Why dialysis happens

Dialysis is a treatment that does some of the things done by healthy kidneys. It is
needed when your own kidneys can no longer take care of your body's needs. Dialysis
happens when your kidney failed to function normally. About 85% until 90% kidney function
is gone. Kidney failure happens when you have diabetes and high blood pressure. Another
reason why you must do dialysis is when you are drinking less water, likes to eat salty food
and frequent urination. You must do dialysis to make sure that your kidney is functioning
well to remove the waste products in your blood. Dialysis also happened when your kidney
does not work well enough to keep you alive. You may have some symptoms when your
kidney failed. The symptoms that you may experience is loss of appetite, vomiting and have
sleep problems. One of the treatments that make your kidney can function normally is doing
dialysis. The importance of doing dialysis is to replace impaired renal function. Dialysis can
help your kidney can normally work as possible. It can also keep your body in balance.
Without dialysis, salts and waste products will accumulate in the blood, poison the body and
damage the organs. It can also remove the toxin from the blood. The high risk when you do
dialysis, you may have cramps, hypotension and headache. Dialysis also helps to regulate
electrolytes. Electrolytes are certain minerals the body needs to function correctly. When we
eat our food, we can get a lot of mineral that is used to make our body healthy and can gain
energy. The food that we eat must be balanced so that our kidney can help to control the level
of electrolyte by filtering the excess and keeping what is needed. If our kidney fails to
function normally, we must do dialysis so that our body will gain the right amount of
electrolyte. Another hormone that produce by kidneys is erythropoietin. Erythropoietin sends
a chemical message to your bone marrow to make red blood cells. Red blood cells carry
oxygen to the body. Kidney failure will lead to a lack of hormone erythropoietin. If this
happens, our body will lack oxygen and can make us felt dizzy and do not have the energy to
do some works. So, dialysis is important to those who have kidney failure. The purpose of
dialysate is to pull toxins from the blood into the dialysate. The way this works is through a
process called diffusion

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Types of dialysis

3.1 Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is treatment that treat patient who have kidney failure by using
machine. This machine will carry out patient’s blood and remove the waste products in that
machine. In term of chemistry, this machine have been created by using diffusion rate. The
molecule such as urea and salts will diffuse from higher concentration to low concentration
are until equilibrium reached. While your blood in the machine, it will go through called a
dialyzer, which removes waste and extra fluid. Large molecules cannot pass the membrane
so they remain in the blood. Smaller waste products such as urea and potassium pass through
the membrane and are washed away. Hemodialysis can be don in the hospital and usually
done 3 times per week for about 4 hours at a time. Hemodialysis also known as common
technique in biochemistry that can separating molecule by diffusion. A semipermeable
membrane helps to allow certain molecule based on size. The blood that have been washed
will be returned into the body. If our kidney cannot act normally, the waste products and fluid
can build up in your body. Without treatment the damage can be worst and finally your
kidney will stop working.

3.2 Peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment that uses the lining of your abdomen (belly
area), called your peritoneum, and a cleaning solution called dialysate to clean your blood.
(citation).Peritoneal dialysis is happened in peritonium. The organ that have in peritonium
such as stomach. In this procedure, the patient’s stomach will fill with dialysate for a period
of time until it does its job. Dialysate have a sugar called dextrose that can pull out fluid and
waste products from blood , through your peritoneum, into the dialysate. The patient have to
wait to drain the us of dialysate out of abdomen and refill it with fresh dialysate. This process
called as exchange. Each exchange (drain and refill) usually takes between 30 and 40
minutes. The waste of products such as urea will remove from the patient body by doing an
exchange. Peritoneal dialysis must be done every day or night. The patient usually do the
peritoneal dialysis at home while hemodialysis done at hospital using a machine.

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Conclusion

In a nutshell, dialysis is very important for those who are suffering from kidney
failure. In, this era of globalization, dialysis machines have been created to treat kidney
patients. Machines were invented using chemical and biological applications that have
benefited thousands of people worldwide. Dialysis machines help patient to clean and return
the blood into the body after being dialysis. During this process, the blood is purified by two
principles which are diffusion and ultrafiltration. The first person who was discovered the
dialysis is Thomas Graham British chemist often referred to as “the father of colloid
chemistry.”. He using “Graham’s law” of the diffusion rate of gases. He uses this law by
divided particles into two classes which are crystalloids, such as common salt, having high
diffusibility; and colloids, such as gum arabic, having low diffusibility. From the separating
of colloids from crystalloids, he assume this method in dialysis. He also proved that the
process of liquid diffusion causes partial decomposition of certain chemical compounds.
Diffusion is a property of substances in water; substances in water tend to move from an area
of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In term of chemistry, dialysis using
term of diffusion by separating colloidal particles by dissolve ions. Dialysis also helps
patient to remove waste product from the blood when their kidney do not work normally.
There are two types of dialysis which is hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis is
is using machine to washed the blood from urea while peritoneal dialysis using dialysate and
work in the stomach.