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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 1 OF 1

Visual Inspection procedure

G01 RE-ISSUED FOR COMMENT 13-JAN-23

G00 ISSUED FOR COMMENT 29-DEC-22 Ziyad Isam Sarmad Sabah Ali Turki

REV. DESCRIPTION DATE PREP’D CHK’D REV’D APP’D

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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 2 OF 7

CONTENTS

1- SCOPE

2- REFERENCES

3- AIDS TO VISUAL INSPECTION

4- EQUIPMENTS

5- PERSONNEL

6- LIGHTING

7- PRIOR TO WELDING

8 – DURING WELDING

8.1- Inner run cleaning

8.2- Inter pass temperature

9 –AFTER WELDING

10- REPAIR

11- EVALUATION

12- REPORT
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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 3 OF 7

1- SCO P E
This procedure relates to the visual inspection requirements for the weld of new
construction, adjacent base metal and the control of the parameters and features of
the weld and how these are recorded, in order to ensure full compliance with the
relevant approved welding procedures, codes and specifications.

2- REFER EN CE S
a. ASME Section V
b. API 1104
3- AIDS TO VISUAL INSPECTION
Direct visual examination may usually be made when access is sufficient to place the
eye within 24 inches of the surface to be examined and at an angle not less than 30° to
the surface to be examined. Aids to visual inspection should be used whenever
practicable to facilitate the assessment of imperfections or the examination of welds
not directly visible. These aids may be in various forms depending on the type and
location of the weld being examined. For local examination of a weld that is directly
visible to the eye, a small hand lens used in conjunction with a pen torch, while varying
the direction of the light is usually very revealing. In such cases.

4- EQUIPMENTS
All equipment to be used to assist visual inspections shall, where applicable.
When it is required to measure the dimensions of a weld edge preparation, a weld or
an imperfection or the material parameters, the following devices may be used:

• Welding gauges
• Caliper
• Magnifier
• Ruler
• Torch lamp

5- PERSONNEL
Visual welding inspector shall be suitably qualified to a recognized international
standard for the inspection and shall check the welding activities referring to the
appropriate WPS, Quality Plans, Specifications and Codes to ensure full compliance.
Visual Inspectors personnel shall have as minimum requirements one of the following
qualifications or equivalent:

• ASNT Level II Visual Inspection (American Society of Nondestructive Testing)

• CSWIP 3.1 Welding Inspector (Certification Scheme for Welding and Inspection
Personnel)
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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 4 OF 7

6- LIGHTING

The inspection area shall be adequately illuminated, with a minimum level of 1000
lux, for proper evaluation. If artificial lighting is used such as a torch, the direction of
the light shall be capable of being varied so that any imperfections can be revealed
and glare or dazzling of the inspector avoided.

7- PRIOR TO WELDING

• Have adequate knowledge of the applicable standard

• Have adequate knowledge of the welding procedure specification (WPS) to be used
• Have a knowledge with working drawing
The inspector shall check as a minimum:

• Examine the welders’ qualification

• Review materials and welding consumables to be used.
• Check base metal for discontinuities.
• Check weld preparation
• Check fit-up and alignment of weld joints.
• Check preheats, if required.

Weld Preparation: Check that the form and dimensions of the weld preparation are
in accordance with the data supplied using appropriate measuring devices.

Fit – Up: Check that the fit-up (gap and alignment) of the parts to be welded,
including any backing material, is in accordance with the data supplied.
Welding consumables: check the identification of the welding consumable against
the appropriate welding procedure specification, the surface preparation to be
examined and all adjacent areas shall be free from extraneous
matter such as paint, scale, grease, oil, dirt, weld spatter, slag etc. Surface
preparation shall be done by any suitable method like sand blasting, wire brushing
detergent cleaning, solvent cleaning, grinding etc., as appropriate.
surface preparation by grinding / machining may be necessary where surface
irregularities could mask indications due to discontinuities
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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 5 OF 7

8- DURING WELDING
During welding, there are a number of items, which require control so that the
resulting weld will be satisfactory. Visual examination is the primary method for
controlling this aspect of the fabrication. It can prove to be a valuable process control
tool. Some of the aspects of fabrication, which can be checked, include:

• Welding technique
• Welding consumable
• Preheat temperature
• Direction of welding
• Inter pass cleaning and temperature
• Sequence of weld passes.
• Quality of weld root bead.
• Subsequent layers for apparent weld quality.
• Welding process amperage, voltage & polarity
• Travel speed and heat input
• Cleaning between passes.

8.1 Inner run cleaning

Check that each run of weld metals cleaned before it is covered by a further run.
Particular attention shall be paid to the junctions between the weld metal and the
fusion faces.

8.2 Inter pass temperature

Linear indications are defined as indications with their greatest dimension in the weld
length direction. Typical linear indications may be caused by, but are not limited to, the
following types of imperfections: IP, IPD, ICP, IF, IFD, ESI, cracks, EU, IU, and HB.
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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 6 OF 7

9- AFTER WELDING

• Finished weld appearance

• Dimensional accuracy
• Post-weld heat treatment (if required)

The basic purpose of final weld inspection is to assure the weld’s quality. Check that all
slag has been removed, by manual or mechanical means. The surfaces of the finished
welds shall be sufficiently free from coarse ripples, grooves, overlays and abrupt ridges
and valleys to permit proper interpretation of radiographs and other required non-
destructive examination. Melt through and repaired burn through areas are acceptable
provided the areas do not contain cracks, crevices, excessive oxidation and the root
convexity and concavity limits are not exceeded. The weld and adjacent parent metal
shall be examined for any local hot spots or cracking caused by stray arching. Weld
seam and heat affected zone (HAZ) shall be examined for flaws against the acceptance
standard.

10- REPAIR
The weld fails to comply wholly or in part with the acceptance criteria, the
unacceptable defects shall be removed. The following items shall be checked
during the repair operation. Ensure that the specified means of removing the defect
(e.g., chipping, grinding, machining, thermal cutting or thermal gouging) shall be
used correctly, when a thermal process is employed. Check that if pre-heating is
specified and is correctly applied. Partially removed weld: Check that the cut out
portion is sufficiently deep and long enough to completely remove the defects. The
ends and sides of the cut should gradually from the base of the cut to the surface of
the weld metal. The width and profile of the cut should allow adequate access for
re-welding. Completely removed weld: when a section of material containing a
faulty weld has been removed, check that each weld preparation is repaired in
accordance with the welding procedure. Re-welding shall be carried out in
accordance with the relevant repair welding procedure.

11- EVALUATION

All relevant indications shall be evaluated as per the acceptance criteria

given in the referencing code section or job specification. (API 1104 for
welds joint of pipeline, B31.3 for welds of piping joints, etc.).
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Quality Procedure DOC NO: EBS1-AAAA00-SAQA-PRQA-0016 REV.: G00 PAGE 7 OF 7

12- REPORT