Group 3

Topics and Reporters:

Topic 1- the school as an organization - Crislyn Pastrano

Topic 2-Organization Theories - Angel Noah S. Rabong

Topic 3-School Leadership - Nicle Ragasajo

The school as an
organization
 The school as an organization

Introduction
The school is considered as one of the major institution
that constitute society.

It is a place where people of different ages learn and

acquire education and training in different grade or year
level.
 The school as an
organization
Preschool - is an early childhood program in
which children combine learning with play in a
program run by professionally trained adults.

Elementary -a school for the first four to six

grades, and usually including kindergarten.
 The school as an
organization
Junior - A junior high school is a school for
students from 7th through 9th or 10th grade.

Senior -refer to the last two years of the K-12

program and include grade 11 and 12
 The school as an
organization
College -An institution of higher education that grants
degrees, as a bachelor's degree after a four-year
course or an associate degree after a two-year course

University -refers to larger institutions offering

both undergraduate and graduate programs.
Organizational Theories

A school is founded in an educational organization setting

with a distinct vision, mission, goals, and objectives
(VMGOs). The school's VMGO is a statement of its goals
that acts as a blueprint for planning and decision-making.
There are a number of theories that explain how
organizations are structured, and they can be categorized
as either classical or modern organizational theories
depending on how they approach formal organizational
ideas.
 Taylor's scientific
management approach
"Taylor's work is based on the concept of
planning of work to achieve efficiency,
standardization, specialization, and
simplification that promotes mutual trust
between the management and workers in
order to increase productivity"
Taylor's work also proposed four principles of scientific
management articulated below:

1. Science, not rule of thumb-develop a science of each

element of man's work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb.

2. Scientific selection of the worker - scientifically select and

then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the
past he chose his own work and trained himself the best he
could.
Taylor's work also proposed four principles of scientific
management articulated below:

3. Management and labor cooperation rather than conflict-

heartily cooperate with the men so as to ensure all of the
work being done is in accordance with the
Principles of science which has been developed.

4. Scientific training of the worker-workers should be trained

by experts using
Scientific method.
The following concepts suggested by Taylor in order to
increase the level of trust

The advantages of productivity improvement should go to

workers;
Physical stress and anxiety should be eliminated as much
as possible,
Capabilities of worker should be developed through
training; and
The traditional 'boss' concept should be eliminated.
 Fayol's administrative
approach.
Van (2009) emphasized that Fayol laid the first foundation
for modern scientific management in the early 1900 which
serve as guidelines for decision-making and
management actions. Van (209) further articulated that
this management concept which is known as the 14
principles of management is considered as the
underlying factors for successful management:
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

1. Division of Work-tasks is divided among employees

according to their field of expertise or field of specialization.

2. Authority and Responsibility- the management has the

authority to give orders to subordinates that comes with
corresponding responsibility.
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

3. Discipline is about the core values anchored on the vision

and mission of an organization to form of good conduct
which essential to the successful operation of the
organization.

4. Unity of Command all orders received must come from one

manager only otherwise it will cause confusion to employees.
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

5. Unity of Direction - this ensures that all actions are properly

coordinated and requires employees to perform and carry out
activities as one team leading to the same objectives using
one plan.

6. Subordinate of Individual Interest - is about prioritization of

organization's interest over personal interest which applies to
all members of the organization.
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

7. Remuneration is about rewards and compensations to

efforts that have been made which could be in a form of
monetary or non-monetary that keeps employees motivated
and productive.

8. The Degree of Centralization- this implies the

concentration of decision-making authority at the top
management.
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

9. Scalar Chain - is about the hierarchical structure that is

always present at any type organization. There should be a
clear line of in the area of authority from the top
management down to the lowest level.

10. Order - this pertains to the order and safety of employees

in order to function properly at work.
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

11. Equity-this implies equal treatment among members of the

organization.

12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel - this is about the proper

deployment and management of personnel by providing
employees the opportunity to be considered for tenured
position based on their performance.
 14 principles of management by Henni Fayol

13. Initiative - this allows employees to express ideas that will

help benefit the company.

14. Esprit de Corps - this promotes unity among employees,

develops morale in the workplace, and creates atmosphere of
mutual trust and understanding.
 Weber's bureaucratic
approach
Max Weber is a further addition to contemporary organizational theory. He is a German
sociologist who is regarded as the founding father of sociology and is well known for
his bureaucratic theory of management. Bureaucracy is an organizational structure
that is characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures, and
requirements, number of desks, the meticulous division of labor and responsibility, clear
hierarchies, and professional, almost impersonal interaction between employees.
According to Weber, bureaucracy is the most effective way to set up an organization
and is significantly better than the traditional structure (Mulder, 2017). Based on
Weber's bureaucratic model, Mulder (2017) and Lagaard (2006) highlighted the three
different sorts of power that can be found in an organization.
 Weber's Bureaucratic models

Traditional authority-based on historically created

legitimacy where authority is hereditary and based on
dependent subordinates;
Legal, rule-oriented authority- the bureaucratic type of
authority, based on normative rules for career, hierarchy
etc.; and
Charismatic authority - the personal authority, based on a
type of 'seduction' and hence, the devotion of supporters.
also articulated the following elements that support
Fayol's bureaucratic
Management:
All regular activities within a bureaucracy can be
regarded as official duties;
Management has the authority to impose rules; and
Rules can be easily respected on the basis of established
methods.
" The following are the salient features of Max Weber's
Bureaucratic Theory

1. Task specialization - sometimes called the division of

labor wherein individual tasks are divided into separate
jobs which allows to manage tasks easily.

2. Hierarchical of authority - Managers are organized into

hierarchical layers, where each layer of management is
responsible for its staff and overall performance.
" The following are the salient features of Max Weber's
Bureaucratic Theory

3. Formal selection - All employees are selected on the basis

of technical skills and competencies, which have been
acquired through training, education and experience and are
paid accordingly.

4. Rules and requirements - Formal rules and requirements

are required to ensure uniformity, so that employees know
exactly what is expected of them.
" The following are the salient features of Max Weber's
Bureaucratic Theory

5. Impersonal - Regulations and clear requirements create

distant and impersonal relationships between employees, with
the additional advantage of preventing nepotism or
involvement from outsiders or politics.
6. Career orientation - Employees of a bureaucratic
organization are selected on the basis of their expertise. This
helps in the deployment of the right people in the right
positions and thereby optimally utilizing human capital.
The works of Taylor, Weber, and Fayol are some of the many
theories that have significantly contributed in the
management of organizations, and which also became the
foundation of other succeeding organizational theories that
are being adopted by many organizations.
School Leadership
 Introduction
School leadership= from the term "school leader" it means a
principal, assistant principal or other individual who is an
employee or officer of elementary school or secondary
school.
 Which is the main focus of leadership in the school?

The principal works closely with teachers to increase student

achievement because the leader of the school has a high
level of responsibility to students, teachers, parents, and the
community.
 Why is school leadership is important?

It is because school leaders establish great teaching

practices.
So being a leader we need to apply this kind of attitude

Honesty and integrity - As a leader you need to know your self and
our values. Find a school that aligns with your values and then model
your values And the schools values to all in your community. Make a
personal commitment to be honest with yourself and your team at all
times. Be transparent, nurture honestly and Integraty in your faculty
and student, if you make a mistake admit it, take responsibility for it,
resolve it and learn from it. always uphold your and word and your
promises.
So being a leader we need to apply this kind of attitude

Ability to trust and empower - Listen to your teacher and student.

Learn their talent, interest and Passion and then delegate
accordingly. Empower them to take responsibility for task and make
sure you praise them for what they achieve

Communicative, collaborative and connected - Openly seek and

share information and knowledge. Seek to be understood and to
understand others.
So being a leader we need to apply this kind of attitude

Positive energy - Always present a positive, pro-active and caring

approach. Make the time to speak with students, teachers and
parents. get to know and value them by developing authentic
relationship.

Confidence - Be confident and approachable, even if this is your

first principalship and you are feeling overwhelmed.
Thank You
So Much!
And God
bles
 Quiz
1. What is School Organization?

2. Give at least 2 stages/steps in School Organization

3 What are the 3 theorist in the Organizational Theories

4 Give at least 3 theorist of Fayol

5 Does School Leadership is important? Yes or No

and why