in Figure.

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The voltage source V CC is returned to the network and the open-circuit Thévenin
voltage

Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law

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Voltage-Divider Bias Configuration

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Voltage-Divider Bias Configuration

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Collector Feedback Configuration

DC bias circuit with voltage feedback

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Collector Feedback Configuration
Example 2.6: Determine the quiescent levels of ICQ and VCEQ for the network
of the following figure.

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Collector Feedback Configuration

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Emitter-Follower Configuration

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Emitter-Follower Configuration

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Emitter-Follower Configuration

Example 2.7: Determine VCEQ and IEQ for the network of the following figure.

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Emitter-Follower Configuration

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Common-Base Configuration

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Common-Base Configuration

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Common-Base Configuration

Example 2.8: Determine the currents IE and IB and the voltages VCE and VCB
for the common-base configuration of Figure.

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Common-Base Configuration

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Summary Table

See pdf file summary Table.

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Miscellaneous bias configurations
Example 2.9 Determine VC and VB for the network of Figure.

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Miscellaneous bias configurations
Solution: Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law

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Miscellaneous bias configurations
Example 2.10 Determine VC and VB for the network of Figure.

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Miscellaneous bias configurations
Solution: The Thévenin resistance and voltage

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Miscellaneous bias configurations
Solution: Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law

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Miscellaneous bias configurations

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Multiple BJT Networks

R–C coupled BJT amplifiers

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Multiple BJT Networks

R–C coupled BJT amplifiers

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Multiple BJT Networks

R–C coupled BJT amplifiers 48

Multiple BJT Networks

Darlington amplifier 49
Multiple BJT Networks

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Multiple BJT Networks

Feedback Pair amplifier DC equivalent

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Multiple BJT Networks

Cascode amplifier 52
Multiple BJT Networks

Cascode amplifier 53