3 In perfectly elastic collision, which statement correctly describes momentum and energy

a
conservation?

A Momentum and total energy are conserved.

B Momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not.
C Momentum is not conserved and kinetic energy is.
D Momentum is not conserved but total energy is.

4 Three equal forces F acting at a point are in equlibrium. Which diagram correctly represents
these forces?

A c

A 2.0m long uniform rod of mass 1.0kg is pivoted at point P and it is in equilibrium under the
forces acting on it as shown in the diagram.

What is the value of force F?

A 40N
B 70N
C 120 N
D r40 N

924311 J2003

[Turn ovgr
6 at a constant speed. If the mass is halved, the angular
A particle moves in a horizontal circle
sp;ed doubled and the radius unchanged, what happens to the centripetal force?

A doubled
B halved
C reducedbY aquarter
D remains the same

7' The distance between the centre of the Earth and a communications satellite is 42 000km.
Wfr"iir A; gravitational force between the Satellite and the earth? (Mass of Earth =
6.0 x 102akg, Mass of satellite : 50kg).

A 2.3 x
10-'N
B 1.1 x
10'N
' C 4.8x108N
D 1.7x10"N

g Two planets, Xand l/have masses M. and M " andradii of r., and r, respectively.
The free fall acceleration on the surfaces of both planets is the same.

Deduce the value d the given information.

#from
I
A
4

I
B
2

C1
D2

9243n 12003
g A source at O produces a sound wave of frequency 66}ltzwhich propagates along
OX'
Vibrating air particles, P and Q, are 25cm apart on OX as shown.

PO >x
o
25cm

What is the phase difference between P and Q?

(Velocity of sound in air is 330ms-')

lt
A
4

B'T
2
l

C nt.

D2n

l0 Which.effect provides direct experimental evidence that light is a franwerse wave?

B Two coherent light waves can be mado to interfere

C Light can be polarised by reflection at a glass surface.
D Light is refracted by a glass prism.

9243n J2003

[Turn over.
 ----

11 which of the following statements is true about stationary waves?

A Particles in each loop have the same ampiitude.

B Adjacent particles have a phase difference of n radians.
C Distance between adjacent nodes is one full wavelength.
D Particles in adjacent loops are completely out of phase..

12 When a monochromatic light of wavelength 5 x 10-7m is incident normally on a diffraction

grating, second-order diffraction lines are formed at angles of 30o to the normal.

What is the number of lines per millimetre of the grating?

A 500
B 250
c 1000
D 2000

13 A charged sphere is suspended into a metal can by an insulating thread. The outside of the can
is earthed.

which diagram shows the resuiting charges on the sphere and on the can?

9243il J2003
 f- ----'-rr _-----
!, u- __.
- ----- -- --
- -
-

t4 Nine resistors are connected as shown in the diagram.

What is the effective resistance between X and y?

A2A
B 3s)
c4C,
D .6sJ

15 r Two resistors of resistances 5Q and lSQ are connected as shown

in the diagram.

15sJ

The 5Q resistorproduces 30W. What is the powerproduced

by the l5e resistor?

A l80w
B 90w
c 30w
D l0w

9241/t J2003

[Turn over
7
I

16 The diagram shows two resistors of resistance 5 000Q and? 500s) connected in series.

A potential difference of l20V is maintained aooss them.

1 20V

The potential difference across the 5 000e2 resistor is measured using a voltmeter of internal
resistance 5 000O.

What is the reading of the voltmeter?

A I2OV
B 80V
c 60v
D 40V

924311 1200t
 to a
17 MN of length 100'0cm which is connected
The diagram shows atllriform resistance Tf
standard cell of e.m.f. 1.5V and of negligible internal resistance'

galvanometer and a slider P' as .. '

The circuit is completed with a cell of e.m.f. E, a sensitive
shown.

E?
When no current flows through the galvanometer, what is the value of

A 0.6v
B O.9V
C 6.OV
D 9.OV

1g A23 pF capacitor charged initially by a 30V source is disconnected from the source and then
connected to an uncharged 1.0pF capacitor'

What is the final potential difference across the capacitors?

A 10v
B 15V
C 2OV
D 3OV

9243^ t2003
[Turn over
19 The charge on a uranium nucleus is 1.5 x l0-r7C and that qn an a - particle is
3.2 x lO-reC.

What is the electrostatic force between a uranium nucleus and an a - particle separated by
1.0 x l0-r3m?

I
A f+.1 x to-'oN

B 4.3 x IO-BN

C 4.3 x l08N

D 4.3 x 10\

9243il t2403
20 A particle of charge q with velocify z* enters perpendicularly to a magnetic field of flux
density,B as shown.

tx x x

R
X...'
j5
x

If the pariicie moves in a circuiar path of radius ^R, r,vhat is the mass of the particie?

BaR
A
V

Bry V.

tsqR'
(-
V

BaVz
D
R

92431t J2003

[Turn over
2l A sinusoidal alrcrnating voltag"e V produced by a generator is given by the expression

= 140sin400t.

Whataretheapproximatefrequencyandther.m.s.voltagevalues?

a free fall as shown. The aturospheric

22 A conrainer with a liqoid of density p, experiences
presstre is H.

-l---
l-_-
:[p --.

what is the pressure at poiot P?'

Assuming the air friction to be negligible,

A Tl:to
BH
c H+hpg
D H-hpg

9243/l J2003
 tr::---__\
.\ -\
\
\

Three rods with same dimensions were stretched and the load-extension curyes drawn
as
2l
shown.

What are X, Y andZ?

x Y Z

A copper glass rubber

B copper rubber glass

C glass copper rubber

D glass rubber copper

9243ti J2003

[Turn over
_-- '
-v

24 Intemal energy of a system is the

A thermal energy which remains in the system when it'is cooled to absolute zero.
B thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of the system by one Kelvin.
C total amount of work which has been done on the system.
D sum of kinetic energies and potential energies of the molecules.

25 A mass of an ideal gas of volume V at pressure P undergoes the cycle of changes as shown in
the graph.

Pll}sPa
4

5 V/10nm'

At which points is the gas coolest and hottest?

coolest hottest

A N L

B N M

C M L

D M N

9243n J200i
 26 The average speed of molecules of a certain gas at 100'C is 600ms-r.

Which of the following would change the average speed to approximately I 200ms-t?

A increasing tk initial volume to four times

B reducing tlrc initial pressure to half
C increasiog the temperature to 400oC
D increasing the ternperature to I 2moc

27 An ice cube whose mass is 50g is taken from a fridge at -l0oC and dropped intoagla5s of
water at OoC. In the process no heat is gained or lost from the outside.

\Given that latent heat of fusion of water is 333 000Jkg-r and specific heat capacity of
icc is 2 l00Jkg-tK-r, what mass of ice would form on the cube?

A l.6g
B 3.2e
C 4.8g
D 6.4e

28 When a clean metal in a vacuum is irradiated with monocluomatic ultra-violet radiation,

'electrons are
emitted.

Which of the following will double if the intensity of the ulta-violet radiation is doubled?

A theneaximum speed of the electron

, B the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons
C the rate of eraission of the electrons
, D the threshold frequerrcy of the metal surface
I

9243i1 J2003
[Turn over
 give rise to three spectal lines of
29 Transitions between three energy levels in a particular atom
wavelength s h, and 4, in order of increasing magnitude.
\,
which of the following equations correctly relates \, )rrand ,1r?

A
111 --
\4/'3
-=-?

l1l
B -----
\ )', L,

c \=L-\
D \=)"-L'

30 The half-life of a certain radioactive element is such *" * of a given quantity decays in 12

daYs.

What fraction remains undecayed aftet 24days?

AG 1

I
832

cA 1

I
D tz'

9243/l J2003
 :

MARKING SCHEME . JUNE 2OO3

1. B 16. C

2.8 17. B

3.A 18. C

4.D 19. D

5.D 2A. A
6.A 21. C

7. B 22. B

8.C 23. C

9.C 24. D

10. c 25. D

. 11. D 26. D

12. A 27. B

13. A 28. C

14. B 29. A
15. D 30. c
 Candidate Name

ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Levet

PHYSICS 9243t2
PAPER 2

wednesday 11 JUNE 2003 Morning I hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:
Electronic calculator and/or mathematical tables

TIME t hour 45 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANOIDATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper FOR EXAMINER'S USE
For numerical answers, all working should be shown.
I
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
2
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end ofeach
question or part question. 3
The quality of your language will be taken into account in the
marking of your answers which contain explanations. 4

I
8

Qualify of
language

TOTAL

This question papcr consists of 16 printed pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, J2N3.

ozIMsEc J2003 [Turn over
 Data

speed of light ln free spacer c = 3.00 x 10E ms-l

permeability of free space,
lh= hr x 10-7 Hm-l

permittivity of free space,

S=8.8Sx10-12fr-]
elementary charge, o = 1.60 x 10-1e C

the Planck constant, Ir = 6.63 x 10-34 Js

unified atomic mass constant, u= 1.66x 1O-27kg

rest mass of electron, fie = 9.11 x 10-3t kg

rest mass of proton, mc = 1.67 x 10-27 kg

molar gas constant, F = 8.31 JK-l mol-l

the Avogadro constant, Na = 6.02 x 1023 mol-l

the BolEmann constant, k = 1.38 , 19-23 .;6-f
gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 1g-lf N m2 kg-2

acceleration of free lall,

9=9.91 ms-2
Formulae

unifOrmly accelerated motion' s = ut +lat2

v2 = at2 +2as

work done on/by a gas, w- pLV

gravitational potential, o=-G*

r

re{ractive index, n-
"
1

sinC
resistors in series, R=Rt+R"+...

resistors in Parallel, 1lR=11H,,+1lRr+...

electric potential, V= -Q
4Teor

capacitors in series, 1lC=1lC.t+1lCr+...

capacitors in Parallel, C=Ct+Cr+.,.

yy =
energy of charged caPacitor, IAV
alternating cu rrenVvoltage, x = Xosin cr-rf

hydrostatic Pressure, P= Pgh

pressure of an ideal gas, P=*

ff.c',
radioactive decaY, x = XoexP(-,it)

,
A=
0.693
decay constant, t]
-

3Ho'
criti:al density of matter in the Universe, Po = 8"C

equation of continuitY, Av = constant

Bemoulli equation (simPlified), o, + ltvl= Pr+ lPv!

Stokes'lau f = Arqv
p+
Reynolds' number' R"=

drag force in turbulent llow,

7 = Brzpvz

s243D 12003
lTurn over
1 (a) .Pr
Distinguishbetween uryrrr*otirerrorand arandamerrorinthemeasurement ledl
of a physical quantity.
lu,
I

121

(b) The length and width of a piece of paper were found tobe297 *, I mrn and I

I
152*. 1 mrn respectively. I

(i) What is the fractional turcertainty in its area? I

I

I
I

I
uncertainty =
I
I

(ii)
I

Find the area of the paper. State your answer with its uiicertainty.

area =
t7l

2 (a) . What do you understand by simple harmunic motion?

121

(b) When a mass M is hung from the free end of a helical spring, an
equilibrium extension e is produced. The mass is then pulled down
and released.

State two conditions which must be satisfied for the subsequent

motion to be considered simple harmonic.

2. L2]
e2434 J]001
(c) t; lc
The period T of the motion in (b) is given by T -*l;where g is the n:rrrrlr#t
' acceleration due to gravity and e is the extension of the spring.
Ifo

when the mass M on the spring is 0.040 kg, the vertical displacement y
of the mass varies with time t according to the relation y 0.010 sin2$r
=
What is

(r) the amplitude of vibration?

mplituds =

(ir) the p,-'riod 7 of the vibration?

T-
(iii) the equilibrium extension e?

e=

92$nnN3
 Fc
(iv) the spring constant /r? rlr'lrladl
Ur

k=
t7l

3 (a) Define electric potential dffirence.

tzl

(b) Two resistors giving resistances of 1.8 kQ and 4.7 kA are connected
in series to a battery of e.m.f. l2 V and negligible internal resistance
as shorvn in Fig.3.l.

1.8 kQ 4.7 kA

12V
h--l
Fig.3.1

(i) What is meant by the expression an e.mJ'of 12 W

tu
 (ii) What is the potential difference across
-r;-
Enilhdt
Ur
(1) the 1.8 /cQ resistor?

potential difference:

(2) the 4.7 frQ resistor?

potential difference =

t3l
(c) (i) Explain why the potential rjitfcrence across the terminals of a
battery is normally lo.il,er than ihe battery's e.m.f.

(ii) Under rvhat conditions is the potential difference across a battery's

terminals equal to its e.m.fl

t3l

9243D t2003

lt2
 Pc
State the meaning of the terms nwmnct'l
Ur
(i) stress ,

strain.

l2l
Fig. 4.1 shows the force extension graph for a given length of wire.

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

extension/mm

Fig.4.1
The wire obeys Hooke's law over the whole range of extensions considered.
The wire has a diameter of 0.40 mm and its unstretched length is 2.0 cm.

(D Calculate the gradidnt of the graph.

gradient =

(ii) Hence or otherwise, find the Young Modulus of the wire.

Young Modulus =

(iii) Calculate the strain of.the wire when a load of 4 N is attached to

the free end of the wire.

strain:

,2$2nnl
 Fc
5 (a) What is meant by photoelectric ffict? nwrinfdt
Ur

12)

(b) In a photoelectric experiment a metal surface in an evacuated tube is

illuminated with monochromatic light. State the effect of halving the
intensity of the light on

(r) the energY of the Photon.

(ir) the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons,

(iii) the work function of the metal,

(iv) the photoelectric current.

t4l

(c) (i) What does the photoelectric effect demonstrate about the nature
of electromagnetic radiation?
 (ir) In what way does diffraction of light give rise to a theory which
Fr
is inconsistent with the evidence shown by the photoelectric n'rffih!t't
effect? Ur

t3l
(d) Describe how experimental evidence on the wave nature of electrons
can be used to explain the inconsistency in (c) (ii).

4l

6 (a) Explain what is meant by

(i) gravitational field strength,

(ii) gravitational potential.

t2l
(b) Write down an expression for gravitational field strength, defining all
symbols used.
\

t3l
92$nn003
 Fa
(c) (i) At one point on the line between the Earth and the Moon, Errr*ndt
the gravitational field strength caused by these two bodies is Ur
zeto. Briefly explain why this is so.

t2)

(ii) If this point is 4.0 x km from the Ivloon, calculate the ratio
104 of
the mass of the Moon to that of the Earth (distance from Earth
to Moon:4.0 x l0s km;.

ratio = t4l

7 (a) (i) Explain the nreaning of tire ternt tlif/iuctiun.

t2l

(iil Hovr is diffraction of a wave affected by the width of an aperture?

t2l

(_
i
rl

{r:+ \
P
\
v
(b) A beam of red light from a laser falls normally onto a diffraction Fc
nrrnindl
grating. Bright light is seen emerging at certain angles as shown in
Ur
Fig.7.1.

Fig.7.1

Use the principle of superposition to suggest a qualitative

explanation
of this effect.

t3l

produces second-order bright

(c) When illuminated normally, a diffraction grating
light of
images with an angle of Otid between them. If monochromatic
grating in mm.
wav-elength 600 nm is used, find the spacing of the

t4l
spacmg =

92$nD00,3
 Fc
8 Read the following passage. E nrrindf
Urc
Radioactive clocks

The best known example of a radioactive clock is the carbon - 14 clock.

Neutrons produced by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere interact with
nitrogen - 14 producing a proton and carbon - 14. The radioactive isotope,
carbon 14, is absorbed by living organisms or plants in the form of carbon
-
dioxide. The ratio of the radioactive carbon to ordinary carbon in the
organism's body is constant as long as it is living.

When the organism dies absorption of carbon dioxide ceases and the
carbon 14 clock effectively begins to tick because the proportion of radioactive
-
carbon to ordinary carbon steadily diminishes according to the decay law.
This method of dating depends on two assumptions; that the rate of production
of carbon 14 in the atmosphere has remained constant over the period to which
-
the method can be applied [up to about forfy or fifty thousand years], and that the
duration of assimilation of carbon - l4 by the organism was short compared with
the time to be measuied. However modifications need to be made to the former to
accolnt for the fluctuations that have occurred in the intensity of cosmic rays influx
from the outer space. Man's interference with the amount of carbon in the
atmosphere must also be taken into account.

(Half-life of carbon = 5 700 years)

(a) Define the following terms

(i) radioactive decay,

(iD isotopes.

tzl
(b) Sketch a graph to show how the ratio of carbon - 14 to ordinary carbon Fc
in a redwood tee which lived from 8 000 BC to 6 000 BC has varied
R.llnfu,l
with time. Indicate an approximate scale on your time axis. Ur

isl

(c) List two problems associated with carbon dating'

121
 Fr
nEilntng
(d) (i) Identiff two assumptions made When using this method. Ur

l2l
(ir) Give a reason for making these assumptions.

lll
(e) Write nuclear equations to represent

14
(D the production of in the upper atmosphere,
UC

74
(ii) the B-decay of
UC.

t2)

(0 Write down two uses of radioactivity other than radioactive clocks.

t21
s18812 June 2003 Markinq Schem

(a) Systematic error - one which affects all readings by same

magnitude.
Random - arises when a repeated reading gives different
values. (2)

(b) (i) Area=LXW (1)

AA AL AW (1)
ALW
1*
L==297 152 o.oo995 (0.01)

(1)

(ii) Area = 45144 mm' (1)

AA = 449 (400) mm2 (1)
Therefore A = 45100 t 400 mm2 (2)

(a) That motion for which the acceleration is directly proportional to the
distance from equilibrium position and is always directed towards
the centre. (2)

(b) (i) acceleration must be directed towards equilibrium/centre

-\ always. (1)

(c) (i) 0.010 m (1)

ztr
(ii) :::: =20
T

Therefore T = 0.314s (2)

(iii) e +A= overall extension.

6"A
l-^t-
,n\ g
T2i
4nz
'r 9=e*A
T2o
e =_-__A
4nz

= 0.0145m {2)
(iv) W'=!m
(=*'m
''
= ZG x0.040 = 16N/m. Q)

Electric p.d.: work done per unit charge, (a)when

charge is
(a)
or (b) when
moved from one point to another in a closed circuit
electrical energy is converted to other forms' Q)

(b) (i)l2Jotworkaredoneperunitchargeindrivingchargeround (1)

a closed circuit.
1.8x12 (2)
(ii) Vrern= (1S+4n
: 3.3V

V.+.zk,r: (12-3'3)V
= B7v (1)

(c) (i) Batteryhasinternalresistancesomeworkhastobedone

to overcome it.

(3)
(ii) When there is an oPen circuit

(a) (i) stress = (,i )

cross section area

extension (1)
(ii) strain =
originallength

(5 - 2)N (1)
(b) (i) Gradient =
(0.7 0.28)mm
(1)
= 7.14 Nmm-1

( ii) youngModutus =ffi (2)

(1)
= 1.14 x 10s Nm-2
(1)
( iii) Strain =
young modulus
 4x4
zr(0.4 x 10-3)2
1.14 x10s
(1)
t
= 2.8 x 10-2 (1)

(a) The release of electrons from a polished metal surface after it

it has been irradiated with light of appropriate frequency. (2)

(b) (i) Energy of photon is independent of intensity so no effect. (1)

(ii) Has no effect. (1)

(iii) Has no effect. (1)

(iv) lt is halved also. (1)

(c) (i) lt shows the particulate nature of (electromagnetic radiation)

light. (1)

(ii) Diffraction is a propefi of waves wfrich means light is a

form of wave yet photoelectric effect shows the particle
behaviour of light. (2)

(d) The experiments show that light can behave at one time as a
wave and another time as a particle.

Experiments have shown that high-speed electrons can be

diffracted in much the same way they are known to be particles
but are behaving as waves. (4)

6 (a) (i) Gravitationalfore acting per unit mass in the field. (1)

(ii) Work done per unit mass in bringing the mass from
infinity to a point in the field. (1)

GM
(b) 9= *,' (1)

g = field strength
G = universal gravitation constant (1)

M = mass of earth
R = distance from centre of earth to the point (1)
 (c) (i) At this point gravitationalforces due to earth and moon
are equal so no net force hence field strength is zero.

(ll) ME Mm
= (1)
&, tr
R1 = 4xloskm-4.ox1o4km (1)

M,_ (+xto'rmf _ r (1)

ME (e.o rroskmf 81
= 1.23 x 10'2

Mr: M" = 1:81 (1)

7 (a) (i) The spreading of a wave to those regions we would not

expecl it. (1)
After passing though an aperture or obstacle. (1)

(ii) lf aperture is narrow, diffraction is more pronounced. (1)

lf aperture is wide, diffraction is not pronounced. (1)

(b) Light from coherent sources is superposed, where there is

constructive interference a bright image is formed. Where
there is destructive interference a dark image is seen. At the
centre where light from all sources interfere constructively,
there is the bright central order. (3)
nl.
(c) (1)
sin0

2x600x10-e
(1)
.160")
slnl
\2-
I

= 2.40 x 10-6m (1)

(a) (i) Random, spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei. (1)

( ii) Atoms of the same element with same number of

protons but different numbers of neutrons. (1)
 foto ,"*fl

(c) There is interference by man on the amount of carbon

in the atmosphere. (1)

There are fluctuations in the intensity of comic rays affecting

proportion of carbon-14 to ordinary tarbon (1)

(d) (i) Production of carbon-14 has remained constant. (1)

Duration of assimilation of carbon-14 by organism was

short compared to time to be measured. (1)

(ii) So that the clock model is simple to use without

complications. (1)

(e)
1n
* 1oN -14" 1

o"' 7"- 6-*1P

'uoa-'ro*._0,,u

(0 Any two plausible uses, e.g. tracers, therapy, diagnosis.

/sK
C:\MYDOCUMENTS\MARKtNG-SCHEME-9243{2. N02
 ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
GeneralCertificateofEducationAdvancedLevel

PHYSICS 924313
PAPER 3

Friday 13 JUNE 2003 Morning 2 hours 30 minutes

Additional materials:
Answer PaPer

TIME 2 hours 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer

paperianswer booklet.

Answer six questions.

Answer four questions from section A and two questions
from section B.

write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets tOgether.

All working for numerical answers must be shown'

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

question or part question'
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
You are advised to spend about 40 minutes on Section B'
in your answers'
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation

@ts of 1? printed pages and 3 blank pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council' 12003'

[Turn over
Data.

speed of light in lree space, c=3.00x108ms-1

permeability of lree space,
Po= 4n x 10-7 Hm-l

permittivity of free space, €o = 8.85 x 10-12 Fm-l

elementary charge, e = 1.60 x 19-ls C

the Planck constant, h=6.63x10-34Js

unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg

rest mass of electron, fre = 9.11 x 10-31 kg

rest mass ol proton, frp = 1.67 x 1o-27 kg

molar gas conslant, R = 8.31 J K-l mol-1

the Avogadro constant, Nn = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1

the Boltzmann conslant, k = 1 .38 y 19-23 .; 6-r

gravitational conslant, G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2

acceleration ol lree lall, 9= 9'81 ms-2

 unilormly accelerated motion, s = ul +$atz
vz = u2+2as

work done on/by a gas, W= pAV

gravitational potential, $=-Gm

r

relractive index, n= 1

sin C
resistors in series, R-R,,+Rr+...
resistors in parallel, llR=1lBr+1lRr+...
electric poiential, V= 4reor
Q

capacitors in series, 'llC=ltCr+1lCr+...

capacitors in parallel, C.=Cr+Cr+...
energy ol charged capacitor, w= lov
allernati ng currenVvoltage, x = Xosin cr,rl

hydrostatic pressure, P= pgh

pressure of an ideal gas, p = |ff."',
radioactive decay, X = XoexP(-,it)

decay constant, A-
, 0.693
tt
-

3Ho'
criticaldensity of matler in the Universe, ,l--
t,o - gnG

equalion ol continuily, Ay = constant

'Bernoulli equation (simplilied), Pt+ lpr?= p2+ tpvl

Stokes'law, . F= Arqv

Reyno.lds' number, seq=lY

drag lorce in turbulent llow, F = Brzpvz

[Turn over
129
 Answer,any four questions from
this section.
(a) A moving body can undergo accereration
Explain this statement. at constant speed. u.
t3I
(b) A pendulum bob of rf, 7?.0 eis tied to one end of a thin string. The
constant speed or4.5 m/s in
,.?.:J:.Io0filu|,o;t;,X.T.1i;rffi.; a verticar circre or

Fig. I.l
The centre o of the circre formed
is 1.50 m above the ground.A, B and-f
positions of the bob as it moves c are
ground vertically below
in u v ii .'
rr:) u poirt on the
B. "rr.ut*,,otion.
(i) Calculate

I oh. centripetal force,

?
3
the magnituAe of ttre tension in
the magnitude of the trrrion in
the string at A,
the,t ini uif.
(ir) sketch a diagram of th.e forces acting t6l
on the bob at position c.
On your sketch show the resultant
oFtn, forces.
t3l
(iir) At which position is the string most rikely
to break? Exprain your choice.
I2l
(iv) I Describe the motion of the bob when
sting breaks
the Yx'r'E vr at the most
likelY Position.

2 Determine the position of the bob rerative

to point D when the
bob lands on *re ground.

3 shte one assumption that you make in your

carculation.
o2d?/1 rrnnl |.61
2 (a) State Newton's law of gravitation. l2l
(b) A satellite of mass M is orbiting the Earth. The period of rotation of the
satellite is Tand the radius of orbit is r. Using the expression for the force
causing acceleration, show thatf n f. t3l

(c) A geostationary satellite of mass 70 kg is put in orbit.

' (i) What do you understand by geostationary satellite?

(ir) Calculate the angular velocity of the satellite.

(iiD Given that the rnass.of the earth is 6.0 x l02a kg, deduce the value of
the radius of orbit of the satellite.

(iv) Why is such a satellite used for communication?

t8l

(d) After some time the satellite in (b) loses energy and it moves from one gravitational
equipotential surface of radius r to another of radius f3 .

(D Explaiir the termsp otential and equipotential surface as applied

to gravitation.

(ii) Using your answer in c(iii), calculate the change in gravitational

potential energy.
t5l

(e) State and explain one way in which the satellite loses energy. l2l

3 (a) Define magneticfltoc linkage and state its SI unit. t2)

(b) (i) State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

(iD State Lenz's law and explain why it is an example of a law of

conservation of energy.
-
tsl

9243812W3
 (c) The north pore of a.mrgryt is pured
out of a sorenoid to which
is connected (see Fig.3-.1). A,
B;a;d D are points on the wire.a garvanometer

solenoid
of
pull
->direction
A
IJ

Fig.3.I
Use Lenz's law to predict the
direction of current induced: rn.Ine
in the solenoid.
Explain your answer. sorenoid.
t3l
(d)
f 91a! nlece of wire 6 0.nl-,, moved across a
d;n;i* 1.2*B-;"f]*gth
mr u, u i.io.i,y of,8.0 mrs as;;*,
uniform magnetic
.l:]1,:lly
wrre rs moved along rails of a in Fig.3.2. rhe
copper wire.

magnetic flux
x xxx XX
density into x xxx XX V = 8.0 m/s
the paper 6.0 cm
XX
,\
'. !.

Fig.3.2
(i) Explain how the current is induced
in the circuit.
(ir) Calculate the value of the induced
e.m.f.
(iir) If the wire AB has a resistance of 0.25 sJ
m-r, calcurate the varue of the
induced current.

(iv) state three different ways in which

the varue of the induced current
in d(iii) can be increased.

tl0l
4 (a) Explain how a physical property of a substance which varies with temperature
may be used for the measurement of'temperature' t2)

(lr) (i) Describc thc principal features of a thcrmocouple thermometer.

(ii) Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of a thermometer

which may be used in place of a thermocQuple thermometer.
t7l

When a resistance thermometer is placed in a bath of liquid at OoC it measures

a
(c) ().
resistance of 2120 Q. The bath is cooled untilthe thermometer measures 1070
At 100'C the thermometer measures 7320 A'

(i) bath after cooring, when measured using

xlIJ,.,lHJ:trffi:H:.:1;r.
(ii) The reading taken at the same time on a thermocouple placed in the
bath is -18;C. Suggest a reason for the difference betw'een this reading
and the value calculated in c(i).
[1]
(d) (i) what is meant by thermodynamic scale of temperature?

(ii) The pfessurep of an ideal gas is related to the mean square speed
. c' , of its molecules by the expression p = \ p >, *here p is
"'
the density of the gas.

Deduce an expression for the mean kinetic energ)' of a molecule in

terms of the temPerature T'

(iii) Explain, in terms of the energies of atoms. the conditions un,Jer uhich it
is possible to increase the total energv of the atonls of a substance u'ithout
any temperature changes of the substance.
t7l

5 (a) Define electric fielt) srrength and state its SI unit' tf ]

i

(b) State the equation of a tbrce F acting on a charge t7 travelling ri'ith veltrcin' I-
perpendicuiar to a unitbrm r.nagnetic tield of tlux ilensitl' B. tl ]

(c) (i) Outline Millikan's oil-drop experinrettt. l

(ii) Give two cxperirnental picccs of evirlcnce that pror irle lirr thc
quanriiation of charge
i6l
 (d) Electrons'of speed 3,2 x 107 ms-l enter a uniform electric field at right angles to
the field. The electric field is provided by a potential difference of 80 V across
t'wo horizontal parallel plates. Each of the platgs is of length 2.0 cm with a
separation of 0.5 cm.

(i) Calculate

I the time taken by the electron to pass between the two plates,

2 the electric field strength between the plates,

3 the force on an electron due to the electric field,

4 the acceleration of the electron along the direction of the field,

5 the speed of the electron perpendicular to its initial direction of

motion as it leaves the region between the plates.

(iD With the aid of a diagram, describe the path of tlie electron as it passes
through the electric field.
tl ll
6 (a) (i) State the laws of refraction.

(ii) Explain, using a diagram, the meanings of. critical angle and total
internal reflection.
tsl

(b) A ray of light in air is incident on a glass block at point A at an incident

angle of 60" as shown in Fig. 6.1. The ray also fneets side KL at B. The
refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5.

ray of
light

Fig.6.l

0, Calculate the angles 0 and Q.

(ii) Describe the path taken by the ray as it leaves side KL.
i4l
(c) Explain the difference between stationary and progressive waves in terms of

(i) the phase difference between points on the wave,

(ii) the amplitudes of each particle on the wave'

t4l

(d) A diffraction grating with 300lines per mm is placed infront of a monochromatic

grating, has red
source of red ilgt t. a screen, placed 200.0 cm beyond the
light images miarrr"d at certain positions on the scale'on the screen
(see Fig.6.2).

185.2 cm
diffraction

135.6 cm
92.6 cm
red
light 49.6 cm
screen
i<-- 200.0 cm

Fig.6.2

(i) Use the first order spectrum to deduce the wavelength of red light.

(ii) check, using the second order, if your calculation in (i) is corect.
tsl

(e) (i) What is the main problem that would arise if the experiment were repeated
with infra-red radiation?

(ii) Suggest how the problem in (eXi) would be overcomed'

l2l

9243R120f,3
 Section B

Answer any two questions from this section.

On6 question is sel on each of the seven optional topics, namely,

OptionA, Astrophysics and Cosmology,

Option C, The Physics of Materiats,

Option E, Electronics,

Option F, The Physics of Fluids,

Option M, Medical PhYsics,

Option P, Environmental PhYsics,

Option T, .Telecommunications.

You should take approximately 40 minutes answering this section.

r 3f,
 OPtion A

AstroPhYsics and Cosmolory

7 (a) (D H[HTl|oftrHffiintrder
of magnitude of their masses starting

STAR PLANET GALAXY MOON I.INIVERSE

(il)Fromthelistgivenina(i),statetherelationshipswhichexistbetween
the bodies.
t6l

r from the earth travels at a

(b) According to Hubble's law, matter at a distance
speed v : H6r, where Ho is the Hubble's constant
and Ho: 17 x lg-lems-l'

Assuming a Big Bang scenario, estimate

(r) the age of the Universe,

(iD the critical density of the Universe.

t4l

(c) Account for the fact that your answer to b(i) is only
an approximation' t2l
(d) Describe and explain the significance of microwave
radiation' t3l
 Option E

Electronics

(a) With reference to an ideal operational amplifier, explain the terms

(D infinite open-loop gain,

(ir) infinite slew rate,

(iii) frequency bandwidth. I4l

(b) An operation amplifier with an open loop gain of 105 is connected to
+ 15 V and - l5 V supply voltage as shown in Fig. 9.1.

Fig.9.1.

(D If a differential input voltage of 5 V is applied to the non-inverting

input of the operational amplifier, what is the value of the output
voltage Vs? Justifr your answer.

(it) Two signals Vr and V2 are simultaneously applied to inverting and

non-inverting inputs respectively. Vr is a direct voltage of 3.0 V
w.hile V2 is a sinusoidal noise signal with a peak voltage of 4.5 V
(see Fig. 9.2).

9243R 12003
 VN
4.
3.
1.5
0
-1.
-3.
-4.5

Fig,9.2

Draw a labelled diagram ofthe output signal.

(iii) ' What is the application of the operational amplifier which operates
as in b(ii) above?
17l
(c) A water temperature monitor consists of an operational amplifier with a
negative feedback. It incorporates a thermistor as an input resistor. The
output terminals are connected to a siren which produces sound ofdifferent
tones (see Fig.9.3).

=10 kQ

+15V ,

speakqr

Y,= 2Y

srren
circuit

fig.9.3

When the output voltage Vo: l0 V the siren produces a high tone when the water
temperature is Tr. A low tone is produced at a temperature Tz when the output
voltage is 5 V.

(r) Calculate the values of the resistance of the thermistor Rnr which
correspond to temperatures Tr and Tz.

(it) State, without calculating, the relationship between the water temperature
and the siren tone.
t4l
 Option F

The Physic.i of Fluids

10 (a) Define the termspre ssure and density. Hence derive the formula for the pressure
at depth ft due to a fluid of density p. t4I

(b) A cylindrical object of diameter 30 cm and length 120 cm has mass 6.0 kg and is
floating in water of density I 000 kgm-3 with the circular surface horizontal.

I Calculate

(i) the upthrust on the cylinder,

(ii) the fraction of the cylinder which is below the water surface.

A body of mass 0.8 kg is placed on top of the floating cylinder.

The mass of the body increases to 6.8 kg. What is the new
fraction of the cylindrical object which is below the water surface?
t6l
(c) (i) What is meant by dragforce?
G'
li (ii) Briefly describe factors which affect the size ofthe drag force on an
,{
object w,hich moves through a stationarv lluid.

I
lsl
tt',
,4 ',
Option I\{

.tr, Medical Physics

s
ll (a) State the part of the eye that will
\
(i) refract Iight rays most,
l
^.-a
t,'
i\-
(ii) focus a beam of light. :r( "\\

t2l
(b) with the aid of diagrams, describe how an object from different distances
can be accommodated by the eye.
t4l
(c) (i) State two factors that will result in short sightedness.

(ii) with the aid of a diagram, suggest how short sightedness can be
corrected.

(iii) A person has short sight and cannot focus on an object further than
250 cm from the eye. Deduce the value of the fochl length of the lens
that can be used to correct the short sightedness. comment on the
value of the focal length obtained.
tel
9243/3 J2003

ffurrr over
l4t
 Option P

Environmental PhYsics

reactor'
12 (a) (r) With the aid of a diagram, describe the structure of a nuclear

(ii) State the use of I. moderator,

2. control rods,

3. coolant'
I8I

(b) A disaster occurred of a chain reaction that could not be controlled

as a rbsult
- Suggest a way that.could have been used to control
because of a power failure. --ee
the reaction Pl

(c) The length of a blade of a wide turbine is /, the velocity

of air is l/and the
densitY of air is P.

the turbine is
(r) show that the maximum power P that can be developed by

P-L*otvt.
2',
(iDExplainwhyitisimpossibletoachieverhisvalueofpower.
t5l

Option T

Telecommunications

13 (a) Explain with the aid of a diagramhow sky waves

can be trhnsmitted to '
dilierent places'on the earth's surface' ' r?I
LJ t

amplitude
(b) with the aid of a sketch graph exptain the.diffsrence between
What is the advantage-
,oauiution, AM, andfrJquency modulation, FM. rar
L'r
of FM overAM?

oiltn lrn01
(c) Fig. 13.1 shows an analogue signal which is to be converted into digital signal
by sampling after every 125 ps.

voltage
leveU V
6

125 250 375 575 ups

Fig.13.1

(i) What is meant by sampling time?

(ir) Write down the voltage values at different sampling times.

(iii) Convert the voltage values into binary codes and sketch a graph showing
the digital pulse.

(iv) State and explain one way of improving the regenerated signal.
t8l

924313 J2043
Answerc g243t3June 2003

Question 1

(a) Acceleration is rate of change of velocity with respect to time. A change in

direction causes velocity to change even if speed is constant.

(bx1) ur. w' - o'072x4'52

r 0,5

= 2,92N

(2\ l+mg=-MV2
r
.'.f=2,92-A,072x9,81

= 2,21N

(3) T=W'*^g
r
= 2,92 + 0,71

= 3,63N

(ii) String breaks at B since greatest tension is at B.

(iii)

mg

(ivXl) lnitialspeed is horizontaland path is parabolic.

(2) UseY =%g(

= Tzx 9,81f = :+ t = 0,04525

(3) Assume that there is no air resistance.

Question 2

(a) Ne6on's law of gravitation states that for two point masses. force is
directly proportional to the product of !h" masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the separation of the masses.

(b) UseF =GM:M =Mrwz

R

andw =2o
T

.'. Substitute for W to get

4fi2r3
-l*2 -
GMe

(cXi) A geostationary satellite is one with a period of 24 hours and it is always

above a particular point on the earth's surface.

2o
(ii) w=?a-
T 24x3600
-
f

= ,23 x 10-5 rdls

7

GY
(i ii) use
r"
=w'

6,67 xl}'tt x6,0xl02a

= 4,23 x 107m

(iv) A mention of the invariant position of satellite relative to particular

positions on the earth is needed.

'.t
(dxi) Gravitational potentialis energy per unit mass in taking the unit mass from
infinity to that point.

Equipotential joins points of the same gravitational potential.

(ii) The equation change in energy = GMeM

' [t - fl is used
[r, k)

.'.6,67 x 10-11 x 6 x 1 Oza x70 (

-*-=+r-l
[1,41x10'4,23x10' )

1,32 x 1OeJ

(e) There is drag in the upper part of the atmosphere therefore there is
conversion of energy into internal energy.

Question 3

(a) Magnetic flux can be defined by the equation @= BANcosO in which the
quantities have their usual meaning. The unit of @ is the Weber,

(b)(i) Faraday's law is stated as induced emf is directly proportional to the rate
of change of magnetic flux linking a circuit.

(ii) Lenz's law:- induced current opposes the motion or change producing it.
Explanation of Lenz's law should be in terms of work being done against
either attractive forces, or repu lsive f,orces'

(c) Direction of current is B to A and Lenz's law is used to deduce direction.

(dxi) The rate of change of area results in the change is magnetic flux, hence
an emf is induced. since circuit is complete, current flows.

(ii) UseE=BLV

= 1,2 x 10{ x 6,0 x 10-2 x 8,0

= 5,76 x 10-4V
(iiil l=!F and R=r/ =0,25x6,0x10-2
R

- 0,0576x10-3 = 0,015O
, 0,015

= 38,4mA

(iv) lncrease B, Ly and decrease resistance will change current

Question 4

(a) A physical property that can be used to measure temperature can be

caiiUrateO ai tne fixed points and it can be extrapolated to values outside
the range.

(bx1 A well labeled diagram of the thermocouple is helpful in descriling a

' thermocouPle..

(ii) A resistance thermometer has the advantage of measuring constant

temperatures accurately. A thermocouple has the advantage of
measuring rapidly changing temperatures.

(cXi) e=mxloo'c

_ 1070-2120 xrco
7320-2120

= -20oC

(iii) Temperature values are different when different thermometers are used
because thermometric properties do not remain stop as temperature
change. ,/,

(dxi) Thermodynamic scale is based on properties of ideal gas and has one l

fixed point.
 (ii) Y, m<C2> = 1g
2N is deduced from pV = ly
3v
<C2> and pV = nRT

(iii)
Fn"tgy change can only take prace without temperature change when
there is a change of phase

Question 5

(a) Electric field strength is foqce per unit positive charge.

v -' lt is measured in
Nevrrtons per coulomb (NC'l)
(b) Force on a charged particle F = BqV

(cXi) ln. o.utlining Millikan's experiment the following need to be

mentioned:- (i)
oil drops passed through opening in one of thL plates into an electric field
(ii) oil drops illuminated and viewed through microscope,, (iii) terminal
velocity determination and (iv) holding oil diop at rest using an electric
field.

(ii) Quantisation shown by basic charge = 1,6 x 10-iec and any other charge
being multiple of basic charge.

(dX1) Time for electron to pass between plate

'"
_distance_ 0,020
speed 3,2xL07

= 6,25 x 10-1oS

(2) Electric field z=Ld

80
0,005

= 1,60 x 104Vm-1

(3) ForceF=E{,=1,6x 10-'lex1,6x10a

= 2,56 x 10'15N
(4) Accelerati on = = 2,8lxl0ts m I s2
*= m-

(5) V=a! sinceU=0 :

= 2,81x 1015 x 6,25 x 10-10

= 1,76 x 106mls

(ii) Path of an electron in an electric field is parabolic and the direction of the
force is towards the positive path.

Question 6

(aXi) Laws of refraction are:- ('1i incident ray, refracted ray and the normal, at
the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane, and (2) for two given
media
.. ---"
sin i
is a constant
sin r

(ii) Critical angle is the incident angle which gives a refracted angle of g0o,
note that light wiil be moving from more dense medium to less dense. For
total internal reflection angle of incidence i is greater than the critical angle
c.

(bxi) Use n Sin r = Sin i

1,5
;

4+d=90
.'. Q = 54,7o

l1
(ii) Sinc =-=-
n 1,5
.'.c = 42o
 _t7

.'. i> c = total internal reflection at B

(e) Particles in the same loop are in phase in stationary waves and
neighbouring particles'are out of phase in progressive waves. Amplitude
is different for different particles in stationary waves and amplitude is the
same for progressive w'aves.

(d)(i) For wave length of red light use

dsin 0=nl ,[=1

Ilarctanl(43\l
( 2ool
... ,irlI -ll
300000
| = T.otxto_, m
tt
LI
I

(ii) To check using the second order use n = 2 and calculate a new angle 0,

(e)(i) lnfra red is not visible

(ii) A thermometer can be used to detect the infra red.

Question 7

(aXi) Moon, planet, star, galaxy, universe.

(ii) lt should be noted that the moon is a satellite or a planet, planet is a

satellite of a star, stars make up a galaxy and galaxies form the universe.

(b) Age of the universe = +

Ho= r-l -
17xl}-te

= 5,88 x 1017s
 3Ho2 3xl7 xlo-te
(ii) lo=]-= = 5,17x10-2'kg*-t
Yifi
8trc6,67x10-tl

(c) lt should be noted that the value of Ho is not certain and the universe is
expanding, hence Ho is decreasing.

(d) Microwave radiation supports the ideas of the big bang and it also
indicates the finite age of universe. lt should also be noted that as the
universe expanded, its temperature fell as well as the ternperature of the
background radiation

Question I

(a) Three crystal solicls include face centred cubic, body centred cubic and
hexagon close Packed.

(b) Diagrams of any two of the structures will be required

(cXi) Fatigue involve the use of cycllc force that is sufficient to break a materiai.

(ii) Cyclio stress causes cumulative plastic deforrnation which results in l

dislocation of layers being deforrned. ,

(iii) lt should be noted that bending a material once r"nay not stretch the wire
beyond the etastic limit.

(dxi) Workdone by the periodic force

W = Energy transformed

= l,{CA,0

=60x10-3x 420x12

= 302J
( ii) Steel can be used in crankshafts of cars since steel can accommodate a
wide range of stress amplitudes without breaking.

Question 9

(aXi) lnfinite open loop gain means that any slight difference between the two
input voltage, will cause the output to saturate

(ii) lnfinite slow rate refers to the sudden changes in output without time delay
as a result of changes in input.

( iii) Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that can be amplified with the
same gain.

(bxi) Output voltage is 15v since oparnp saturates to 15v

(ii) Output waveform is as follows:

v/v

(iii) Circuit can be used as a noise cleaner or comparator.

(c) Resistance as Tr is Rrr - RF, 10ft,^,

A
-= 2,5

.'. Rrr = 2'0kO

 As rz Rrz=
+=Xo
= 4,OkO

(ii) A low tone is obtained when the water is cold

Question 10

(a) Pressure is force per unit normal area. Densing is mass per unit volume,
Pressure change is derived from the upthrust.

(bX1) Upthrust =-mg

=6x9,81
= 58,9N-

(ii) Volume of object = trzl

= (0,1572 11,21r

= 0,0848m3

Volume of object underwater U = tgV

q 58'9
,..V= =
lg 1000x9,81
= 0,006m3

0io=oruro
.'. Fraction beneath water =
0,085

= 0,0708
(2) New Volume of object under water

v=
*g-= 6,8
= 6.gxlo-3 m3
Lg 1000

6'8x10{
.'. Fraction wider water -
8,5x10-2

82
. 100 25

(cXi) Drag is a fractionalforce due to viscosity of a fluid

(ii) Size of drag is affected by velocity gradient and viscosity of the medium

Question 1{

(aXi) The cornea refract light most.

(ii) The lens focuses the beam of {ight.

(b) ln explaining accommodation the effect of cilliary muscles on the lens

should be explained.

(cXi) Short sightedness may be caused by a large eyebail such that the
distance between the retina and lens is large. Cilliary museles that do not
relax well can also result in the lens not becoming thin.

(ii) Shortsightedness can be corrected by the use of a diverging lens.

(iii) To calculate f use

;. =
+ ;
u= @,v=-250cm
 111
@250f
.'. f = -250cm

The negative shows that the focal length is virtual.

Question 12

(aXi) Description of a nuclear reactor should include the concrete structure,

moderator and fuel rods, coolant rods and the heat exchanger.

(iix1) The moderator reduces the speed of neutrons.

(2) Control rods controlthe chain reaction by absorbing neutrons.

(3) The coolant removes energy from fuel rods

(b) ln the event of power failure, there is supposed to be a mechanical system

that pushes the control rods into the reactor.

(cXi) ln verifying that P = Yz td.l!v3 use mass of air per secon i = prd2v and
kinetic energy equation.

(ii) A power of Tz tpllv3 cannot be realized by the blades because the air is
not reduced to zero after passing through the blades.

Question 13

(a) Sky waves are emitted by an earth transmitter and they are multiple ,

reflected by both the earth's surface and ionosphere.

(b) ln amplitude modulation the carrier wave amplitude varies in step with
displacement of audio wave and frequency of carrier wave remains a i

constant.
 ln frequency modulation the frequency of the carrier wave vai"ies in step
with displacement of audio wave. Amplitude of carrier wave is constant.
Advantage of FM is that it has a large bandwidth and the output is noise
free.

(cXi) Samp[ing time is the time chosen to convert particular voltage levels to
digital pulse.

( ii) Time/ms 125 250 e.7tr^

450 tr7A
Voltage/v 3 2 ,
!) t) 4
Binary code 11 10 11 11A 100

_ i-ljl n fi

(iii) Regenerated signal can be improved by increasing sarnpiing frequency

since this increases the number of voltage sampled.
 ZI}{BABWB SCHOOL EXAMINATIO i\S C OUNCIL
Gcncrll Certific:rtc of [ducation Aclv:tnced Level

PHYSICS 9188/1
PAI'ER I Multiple. Choice

Tuesday 4NOViIN{BEII,2003 Afi"r'rnocin

Additional nratcrials:
Elecl ronic caiculator ancl,ior lVlathcrrrar ica I tltrlcs
Multiplc Choicc anstlcr shcct
Soft clean eraser
Soft perrcil (Typc 13 or l-lLl rs rccorunreldccl)

TIME I hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDT DA'TES

Do not opcn this booklct trntil 1'ou :trc toltl to tio so..

Write your name, Ccutre lttrnrbcr and carrdiclirtc uurnbcr on thc ans\\'c:' shcet in the spaces provided
unless this has already bcen.donc lbr 1.'ori.

There are forty qucstious in iiiis papcr. Ausrvcr ull clucstitrns. I;ol c?ijl'r':ii.l.:. , .lt therg are tbur
possiblc allswers, A, I], C and D. Clhoosc thc onc 1,ou consicler'corle ;t and recoicl)'our choice in
soft pcncil on the scparate iiirswer slrcct.

Llead verl' curcfulll' the iu.rrr'irctiotts ort tlte irnsrr'rr sltcct.

I NI;ORiVIi{I'l()N IiOl{ C,t }- I)I I).{l'Ii5

Each correct iulslvcr rvill sco:'., r.rnc nralk. A nrark u,iii lt<lt bc clcclr:l,icil I ,)t1g ilnswcr. Any
rough lvorking shor,rld bc clonc in iiris booklct.

This qucstiou p:rltcr consists of l6 printcd pagcs

iop; riglrt: Zintlxrbrvc Sclrool llxattiitirtictts Council. )'Il)i.-i

cztMsEC N:001
I
,D$t :

ol'tight ln lreelspace, c= 3.00 x 108 ms-1

ry
permeability of free sPaco, po=4rx10-7Hm-l

pormittivity of lrse spac€, €o = 8.85 x 10-12 Fm-1

elementary chargts. e 1.6O x l0-1e C

=
the Planck constant, h=6.63x10-3aJs

unifled atomic mass conslant, u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg

rest mass ol electron, fiu = 9.1I x 10-31 kg

fest mass ol proton, fi1, = 1.67 x t0-27 kg

molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-l

the Avogadro constani, Na = 6.02 x 1023 mol-l

the Boltzmann constant, k= 1.38*16-2336-1

gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 1O-11 N m2 kg-2

acceleration of free fall, 9 = 9.81 ms-2

,tElril N200J
Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion,' s = ut+J.atz

f = u2+2as

work done on/by a gas, yt1= pLV

gravitational potential, $=-Gm

r

relractive index, n_ sinC 1

rasistors in sories, R=Rt+Fr+...

resistors in parallel, 1/R=11R,,+1lRr+...
,,-- Q
eloctric potential, ' 4reor
capacitors in series, llC=1lCr+llCr+...
capacilors in parallel, C=Ct+Cr+.,.
energy of charged capacitor, w =*Qv

altemating currenVvoltage, x=&sinart

hydrostatic pressure, P= Pgh

pressure of an ideal gas, p =[ff.c2,

radioactive decay, X = Xoexp(- rtf)

decay constant,
. 0.693
\

3Ho'
critknl&nsity of matter in the Univorse, ., -
l,o gtrG

equation of conlinuity, Ay = constant

Bernoulli equatlon (simplilied), Pt+ lpr? = pz.+ *pvi

Stokes'law, F= Arqv

Reynolds' number, porl=!Y

drag force in turbulent flow; F= Efpvz
 The relationship between four physical quantities x,, P, Q and I is .,.'ei1 6t r_= p i+ ql,
where t is the time in seconds. If q has units of nts ', what arc ij:e unrrs of p?

A ms-r *r -rr14
r' ? ^t
B ,ffif ' g'-ln-'nx-'/.'
C ,ms = (\ r*4s
Dm
2 In an qSperiment, the external dianreter dr and the- internal diarnet,.:: d2 of ametal,tube arel
l
found to be (64 *2)mnr and (47*2)mm respectively. What is tlit cxp""rcd percerltage
enor in (dt - d) from these readings?

A" l%' .t
\r
;
B6%
c .. 12%
D 24%.
3 A ball is thrown vertically upwards. \\4rich of thc lollowing gt'..'.lis s,^':)ws how the
acceleration 'a'varies with time 'r'?

4 Which of the lbllowing has tltc saple uttits as nromcututtl?

A force
ts pressure
C the product olforce and time
D product of lbrcc and velocity
5 :,An:acrobat is:staiionary at the gentre of a'tight rope.
and the horizonuil is as shown below.

'If the acrobat has e,Wight W, what is the tension in the rope?

A
w
7

B
w
2sin0

w
c
2cos0

DW sinS

d A truck with only the driver in it, moving with a velocity u, can be stopped by
applying brakes in a distance s. When the truck was loaded its total mass
increased by 30%. The driver applied the sanre braking force to strip the
truck rvhile it was rnoving witlr the velocity rr. What was the 1sr,,' br*l.ing
distance?

A 0.3s
B 0.7s
c l.0s
D l.3s

9t8E/l N2003
 A body experiences free fall from rest. It has a velocity v when it has lost t.he amount of
gravitational potential energy !r. What is the mass of the body?

n
2En

Bt 2Eo
t-

C rlT
W
Yt/

n?
A body of mass rz moves at constarit angular speed aina horizor,rri circle of radius r.
What is the work done on the.body in one revolution?

A zero
n22
B l.Iortr a
C ,nr2 c,]
111
D -mr'01'
2

9 A body is moved li'onr point P on the Earth's surface to onoths; ;roiri, Q further away from
the Earth's centre. Which statetnent about the gravitational potential at tlie two points is
correct?

A It is positive at both points and greater at Q than at l'.

B It is positive at both points and less at Q than at P.
C It is negative at both points and greater at Q than at I'>.
D It is negative at both points and less at Q than at P.

l0 A body in sinrple harmonic rnotion nrakes n complete oscillations per second. What is thc
angular ticqucncy of this motion?

A rl rad s-l

B1 n
racl s-r

c2n
,il
rad s-l

D Znn rad s-r

11 In:which instance,are the waves plane polarised?

A infrared radiation from a hot electric iron

B compression waves caused by an earthquake
C elecironragnetic waves from a dipolc aerial
D ultrasonic waYes from a dipole aefial

emitting sound of wavelength

12 The diagram below shows two identical loudspeakers
miilpoint of the two loudspeakers'
0.2g m when connected to a signal generator. M is the

{n

0.5 m A

---*i I

A student moving along line AB hears 5 loud'sound dt A-which gradually reduces until
virtually nothing is heard at B. What is the distance between A and B?

A 0.25m
B 0.5Orn
C l.68nr
D 3.36m

r)rtts/l Nl00l
r- --- -

13 :,A raybf light is lncident on a glass-air boundary for which the criticar angle is ci' Which
dragram is correct?

A B C

t4 ^^conductor of length f and uniform cross'sectional area a is macie of rnaterial of resistivi$

p. What is its resiiance per unit length?

p
A
a

a
B
p

C p-t
a

DO
pt

15 A generator produces I 00kW of powcr at a potential dift'erence o1' l0kV. The power is
qables?
traismittecl t-hrough cables of total resistancq 5Q. What is the ptii'.'.:r loss in the

A 0.0sw
ll 50w
C 500w
Df 2 x 1o7W
t6 The diagram shows a network of resistors each of resistance R;

Y
What is the effectivp resistance between the points X and Y?

A .R
a

B 'R
1

C -R
5

DR
t7 In the following circuit, E is a cell of e.m.f 12V and internal resistairce lQ.
,, I .. : .

,i\

3Q(-\ I2V, I Q

.s

If the an'uneter A is ol'ncgligiblc rcsistance, rvhat will it read rvircn switch S'is closed?

A 2.4L
B 4.0A
C 4.8A
D r0.0A

9tEE/r N2001
il8 ,trhe top plate qf,aiparallel plate capacitor is at l0V and the bottom one is at - 5V as shpwh
.:in,the diagram:

lflr,
IUY.__
I

5mm
I

If the distance betwecn -t5c platcs is 5nrrn, what is the magnilude of tlie electric field strength
between the plates?

A 7.5 x 10-2 vm-

r

ilC ;:o
1.0
; io'v*r'
x l0lVnr-r
D 3.0 x l03Vnr I

t9 Two capacitors Cr ancl Cr of rnagnirudes l0 prF and 20 pg i"rp."rively are connected in

series across a -ikV dc suptrrll' as sltorvtt.
3kv

l0,u F' 2A pF
What are the charges on Cr ancl Cr?

Cr 'Ct

A lOmC 40mC
B 20mC 20rttC
C 3OnrCl (r0rn(l
D 90rnC 90nrC

r-rnitorm ltorizontal
A vcrtical straiglt contlucrr:r X of lcngth 0.5nr is siterated in a "raeneiic
what angle must X be!
field of strength 0.lT ancl is carryipg a current of 4.0A. Through
turnecl in a vertical plane so that ttle lbrcc on X is halved?

A 300
'45:
,,p '60'
C
D g00
 17-

21" An aircraft of wingspan40m flies horizontally at a speed of 300nrs*r in an area whgre

-s
the vertical compJnent olthe Earth's rnagnetic fieldls 5.0 x l0 T.
''vlrit is thCie:m;f,
generated between the aircratl's wingtips?

A O.6V
B 0.3V l

C 2.4 x 10-22 V
DO l

A bar magnet is dropped vertically downu,ards through a long solenaid which is connecteo
to an oscilloscope. Which oscilloscope trace shows how E, tlte c.nr.f ir:iluced on the coil
varies with thc tirne I as the nlagnet moves dorvnrvards?

23 An altemating current of r.nr.s value 24. llow'ing througlt a giveir lesistor R dissipatcs heat at
the same rate as a steacly direct current I florving through an identical resistor. What is thei
current I?

AIA
B lit
C2A
D z^!ie,
24 In an ideal transtbrrncr, s,hat is thc nrost importaut function ot'iltc soli ir,tn core?

A to increirsc thc tlu.x Iinkage bct\vecn thc prinrary artcl the secocdary coils
B to dissipate the hcat gcttcratecl by the two coils
C to clirninatc thc back c.nr.t. produced in the secondary coil
D to proclucc a unilirrnr r:aclial lield in thc trvo coils

Which changes take placc tvhcn thc l*,cl o{'ncgativc fecclback irr atr artrltlificr in closed-
loop nrode is increatscd'?

A gain ancl banclwirlth arc irtcrcasccl

B gain and bandrvidth arc: rctluccd
C gain is increased but barrchvidth is reduced
D gain is reduccd but baridrvidtli is incrcascd

9rs8il N:001
 . i..:.
,26 ifhe,diagram hilow shows a logic circuit.

Which of the following gates has the same logic function as this circuit?

AOR
B NOR
c Ex-oR
D EX -NOR

Z7 A long wire carrying a load at the bottom is hung from a ceiling. I-low does the stress in the
wire vary with distance from the top to bottom?

distance distance' distance o distance

7

28 The following is a graph of.extension versus force for a sample of anester wire used for
halting fighter planes landing on a ship.

extenslon

O lorsc

The graph rvas obtained whcn the wire ivas steaclily lolcled and thet, unloacled. Wltich area
represents the energy recovcred during unloading?

Ba
CR
D Q+ R.
29 The tenrperature of a hot girs \yas incrcasc<J.by 50"C h'otu arn irritial tclllpci'ature of 100"C.
,-What is the tenrperature changc irl kclvin?

A50
B 323

D 423

30 'fhe densify of argon at a presslrrc ol'1.00 x I05 I'a artcl at a tetnpcrairirc oi'300 K is
1.60 kgm-1. What is thr. root lllcan squarc spccd ol'argou trrolccttles at this tctttpcrature?

A 216 nrs-r
B 250 nrs-l
C 306 nrs'-l
D 433 ms-l

31 Fivc gas tnolcculcs havc tltc spccds slttttvn bclotl'.

What is thcir root nlcan squarc spccd'?

A 2.2 x l0l nrs-l

B .2.5 x l0l nrs I

C 5.0 x l0-t nrs-l

D . 5'7 x loj ms-l ,,n,,,,r N2oo.i
32. ,Ihe average kinbtic eilergy of the moleculcs of an ideal gas in a closed and rigi! container is
in.rrur.A 6y a factor of aI- By what factor does the pressure of the gas increase? i'l .

A2
B4
C .:.,, I
D16
33 The diagram below shows an ideal fluid flowing unden streamline conditions in a horizont4l
: tube..
- : l

--{t

--+,
Which statement'about the tluid in the tube is correct?

A The density of the fluid is greater at the nanower end than at the wider
end. , ,. '

il E;;.gy tiionserved becaise work done due to the pressure difference is equal to
the kinetic energy gained. '
fluid towards the.
C. fn.igy is not cJnserred because the pressure in the decreases ,

narrower end.
D Kinetic energy is greater at the wider end than at the narrower end'
I

by AU and the:ry5i
34 When heat, AQ is transferred to a system, its internal energy increases
of thermodynamics
does external work AW. Which olthe tbllowing expresses the t-rrst law
as applied to a gas?

A AU -,AQ + AW
B AU:AQ-AW
C AU=AW-AQ
D AU:=-AW_AQ
,

gtrut N200J
i
I

The diagr.am.phows an acrofoil in flight.

r
direction of

air flow

Which statement is correct?

A Air moves faster at X.

B Air nroves faster at Y.
C Air moves.at same sPeed at X and Y'
D Air moves aerofoil downwards.

An electron is 4cgelerated by a p.d.V. How much kinetic energy does it acquire?

AeV
v.:
B 2c

c{ 2

DE
v

9t88/l N1003
37 Two beams of light P and Q of the same wavelength fall upon the same metal surface' ,

causing photoeffssion ofelectrons. The photoele-ctric ,rrr.nt produced by P is four iimep

that produced by p.

wave amolitude of bcam P,

What ts ----=f
wave hmplitude of beam Q

AL 2

B2
C4 :

D 16

:' ,
38 Evidence for the exiitence and small size of the nucleus is pror.'ided by experiments
in.which c- parti'cles are directcd towards a gold tilm. Why are ct- particles more preferred
than B - particles?

A cr.-particles have higher ionising power than p - particles.

B p - particles wilt be repelled by the electrons of the targ.t atouls.
C ct- particles travcl at higher speeds than p - particles.
D cl- particles are less penetrating than B - particles.

39 A radioactiv.e isotope 'f!U accays to llU by ernissions ol'pariicles.

What particles are entittcd'?
.. l

A two alpha and one bcta

B one alpha artd two betas
C one alPha and three betas
D two alPha and t"vo betas

40 An alpha particlc of kinctic encrg), 5.4 MeV is r ;leascd t}otn a r,:dio active material. It'the
, activiiy oithc ruaterial is 3.5 x 10:' Bq, rvhat is thu m1;: oi'enei';r-" i'.-:':lS€d by the source?

A 6.0 x l0 -2rJs -r
B 4.3 x l0 "r?Js'-l
C 3.0 x l0 -eJs -r
D 4.3 x 10 -eJs -r
MARKING SCHEME - NOVEMBER 2OO3

1. D 21. A
2. D 22. C
.7
D 23.
4. C 24. A
E B 25. D

6. rD 26. C

7. D 27. A
6- A 28.
9" 29" A
10. D 30. D

11. c 31. D

12" D 32.. B

13. A 33. B

14. A 34. B

15. C 35. A
16. C 36. A
17. A 37. D

18. D 38.
19. B 39. B

20. C 40. D
Candidate Name

ZIMBABWB SCHOOL EXAMTNATIONS COUNCIL

General Certilicate of Educrtidn Advanced Level

PHYSICS 9188t2
PAPER 2

Tuesday 4 NOVEMBER 1003 Aftemoon I hour 30 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper.
Additional materials:
Electronic calcu lator and/or Mathematical tables
Protractor
Ruler (300 rnm)

TIME t hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO C.{NDEOATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top ofthis page.
Answer all questions.
Write yow answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. FOR EXAMINER'S USE
For numerical answers, all working should be shown.

INTORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each

question or part question.

This question paper consists oI13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, N2003.

@ZIMSEC N2OO3
 --

Drtr
spoed of llght h frs€ ipace, C = 3.00 x 1Ot mS-1
psmeability of free spaco,
lh= 4n x 10*t Hm-l
permittivity of fres space,
fr = 8.85 x !o-tl Fm*l
oiementary charge, ,B
= 1.60 x lO-10 C
the Planck constant, tr=6.03x10-3'Js
unitied atomic mass constent, u = 1,S6 x 10*P7 kg

rcst mass of electron, fie=9.1!xf0-s! kg

r6st mass of proton, fib = t.57 x 'lg-zz t<S

molar gag constanl ff * 8,31 JK*! mot"l

the Avogadro constant, ffi = 6.02 x 1023 mol*t
the Boltzrnann constant, k= 1.38 x 10-?3JK-l

gravitaiional constant, G = 6.67 x lO-11 N nnz kg-s

aocEleration of free fatl, 9=9.8I ms-?

9188/2 }.i20{i3
7

furmulm

unthrmly acoolorstod motion, s - uf+*at?

f - u2+2as
worlr done on&I a gas, 11y = pLV
t
t gravilatlonal potential, o--fu.
,f
u
I

re{ractive index, "n= --I

sinC
resistors in series, R=Rt+R2+.,.

resistors in Parallel, 1lR = 1lR, + llRr+ ,

electric potential, v= 3-
- 4teor
capacitors in series, 116 = 1lC1 + llQr+ .

capacitore in Parallel, C=Ct+Cr+...

y,1=
entrrgy or cnarged *Pac!i+r, leV
alternati ng cu rrsr.#v*ltaile, x = \sin (,l

hydro$tatic Pressure, P=P$h

pressure of an ideal gas, P=*ff.*,

radioactive decaY, x = &exp(-tf)

, 0.6si3
t_T
decay constant,

sH*
oiticaldansity of matier in the Universe, Fo=6ffi

aquation of continuitY, Av = constant

Bernoulli equation (sirnplified)' h+ *pn?= p2+ tpu$

Stckas'law, f * Arqv
Fleynolds' number,
^"= ff
F = BPpvz
drag force in turbulent flow'

9tt{t.i2 N200}
 (a) (D Explain'what is meant by terminal veloctty. For
Examincr's
Use

I t21

(ii) State the condition under which an object travols with terminal
velocity.

tu
(b) Fig. t.l shows the rnotion of an object projected vertically upwards from
the ground.

velocity (m/s)

time (s)

Fig. l.l
(i) Deduee from the graph the time at which the object reached
ntaximrur height.

time = n]

elSrn N2003
 For
(ii) Shade on Flg. l.l
the area equal to the maximurn height aod Examiner
Use
determine its value.

height = t3l
A boy holding a brick of mass lkg above the ground for 6 hours
feels tired but does not do work. Expiain why.

tl l
(b) (r) Define moment af aforce.

p}
(ii) Fig. 2.1 shows a spumer used to undo a nut.

Effort:25 N

Fig.2.1

9 I EEA N2OOJ
 For
Calculate the moment about O of the force indicated. Exeminer's
Use

moment = t3l
3 (a) For an observable interference pattern, sourses must be coherent.
State three properties ofcoherent sources.

'l

t3]
(b) (D Estimate rhe wavelength of blue light,

wavelength = lr]
(ii) The blue light in (i) is incidenr nomlally on a diffraction grating
having 4 x l0' linesicm. Calculate the angular deviation (0) of
the first order line.

$= t3l

9t8En N2001
r
4 (a) Explain the terms period, ditplocemenr andphase
dffirenceas applied
to simple harmonic motion. For
Exarniner,s
Use
I period

2" displacement

3 phase difference

t3I
(b) The equation defining the tension in a spring is

T= &x,

where f is a spring constant and r is the extension.

State the units of ,t.

units of ,t trl

(e) A spring of natural length 250 mm is hung vertically ftom a fixed point.
A 0.20 kg mass is hung from its lower end and the length of the spring
becomes 310 mm. Calculate

(i) rhe spring constant,

spring constant = {21

(ir} the angular frequency of oscillation of the $ystem when the mass
is pulled by a small amount and relead if its period is 0.50 s,

angular frequency =. t2l

,l8s/:t Nl00]
(e) Flg 5.1 dpws resistors A, B and C of equal resistancc in a circuit. For
Examiner's
Usc

The battery E of negligible internal resistance supplies a total power

of l2 W. Calculate the porver dissipated in the resistor C.

power: t3l
(b)
- A sturlent is givea a nuurber of 2pF capacitors, each with a maximum
For
f,xamfuerts
Use
working potential difference of 10 V.

If a voltage strpply of 20 V was to.be med, dmw diagrams to show how

the capacito$ ean h connected in order to give,

(i} I prF capacitance,

' t21

(ii) 21fi capacitance.

tzt

9ttt 2 N2003
 For
6 (a) State the idei gps quation for I mole of gas. Define all terms uf€d. Examinerts
Use

12I

(b) The pressure of air in a bicycle tyre is increased slightly by

purnping air into it. The number of moles of air in the fre inueases
by 2a/o, the temperature by lo/a, atdthe internal volume by A.Za/a.

Calculate the percentage increase in the pressue of the air in the tyre.

percentage increase = t3l

7 (a) Define the term spectfiq latent heat offusion,

ty

u
(b) Given that the specitic latent heat oI'fusion (/d of ice is
3,34 x l0) Jkg'r and the specific latent heat of vapcrrisation (/r) of water
is2.26 x 106Jkg'r. Explain why /.. is larger thau ir.

t2],
r

'8 (r) Define atransdtrcer. Giveoneexample.

rt)t'
ransducer I'.r:rntirre t"r
Irc

example

t21

I
2
t2],
(c) with the aid of a diagram briefly describe the operation of a voltage
follower.

t3l
 for
Ermlner'g
Use
9 (r) Distingnish benm lon nffandttrfuntflwt.

t2l

(b) Show tlut the expression lptr

2'
ft* base units of pressure where p is
density and v i. uelo"ity.

t2l

10 (a) What is mmnt by mass defecfl

tu
(b) A stationary Radon nucleus may decay spontaneously into a Polonium
nucleus and an a -particle as shown below.
:

ffnn -.!lE Pc +! He
,-:

The rest masses of these nuclei are:

222Rn'
2zz.afi6v

"'Po;218.0090u
aHe;4.0026u

It may be assumed that no 1-ray is emitted. *.

(D Calculate the total kinetic energy of the de*y products"

kinetic energy = t2l

 For
(ii) Explaiu how the principle of conscrvation of momenfiun applies Enndner's
- to the dccay.
Use

tu
(iii) Calculate the speed of the alpha particle.

speed = tzt

&

9tEta N2003
918812 November 20/0,3 ilarking Scheme

1. a (i) Constant velocity of a body falling in the presence of some opposing

force. (2) .

(ii) No resultant force. (1)

b (i) 35 (1)

(ii) Shaded area to be the triangle from 0 s to 3 s.

(1)

Height = Area under shaded triangle (1)

lx10x3
2

l5m (1)

2. a. Work is forbe x distance moved in direciion of force'

There is no distance moved by force. (1)

b. (i) Producf of force ard perpendiq.rlar distance from pivot of line of

' (2)
adion of force.

(ii) IMoment = Fdcos 0

= 25 x 0.145 x cos 30o

= 3.14Nm (3)

3.a (i) same fiequency (1)

(ii) constant phase difference (1)

(iii) same amplitude. (1)

b. (i) 40onm - 550nm ' (1)

^
(ia) d -L,
smA
n=l