PSYCH 1-YB-5

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

GIO: To study the generalities regarding the study of human anatomy and physiology

SIO:
1. Differentiate human anatomy from human physiology
Human Physiology is the study of how various body functions are carried out, while Human
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body and how its components are
arranged.
2. Describe the main divisions of human anatomy
There are two main divisions of human anatomy: macroscopic or gross anatomy and
microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be
seen by the naked eye. Microscopic anatomy relies on the use of microscope because it is the
study of tiny anatomical structures of the body such as tissues, cells, and molecules.
3. Describe the main divisions of human physiology
A. Cell Physiology - the study of the functions of living cells B. Special Physiology- the study of
the functions of specific organs C. Systematic Physiology- includes all aspects of the functions
of specific organ systems D. Pathologic Physiology - the study of the effects of diseases on
organ or system functions
4. Explain the term homeostasis and the process of homeostasis regulation

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5. Discuss the different levels of structural organization of the human body

6. Describe a person in anatomical position

7. Describe the following imaginary planes:

a. Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections. It is also called a lateral plane.
b. Midsagittal plane
Midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane through the middle or midline of the body.
 c. Coronal plane
Coronal plane is also called frontal plane. It divides the body into front and back portions.
d. Horizontal plane
Horizontal plane or Axial plane divides the body into upper and lower portions.

8. Discuss the following anatomical terms used for the different parts of the body to describe
their relations with one another.

a. Anterior and posterior

Anterior is the front side of the body while the posterior is the back side of the body.
b. Superior and inferior
Superior is toward the head and inferior is toward the tail.
c. Medial and lateral
Medial is toward the midline of the body and lateral is toward the side of the body.
d. Superficial and deep
Superficial means on the surface and deep means away from the surface.
e. Proximal and distal
Proximal is closer to the origin while distal is farther from the origin.
f. Ipsilateral and contralateral
Ipsilateral means on the same side of the body while contralateral means on the opposite sides
of the body.