HCMUE - English For Mathematics Œ By Alice Ngô

READING 3

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Exponents and Logarithms

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Reading R
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Reading 3.0.1 Use the verbs below to fill in the blanks:
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surface area Geometry numerator decimal point radical

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base exponents be equal to Area product

scientific process measured is equal to estimate
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is equivalent shorthand multiplied square root (2) notation

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Exponents and Roots [1]

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Squares
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The [1] of a number times itself is called the square of that number. For example, 9
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3 is the square of 3; 16 is the square of 4; and 25 is the square of 5. Any number we work with has a square;
4 we simply multiply the number by itself to find it. The word square is also used as a verb to describe the
5 [2] used to find the product of a number times itself. To square a number means to
6 multiply it by itself.
7 Special notation is used when working with squares. Rather than write 15 × 15 = 225, we use an exponent,
8 152 = 225. Note that once you learn the link between a number and its square, you can apply that knowledge
9 regardless of where the [3] is located. For example, if you know that 152 = 225, you
10 also know that 1.52 = 2.25, and 0.152 = 0.0225, and 1502 = 22, 500.

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 HCMUE - English For Mathematics Œ By Alice Ngô

11 Square Roots
12 Every number that is a square has a [4] . For example, 15 is the square root of 225,
13 1.5 is the square root of 2.25, and 0.15 is the square root of 0.0225. A special [5]
Ä√ ä √
14 called a radical is used when working with square roots. For example, 9 = 3 is read: “The [6]
15 of nine equals three.” The radical over the number nine is read “square root of.”
16 To find a square root of a number underneath a [7] , ask yourself, "What number
17 can be [8] by itself to produce the number in the question?" In most cases, you will
18 be able to [9] the square root of a number accurately enough to select the correct

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answer. If you are asked to find the square root of a fraction, simply consider the [10]

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20 and denominator as separate numbers, and find the square root of each.

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21 Exponents

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22 It is frequently beneficial to use [11] methods of writing numbers in mathematics.

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23 One of the most common is the use of [12] . An exponent is a number that tells you

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24 how many times the number it refers to (called the [13] ) is used as a factor in a given
25 calculation. Exponents are most useful in certain [14] realms in which very large or
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very small numbers are involved. For example, it is much easier to write 10 rather than 1, 000, 000, 000. [15]
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27 is another subject that has frequent use for exponents. [16]
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28 and [17] are measured in square units such as square feet, square inches, and so
29 forth. Volume is [18] in cubic feet, cubic inches, or in other cubic units. For example,
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30 the area of a floor might be 200 square feet. Using an exponent, we can write 200 ft2 . The volume of a cube
might be 8 cubic feet. We can write this as 8 ft3 .
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32 One, Zero and Negative Exponents

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33 When the exponent is not written, as when we write most numbers, the exponent is understood to [19]
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34 1. Any number to the first power [20] to itself. Otherwise,

35 you may have noticed while practicing that you can divide numbers written in exponential notation and end
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up with an exponent that is negative or equal to zero. Both results are perfectly acceptable. You may have
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37 realized that when we divide a number by itself, the result is 1. Therefore, any number or variable representing
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38 a number having zero as an exponent [21] 1. A negative exponent is the symbol for a
39 reciprocal.
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HCMUE - English For Mathematics Œ By Alice Ngô

Listening

Listen and fill in the blanks:

1. We can [1] (3 words) for comparing, adding and subtracting
fractions.
2. We start with our butterfly and our two fractions, two thirds and one forth, then we
[2] (3 words).

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3. Next, we need to multiply the [3] (1 word).

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4. We successfully complete the butterfly method, and now we [4]

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(7 words).
5. So we can see that eight [5] (3 words) three that means

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eight over twelve is greater than three over twelve.
6. When adding fractions, all we have to do is [6] (8 words).

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7. Since [7] (5 words), our answer is five over twelve.

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8. Thank you for watching, I really [8] (1 word) that. Have a
wonderful day.
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Listen and fill in the blanks. The number of words hidden in each blank is clarified in brackets.
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1. If you square a number, you basically [9] (4 words).

2. Now if you draw it on a graph and put the first four on the horizontal axis and the second four on the
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vertical axis, you actually get [10] (2 words) which has got
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an area of sixteen because it’s four times four.

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3. If I have a square with the area of 20, what is the [11] (1

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word) of one of the sides?

4. Some numbers are called [12] (2 words), which means
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when you square root them the answer is a whole number.

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5. If the number isn’t a perfect square like 20, then the square root is a
[13] (1 word) like 4.472 . . . .
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6. When you got [14] (7 words), it’s called a cube.

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7. If you’ve got a number to the power of four, you extend it out into the
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[15] (2 words).
8. The [16] (4 words) is called a radical.

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References
1. Master the SSAT & ISEE, 9th Edition, Peterson’s, New York, 2014.
2. SSAT Math, 1st Edition, IVY Global, New York, 2013.
3. Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches, Higher Level, Oxford IB Diploma Programme, Oxford
University Press, 2019.
4. Mathematics Core topics HL 1 for use with IB Diploma Programme, Haese Mathematics, Australia,
2019.
5. Higher level, Mathematics Applications and Interpretation for the IB Diploma, Pearson, London, 2019.

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6. MYP Mathematics, A concept-based approach, 4&5 Standard, Oxford University Press, 2016.

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7. Cambridge IGCSE, Mathematics Core and Extended, Third Edition, Hodder Education, London, 2013.

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8. Pure Mathematics 1, Student Book, Pearson Edexcel international A level, PDF compiled by SAAD,
2018.

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9. Pure Mathematics 1, Cambridge International AS and A Level Mathematics, Sophie Goldie, Series

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Editor: Roger Porkess, Holder Education, 2012.

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10. The Dunhuang Chinese Sky: A comprehensive study of the oldest known star atlas, J-M Bonnet-Bidaud,
F. Praderie, S. Whitfield, J. Astronomical History and Heritage, 2009.
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11. Mathematics Analysis and Approaches HL 2, Haese Mathematics, Australia, 2019.
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12. Mathematics Applications and Interpretation HL 2, Haese Mathematics, Australia, 2019.

13. Jeff Kolby, SAT Math Tests, Nova Press, West Holywood, 2015.
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14. Mathematics for the international student, 10E , MYP5 (Extended), Haese Mathematics, Australia,
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2014.
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15. Mathematics for the international students, Mathematics HL (Options), Haese & Harris Publications,
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16. IB materials, https://www.ibo.org/

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23. Sách giáo khoa Toán lớp 9 tập 1, Nhà xuất bản giáo dục Việt Nam, 2011.
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24. Sách giáo khoa Toán lớp 9 tập 2, Nhà xuất bản giáo dục Việt Nam, 2011.
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28. Sách giáo khoa Hình học lớp 11, Nhà xuất bản giáo dục Việt Nam, 2010.
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30. Sách giáo khoa Hình học lớp 12, Nhà xuất bản giáo dục Việt Nam, 2007.

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