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व्याकरण बुक
व्याकरण बुक
व्याकरण बुक
iz H kkr
ekud
O;kdj.k
O;ogkj
Hkkx &2
d{kk lkroh fy,
vH;kl dk;Z & 1
Hkk"kk] fyfi vkSj O;kdj.k
1 - ifjHkk"kk fyf[k, %
¼d½ Hkk"kk & .................................................................................
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¼[k½ ekud Hkk"kk & .................................................................................
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¼x½ fyfi & .................................................................................
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¼?k½ O;kdj.k & .................................................................................
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2- varj Li"V dhft, %
¼d½ ekS f [kd vkSj fyf[kr Hkk"kk
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¼[k½ Hkk"kk vkSj cksyh
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¼x½ in~; vkSj xn~;
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3- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %
¼d½ Hkk"kk 'kCn laL—r ............../kkrq ls cuk gSA
¼[k½ lafo/kku vuqPNsn 343¼1½ vuqlkj la?k dh jktHkk"kk .............. gSA
¼x½ fganh dks jktHkk"kk dh ekU;rk .............. dks izkIr gqbZA
¼?k½ tc fdlh cksyh esa lkfgR; jpuk gksuh izkjaHk gks tkrh gS] rks og .............. cu tkrh gSA
¼³½ fganh dh fyfi dk uke .............. gSA
4- mfpr feyku dhft, % ^d* ^[k*
lwjlkxj vo/kh
jkepfjrekul czt
mnwZ jkseu
vaxzsÊkh ¤kjlh
5- uhps fy[ks okD;ksa lkeus lgh ¼½vFkok xyr ¼‰½dk fu'kku yxkb, %
¼d½ Hkkjr esa 22 Hkk"kkvksa dks lafo/kku n~okjk ekU;rk izkIr gSA
¼[k½ iatkch dh fyfi nsoukxjh gSA
¼x½ fganh dk fo'o esa igyk LFkku gSA
¼?k½ lkfgR; dh nks fo/kk,° gSaA
vH;kl dk;Z 2
vH;kl dk;Z & 2
o.kZ&fopkj] o.kZ&la;ksx
yf[k, %
1- fuEu fyf[kr iz'uksa mRrj ffyf[k,
¼d½ o.kZ fdls dgrs gSa \
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¼[k½ v;ksxokg fdls dgrs gSa \
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¼x½ n~foRo O;atu pkj :i fyf[k,A
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¼?k½ vkxr /ofu;k° D;k gSa\
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2- varj Li"V dhft, %
¼d½ Loj vkSj O;atu
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¼[k½ vuqukfld vkSj fujuqukfld
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¼x½ la;qDr vkSj n~foRo O;atu
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3- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnkas dh enn ls dhft, %
¼d½ mPpkj.k vk/kkj ij o.kksZa ............. Hksn gSaA ¼nks@rhu½
¼[k½ ftu Lojksa mPpkj.k esa âLo Loj mPpkj.k ls frxquk le; yxrk gS] os ............. Loj
dgykrs gSaA ¼nh?kZ@Iyqr½
¼x½ ^da/kk* 'kCn esa ............. dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ¼vuqLokj@vuqukfld½
¼?k½ 'k] "k] l] g ............. O;atu gSaA ¼Å"e@Li'kZ½
¼³½ Hkk"kk o.kksaZ vFkok v{kjksa cksyus dh izfØ;k dks ............. dgrs gSaA ¼ys[ku@mPpkj.k½
vH;kl dk;Z 14
vH;kl dk;Z & 11
fØ;k
1- uhps fn, okD;ksa esa fØ;k 'kCn 'kCnksksa dks js[kkafdr dh ft, rFkk crkb, fd os ldeZd gSa ;k vdeZd %
dhft,
¼d½ og ikl j[kh ,d dq lhZ ij cSB x;kA .................................
¼[k½ ek/konkl us u;h dksBh cuokbZ gSA .................................
¼x½ rqe vHkh ek° ikl tkvksA .................................
¼?k½ esjs nksuksa cM+s HkkbZ gkWdh [ksyrs FksA .................................
¼³½ eSa i<+us esa ,dne fQlM~Mh FkkA .................................
¼p½ mlus eq>s viuh iqjkuh fLVd ns nhA .................................
2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa izsj.kkFkZd fØ;kvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, okD;ksa dks nksckjk fyf[k, %
¼d½ eksgu ikuh ihrk gSA ....................................................
¼[k½ ek° diM+s /kksrh gSA ....................................................
¼x½ og i= fy[krk gSA ....................................................
¼?k½ ekyh ?kkl dkVrk gSA ....................................................
¼³½ fdlku [ksr tksrrk gSA ....................................................
3- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa dks iwoZdkfyd fØ;kvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, tksM+dj ,d&,d okD; esa cnfy, %
¼d½ eksgu us [kkuk [kk;kA og lks x;kA ....................................................
¼[k½ jes'k Vh-oh- ns[krk gSA og lks tkrk gSA ....................................................
¼x½ firkth us vkjke fd;kA os n¶rj x,A ....................................................
¼?k½ geus lekpkj lqusA geus Vh-oh- can dj fn;kA ....................................................
¼³½ usgk ckÊkkj xbZA mlus lc fy, migkj [kjhnsA ....................................................
4- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dh fØ;kvksa lkFk iz;ksx esa v'kqn~f/k;k° gks xbZ gSaA bu okD;ksa dh v'kqn~f/k;k°
nwj dj iqu% fyf[k, %
¼d½ og ikB i<+ dj lks x;kA ....................................................
¼[k½ ge ikB ;kn dj fy;k gSaA ....................................................
¼x½ eSa vkidk /kU;okn djrk gw°A ....................................................
¼?k½ nsf[k,] 'kksj er djksA ....................................................
5- dks"Bd esa fn, x, fØ;k 'kCnksa lgh :i ls fjDr LFkku Hkfj, %
¼d½ cPpkas] /;kuiwoZd vius v/;kid th dh ckr ..............A ¼lquuk½
¼[k½ tc rd eSa ?kj igq°prk] firkth eqacbZ ......................A ¼tkuk½
¼x½ cPps [kkuk .............. ckgj ..............A ¼[kkuk] tkuk½
¼?k½ yxrk gS vkt jkr dks vo'; o"kkZ .............. A ¼gksuk½
¼³½ eSaus vius lHkh ikB vPNh rjg ls .............. A ¼;kn djuk½
15 izHkkr ekud O;kdj.k O;ogkj Hkkx &1
vH;kl dk;Z & 12
dky] okP;
1- dks"Bdksa esa fn, x, funsZ'kksa vuqlkj fØ;kvksa dky ifjorZu dj okD;ksa dks nksckjk fyf[k, %
¼d½ D;k eSa dq N xyr dj jgk gw° \ ¼Hkwrdky esa cnfy,½
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¼[k½ tYnh gh ge fpnacje igq°psA ¼Hkfo";r~ dky esa cnfy,½
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¼x½ fnO;k us 'ka[k vkSj lhih dh cuh phtsa [kjhnhaA ¼orZeku dky esa cnfy,½
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¼?k½ os cgqeq[kh izfrHkk /kuh O;fDr FksA ¼orZeku dky esa cnfy,½
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¼³½ ifr&iRuh nksuksa tYnh ls rS;kj gksdj LVs'ku x,A ¼orZeku dky esa cnfy,½
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2- js[kkafdr fØ;kinksa dky crkb, %
¼d½ jkr gks tk,xh rks jkg ugha lw>sxhA ...............................................
¼[k½ ml jkst rks cgqr Mk°V jgh FkhA ...............................................
¼x½ D;k Hkfo"; esa d{kk esa /;ku ls i<+sxk\ ...............................................
¼?k½ eSa rq>s lksus ls e<+dj rsjs ewY; dks pedk nw°xkA ...............................................
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk okP; fyf[k, %
¼d½ ekrk th jlksbZ eas [kkuk cuk jgh gSaA ...............................................
¼[k½ nnZ ekjs mlls cksyk ugha tkrkA ...............................................
¼x½ eksgu ls xhr xk;k x;kA ...............................................
¼?k½ bruh xehZ esa ;gk° lks;k ugha tk,xkA ...............................................
4- funsZ'kkuqlkj cnfy, %
¼d½ yM+fd;k° gkWdh [ksy jgh gSaA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
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¼[k½ jke us jko.k dks ekjkA ¼deZokP; esa cnfy,½
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¼x½ i{kh ugha mM+rk gSA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
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¼?k½ eSa cSB ugha ldrkA ¼HkkookP; esa cnfy,½
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¼³½ eq>ls eSnku esa [ksyk tk jgk gSA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
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¼p½ eksgu n~okjk irax mM+kbZ tk jgh gSA ¼dr`ZokP; esa cnfy,½
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vH;kl dk;Z 16
vH;kl dk;Z & 13
vO;;
1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k inksa dks js[kkafdr dhft, rFkk mu Hksn dk uke fyf[k, %
¼d½ usgk de [kkrh gSA ...................
¼[k½ eSa lko/kkuhiwoZd py jgk gw°A ...................
¼x½ vanj tkdj cSB tkvksA ...................
¼?k½ Lusgk dy chekj FkhA ...................
2- fØ;kfo'ks"k.k rFkk laca/kcks/kd Nk°fV, %
¼d½ eSa ?kj vanj tk jgk gw°A ¼laca/kcks/kd½
¼[k½ eSa vanj tk jgk gw°A ¼fØ;kfo'ks"k.k½
¼x½ eafnj vkl&ikl 'kkafr gSA ¼laca/kcks/kd½
¼?k½ ikl esa eafnj gSA ¼fØ;kfo'ks"k.k½
¼³½ cPpk tkuoj dks /;kuiwoZd ns[k jgk gSA ¼fØ;kfo'ks"k.k½
¼p½ vius ihNs ns[kksA ¼fØ;kfo'ks"k.k½
3- lgh leqPp;cks/kd yxkdj fjDr LFkku Hkfj, %
¼d½ mls iqLrdsa [kjhnuh Fkha ................... ckÊkkj x;k gSA
¼[k½ og fxj iM+k ...................jkLrs esa xM~<k FkkA
¼x½ ifjJe djks ................... ijh{kk esa izFke vk ldksA
¼?k½ i<+kbZ ij /;ku nks ................... isQy gks tkvksxsA
¼³½ og ifjJeh gS ................. cqn~f/keku ughaA
4- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa foLe;kfncks/kd 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft, rFkk crkb, fd muls eu fdu
Hkkoksa dk irk pyrk gS%
¼d½ okg! rqeus iz'kaluh; dk;Z fd;k gSA ................................
¼[k½ vjs! rqeus rks vlaHko dks Hkh laHko dj fn;kA ................................
¼x½ gk; jke! cspkjk yqV x;kA ................................
¼?k½ lko/kku! lkeus ls eksVj vk jgh gSA ................................
¼³½ fN%! fN% fdruh cncw vk jgh gSA ................................
5- fuEufyf[kr vO;;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,A
¼d½ gk; .........................................................................................
¼[k½ rkfd .........................................................................................
¼x½ ¯drq .........................................................................................
¼?k½ vPNk .........................................................................................
¼³½ vU;Fkk .........................................................................................
vH;kl dk;Z 20
vH;kl dk;Z & 16
eq g kojk
vH;kl dk;Z 22
vH;kl dk;Z & 18
vifBr xn~;ka'k @ dkO;ka'k
1- ifjJe ,slh lk/kuk gS ftlds n~okjk euq"; egku ls egku dk;Z dj ldrk gSA ifjJeh equ"; lalkj
eas D;k ugha dj ldrk\ og ioZr dh pksfV;ksa ij p<+ ldrk gS] nq#g ls nq#g jsfxLrkuksa dk ikj dj
ldrk gS] dfBukb;ksa dks >sy ldrk gS vkSj dfBu ls dfBu ifjfLFkfr;kas eas la?k"kZ djds mUgsa vius
thou ds vuq:i cuk ldrk gSA ftl O;fDr eas ifjJe djus dk xq.k gS] ftleas iq#"kkFkZ dh izo`fRr gS]
og vius thou eas dnkfi nq[k vkSj fujk'kk ds >a>korksa ls Hk;Hkhr ugha gksrk A
mi;qDr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dk mRrj nhft,%
¼d½ ifjJe dks fdl izdkj dh lk/kuk ekuk x;k gS\
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¼[k½ ifjJeh euq"; D;k dj ldrk gS\
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¼x½ iq#"kkFkZ dh izo`fRr okyk euq"; D;k dj ldrk gS\
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¼?k½ mi;qZDr vorj.k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A
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2- ukjh uj dh 'kfDr gSA og ekrk] cgu] iRuh] iq=h vkfn :iksa eas drZO; dh Hkkouk txkrh gSA og
eerke;h gSA og iq"i ds leku dksey gSa pksV [kkdj og vR;kpkj dks Hkh lgu dj ysrh gS vr% otz
ls Hkh dBksj gksrh gSA rc og u ekrk jgrh gS] u fiz;kA mldk ,d gh :i gksrk gS vkSj og nqxkZ dkA
okLro eas ukjh l`f"V dk gh :i gS] ftleas lHkh 'kfDr;k° lekfgr gSA
mi;qDr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dk mRrj nhft,%
¼d½ ukjh fofo/k :iksa esa drZO; dh Hkkouk dSls txkrh gS\
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¼[k½ vR;kpkj dk lgu djrs le; og dkSu&lk :i /kkj.k dj ysrh gS\
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¼x½ ukjh eas lHkh 'kfDr;k° lekfgr D;kas gksrh gS\
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¼?k½ ukjh uj ds fy, D;k gS\
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¼³½ mi;qZDr vorj.k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,\
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3- lkxj ds mj ij ukp ukp
djrh gSa ygjsa e/kqj xku
txrh ds eu dks lhap&lhap
fut Nfo ds jl ls lhap&lhap
23 izHkkr ekud O;kdj.k O;ogkj Hkkx &1
ty dU;k,° Hkksyh vtku
lkxj ds mj ij ukp &ukp djrh gSa ygjsa e/kqj xku A
izkr% lehj ls gks v/khj
Nwdj iy &iy mYyflr rhj
dqlqekofy & lh iqyfdr egku
lkxj ds mj ij ukp &ukp djrh gSa ygjsa e/kqj xku A
mi;qZDr dkO;a'k dks i<+dj uhps iz'uksa ds mRrj nhft, %
¼d½ ygjs dgk° ukp jgha gSa\
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¼[k½ dfo us ygjksa ds fy, fdu&fdu fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS\
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¼x½ ygjsa dc v/khj gks tkrh gSa\
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¼?k½ ^dqlqekofy&lh iqyfdr egku* iafDr esa vyadkj gS\
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4- tx esa lpj vpj ftrus gSa lkjs deZ fujr gSa] /kqu gS ,d u ,d lHkh dks lcds fuf'pr o`r gSaA
thou Hkj vkri lg olq/kk ij Nk;k djrk gS] rqPN i= dh Hkh LodeZ esa dSlh rRijrk gSA ftl ij fxj
dj mnj njh ls rqeus tUe fy;k gS] ftldk [kkdj vUu lq/kke; uhj lehu fi;k gSA ogh Lusg dh ewfrZ
n;kHkh; ekrk&rqY; egh gSA mlds izfr drZO; rqEgkjk D;k dksbZ 'ks"k ugha gS\
mi;qZDr dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa ds mRrj nhft, %
¼d½ bl txr ds pj vkSj vpj inkFkks± rFkk phtksa dh fo'ks"krk gS\
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¼[k½ ^rqPN i=* viuk dkSu&lk drZO; fuHkkrk gS\
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¼x½ ekr`Hkwfe dk ge ij D;k =n.k gS\
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¼?k½ mi;qZDr iafDr;ksa n~okjk dfo D;k lans'k ns jgk gS\
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vH;kl dk;Z 24
ladfyr ewY;kadu & 1 (SA-1)
fu/kkZfjr le; % 3 ?kaVk iw.kk±d % 45
vH;kl dk;Z 28
¼x½ cM+s lqjhys ckyksa ls fdldh vksj la r fd;k x;k gS \
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¼?k½ ^lt tkuk jtuh dh xkr* ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS \
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3- varj Li"V dhft, %
¼d½ ekSf[kd vkSj fyf[kr Hkk"kk
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¼[k½ nh?kZ laf/k vkSj xq.k laf/k
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4- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %
¼d½ tc dksbZ lkfgR;dkj viuh ckr dfork :i esa dgrk gS rks mldh jpuk ....... dgykrh gSA
¼[k½ fganh Hkk"kk dh fyfi ................ gSA
¼x½ Hkk"kk fu;eksa laxzg dks ................ dgrs gSaA
¼?k½ f'kf{kr yksxksa n~okjk viuk;k x;k O;kdj.k lEer Hkk"kk dk :i ................ dgykrk gSA
5- funsZ'k vuqlkj mRrj nsa %
¼d½ Hkkookpd laKk fyf[k, %
(i) cPpk & ................ (ii) 'k=q & ................
¼[k½ L=hfyax fyf[k, %
(i) dfo & ................ (ii) eksj & ................
¼x½ ^^eSa ;g dke Lo;a dj yw°xk** okD; esa js[kkafdr 'kCn gS& ................................
¼?k½ ^^—i;k ,d pEep phuh nsukA** okD; esa js[kkafdr 'kCn gS& ................................
¼³½ ^^esÊk ij iqLrd gSA** js[kkafdr 'kCn esa dkjd dk Hksn gS& ................................
6- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa mRrj fyf[k, %
¼d½ rRle 'kCn fyf[k, % ................................
¼[k½ ^v{kj* 'kCn dk vusdkFkhZ fyf[k, % ................................
¼x ½ ^v'o* 'kCn dk i;kZ;okph fyf[k, % ................................
¼?k½ ^vknku* 'kCn dk foykse 'kCn fyf[k, % ................................
¼³½ ^tks ckr igys dHkh u gqbZ gks* okD;ka'k fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k, % .............................
7- fn, x, okD; dks 'kqn~/k dj fyf[k, %
¼d½ mldk izk.k fudy x;kA ...............................................
¼[k½ fn, x, okD; dks feJ okD; esa ifjofrZr dhft, %
og xjhc gS ijarq bZekunkj gSA ...............................................
¼x½ fn, x, eqgkojksa vFkZ fyf[k, %
(i) dku dk dPpk gksuk& .......................................................
(ii) vkleku ij Fkwduk & .......................................................
vH;kl dk;Z 30