[Dhattiwala Vadid A/2020]

An Experimental Impact on Workability and

Compressive Strength of Concrete Using
Magnetized Water
Dhattiwala Vadid Ariz [1], Jigar Zala [2]

ME Structural Student [1], Assistant Professor [2]

SAL Institute of Technology and Engineering Research, Science City, Sola Road
Ahmedabad, India
Vadiddhattiwala1@gmail.com [1], jigar.zala@sal.edu.in [2]

Abstract—Aim of the present study is to improve the quality

of water as per standards and to reduce the water / cement ratio
by replacing the normal water with magnetized water. An
experimental program is set up to test the effect of magnetized
water with variations in the time of the water passing through the
magnetic field. The physical and chemical characteristics of
water ought to be tested for pH, total hardness, total dissolved
solids (TDS), chlorides, etc. Test to be conducted on concrete are
workability and compressive strength along with different
properties of concrete. For this work, magnetized water was used
during the concreting of grade M25. The obtained results showed
that the workability of mixtures mixed with magnetized water
was higher. .The compressive strength of the mixture using
magnetized water for mixing was noted to be higher than the one
mixed with the non-magnetized water.
Keywords: Magnetic Water, Concrete, Workability, Compressive
Strength, Curing Ages.
The main raw materials such as lime, silica, iron oxide and
alumina react with one another in the presence of heat to
establish very complex products known as the Bogue's
compounds [Tricalcium silicate (C3S) and Dicalcium silicate
(C2S)] in the act of manufacturing cement.
“Water scarcity "is the lack of adequate water resources
available to meet water requirements in a location. India is
already facing problems as a densely populated country due to
the availability of fresh water for drinking and household
purposes. This issue in the scarcity of fresh water could
increase further in the coming years. The UN World Water
Development Report (WWDR, 2003) suggests that, within the
next 20 years, the total amount of usable available water to all
is projected to decrease by 30 % to 40 %. Therefore, in view
of the reasons mentioned, we need to look for other sources of
water to overcome these shortages and to fulfill human and
industrial eligibility criteria, in particular water intended for
usage in the concrete industry

I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete technology is concerned with the study of the
characteristics of concrete and its functional applications. The
rapid growth for infrastructure development in developing
countries tends to lead to much more concrete consumption.
Cement requirements in India are estimated to have reached
550 million tons by 2020 with a shortage of 230 million tons
(58 per cent) and demand for cement has been gradually
growing despite the country’s increased infrastructural
activities. The manufacturing of 1 ton of OPC has also been
found to produce 1 ton of gaseous CO2 and also the cement
industry is believed to cause around 6% of global Greenhouse
gas emissions. Here as result, environmental degradation and
the preservation of natural resources are becoming very
pressing topics that need to be addressed in order to encourage
objectives of sustainable development.
II. MAGNETIZED WATER
Magnetized water is the water that passes through some kind of
magnetic field. It would be an environmentally friendly,
inexpensive water treatment which has small installation
expenses as well as no energy requirements. Numerous reports of
magnetized water offer improved efficiency in terms of reduction
of the scale, improved crop yields, medical benefits, pH shift,
reduction of water tension and improved compressive strength of
cement to name a few. Magnetic field also starts to break down
minerals in to the smaller particles, making these widely bio-
available for plant cells. It allows reduction in the amount of
water needed, fertilizers and pesticides. Water molecules tend to
form clusters with hydrogen bonds, while these Clusters are
broken due to the magnetic field when applied, hence increasing
the water activity. Due to the smaller size of magnetized water
molecules, the water layer surrounding the cement is thinner than

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normal water molecules, therefore less water demand which has
positive effect of hardened concrete properties

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 Cement content can be reduced resulting in cost and
A. Applications of Magnetized Water material saving.

 It is used to increase crop production; this induced growth
is due to an increase in photosynthetic pigments, where
magnetic water enhances cell metabolism and mitosis.
 Magnetic treatment of saline irrigation water is often used
as an essential component for soil desalination.
 Applying magnetic water to seeds increases germination
and increases the percentage of increase in the germinated
seeds.
 The use of magnetic water by poultry has shown an
improvement in egg production resulting in an increase in
better digestion and nitrogen retention.
 Dairy cows which drinks magnetized water had also
demonstrated an improvement in dairy production with
much the same quantity and consistency of milk fat as in
cows that drink ordinary water.
 Magnetized structured water contains much oxygen as
well as other essential minerals into human blood / organs,
it alters cellular, enzymatic and organic processes, and
thus magnetic water is used to cure/treat ill effects or
diseases in human body.
 The use of Magnetic treated water changes the calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) balance in water and attempts to
evacuate carbonate precipitate throughout the solution,
thereby reducing the formation of scales on pipe walls as
well as other industrial equipment.
 Disadvantages of Magnetized Water
 Not Available through general retailers.
 The magnetized water loses its properties after 48-72
hours when exposed to atmospheric conditions.
III. MAGNETIZATION OF WATER
A. Magnetic filter setup
The filter consists of the assembly of six neodymium (N42)
magnets. Each magnet comprises strength more than 5000
gauss, when measured with the help of gauss meter. The
assembly of magnets was placed on an iron plate and was
welded on stainless steel pipe with argon welding. The
diameter of stainless steel pipe was 25mm (approx. 1 inch).
Argon welding was done to support the iron bar on both the
sides. The SS pipe was connected with PVC pipe at both ends
and the PVC pipes were connected with a domestic water
pump of 0.5 hp general motor and the whole network was
completed. The water in the bucket is recirculated for the
desired time duration and the results are compared.

Figure -1: Applications of Magnetized Water

B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Magnetized Water

 Advantages of Magnetized Water

 It supposedly reduces the effects of hard water by

passing it through a magnetic field.
 It is meant to be a non-chemical and inexpensive
alternative to soften water; its chief advantages. Figure -2: Magnetization of Water
 It uses the magnets to restrain ions and hard water
particulars from bonding and forming scale.
 It increases workability of concrete

 It increases compressive strength of concrete.

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B. Comparison of Normal water (NW) and Magnetized water Table-2 Mix Design
(MW)
Materials For 1m3
Table-1 Water Properties
Cement 383.16 kg/m3
Parameter NW MW(40min) MW(80min) MW(120min)
Water Content 191.58 kg/m3

pH 7.85 8.98 9.26 9.45 Fine Aggregate 691.81 kg/m3

Total
Hardness 180 92 72 80 Coarse Aggregate 1149.72 kg/m3
(mg/L)
Calcium Coarse 689.83 kg/m3
50 32 12 20
(mg/L) Aggregate(20mm)
Magnesium
130 60 60 60
Coarse 459.89 kg/m3
(mg/L) Aggregate(10mm)
TDS (ppt) 1.053 0.494 0.481 0.459 Water/Cement
ratio
0.5
Chlorides
10.28 4.6 5.317 5.317
(mg/L)
Thermal C. Sample Preparation and Testing Procedures
Conductivity 12.9 2.8 1.1 1.1
(S/ms)
All materials required to the experimental study were prepared,
weighted and tested to assure quality. Fineness as well as initial
Here it is concluded from the results that the properties of
and final setting times was checked to meet the standards. For
water are changing considerably as the water is magnetized
fine and coarse aggregate, the specific weight and absorption
for 40 minutes, 80minutes and 120 minutes respectively.
were checked to meet the standards, and a sieve analysis test
Observations noted that the magnetized water is softened as
was conducted to assure both aggregate types are well graded.
compared to the normal tap water or potable water and also
Water used for mixing and curing was drinking water in
the amount of dissolved solids are less in magnetized water
accordance with the WHO guidelines. Water was magnetized
improving the quality of water.
using a hand magnetic device while water was poured manually
due to unavailability of velocity measuring device. The
IV. EXPERIMENTAL WORK magnetized water was prepared by recirculating the same
normal water for the optimum desired duration of 40 minutes,
A. Materials 80 minutes and 120 minutes respectively. Slump test was
conducted on the four mixes and was measured immediately
after mixing. Compressive strength test was conducted on four
Ordinary Portland cement with a specific density of 3.15 mixes and were recorded after 7 and 28 days.
kg/m3 has been used in this study. The coarse aggregate with a Cubes of size 150 * 150 * 150 mm were used for the
specific density of 2.84 kg/m3 was crushed gravel with a compressive strength testing. After being demoulded at the age
nominal maximum size of 20 mm. For coarse aggregates two of one day, all specimens were cured in water at 25 oC for 28
sizes were taken as per the mix proportion i. e. 20 mm and days.
10mm sizes of aggregates for proper mixing and less voids and
porous spaces. Meanwhile, natural river sand was used as fine
aggregate with a specific density of 2.67 kg/m3. The values of
water absorption of coarse and fine aggregate were 0.81% and
1.54%, respectively. Mixing water used for mixes was normal
water and magnetic water produced with recirculation of
normal water through the magnetizing setup.

B. Mix Design

 Mix design for M25 Grade According to IS 10262-2019

 Mix proportion for M25 Grade Of Concrete Used –
1: 1.80: 3

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B. Compressive strength
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Standard test cubes (150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm) for each mix,
The materials used in the experimental program were tested were molded and cured as per specifications, then cubes were
before taken in use and then, obtained results for each test are tested after 7 days and 28 days and the average strength of three
represented. This section includes the results of various tests specimens was recorded. The positive effect of the magnetized
of materials which were used for the experimental work and water is observed when comparing mixes mixed with magnetized
their acceptance criteria as per IS codes for the materials.\ water as compared to the normal water. The early strength was
observed to increase more as compared to the final strength of
The different mixes included in this thesis are defined as concrete specimens. This also implies that magnetized water can
follows: be used to preserve the strength. Magnetization results in higher
 NWC – Normal water concrete spreading of water particles –observed by the increase of slump.
 MWC 40 – Magnetized water concrete (having Hence, as the cement content decreases the same water content
magnetization period of 40 min) can react with the entire cement content, therefore maintain the
 MWC 80 – Magnetized water concrete (having strength.
magnetization period of 80 min)
 MWC 120 – Magnetized water concrete (having Average Average
magnetization period of 120 min) 7day 28day
Area
Proportions compressive compressive
A. Concrete consistency (workability) (mm2)
strength strength
Concrete consistency is most frequently measured by the slump (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
test. The slump is a good measure of the total water content in NWC 22500 21.75 32.80
the mix. The slump of each group of concrete mixes was carried MWC-40 22500 23.45 34.56
out. Slump test were conducted on all concrete mixes prepared MWC-80 22500 24.61 35.73
with either TW or MW. It is apparent from the results that slump MWC-120 22500 25.09 36.12
values of all magnetic concrete mixes are higher than those of
non-magnetic concrete mixes. The amount of increase in slump
reaches about 15.55%, 22.22%, and 25% respectively.

This result complies with test results from literature which states
that viscosity and surface area of water molecules increase by
magnetization, hence concrete slump rises.

Mix Proportions Slump value (mm) Degree

NWC 45 Medium
MWC-40 52 Medium
MWC-80 55 Medium
MWC-120 56 Medium

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VI. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE SCOPE
1.
A. Conclusions
This investigation aimed at an innovative approach to enhance
strength of concrete by means of magnetized water in the
incorporation of concrete. The findings presented here provide 2.
a better understanding of the process of magnetized water for
the very efficient use of mixing water in hydration to improve
the properties of concrete. Depending on the outcomes 3.
recorded in this research study and the main findings of the
research work, the following conclusions have been drawn: 4.
1. A new approach of generating MW influenced by
magnetic treatment for the development of MW as mixing
water in concrete is suggested on a large scale to use in in-
situ concrete works. 5.
2. Changes in the chemical properties of water such as
increase in the values of pH from 7.85 to 9.45, decrease of
the amount of dissolved solids from 1.053 ppt to 0.459 ppt 6.
and water softening from 180mg/L to 72mg/L were
concluded.
3. The workability for magnetic water concrete is
significantly higher than that of normal water concrete 7.
(from 45mm to 56 mm).
4. It has been found that, with the addition of MW, the
compressive strength of the concrete displayed a very
significant increase at the early stages of hydration of 8.
about 7.85% to 15.50%, and at 28 days this increase is
around 5.50% to 10.20%. This increase in strength is
attributed to the improved cement hydration process. 9.
10.
B. Future Scope
11.
In addition to this work magnetized water or magnetic water
concrete can be further used for different civil engineering
applications as described below: 12.
1. The current study can be expanded to render concrete with 13.
higher grades with various forms of concrete.
2. Nano studies could be carried out to analyze the Nano
structure of the MWC. 14.
3. Such a new magnetic water technology can be
implemented to cement bricks / blocks in order to reduce
the amount of cement to be used in them by substituting
them with fly ash or indeed any material.
4. In order to address the scarcity of water, the effects of
magnetically wastewater treatment on concrete should also
be monitored.
5. Magnetized water concrete could also be used for
retrofitting methodologies that also offer high strength to
unconstrained samples.
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[Dhattiwala Vadid A/2020]
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