BMS

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT
Avalahalli, Doddaballapur Main Road, Bengaluru – 560064

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

18EC45

STUDY MATERIAL
IV SEMESTER
Contents

1. MODULE I
Introduction and Classification of signals: Definition of signal and systems, communication and
control system as examples Classification of signals.
Basic Operations on signals: Amplitude scaling, addition, multiplication, differentiation,
integration, time scaling, time shift and time reversal.
Elementary signals/Functions: Exponential, sinusoidal, step, impulse and ramp functions.
Expression of triangular, rectangularand other waveforms in terms of elementary signals.

2.MODULE II
System Classification and properties: Linear-nonlinear, Time variant-invariant, causal-noncausal,
static-dynamic, stable- unstable, invertible.
Time domain representation of LTI System: Impulse response, convolution sum, convolution
integral.
Computation of convolution sum and convolution integral using graphical method for unit step
and unit step, unit step and exponential, exponential and exponential, unit step and rectangular,
and rectangular and rectangular.

3.MODULE III
LTI system Properties in terms of impulse response: System interconnection, Memoryless,
Causal, Stable, Invertible and Deconvolution, and step response.
Fourier Representation of Periodic Signals: CTFS properties and basic problems.

4.MODULE IV
Fourier Representation of aperiodic Signals: Introduction to Fourier Transform &
DTFT, Definition and basic problems.
Properties of Fourier Transform: Linearity, Time shift, Frequency shift, Scaling, Differentiation
and Integration, Convolution and Modulation, Parseval’s theorem and problems on properties of
Fourier Transform..

5.MODULE V
The Z-Transforms: Z transform, properties of the region of convergence, properties of the Z-
transform, Inverse Z-transform, Causality and stability, Transform analysis of LTI systems.
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Properties
Assignment
Step response of LTI system
Convolution Sum
Both the signals are of finite duration
Properties of Convolution sum
Continuation of Convolution sum(both
the sequences are finite)
Amplitude and Phase spectra of
periodic signals
 PROPERTIES OF FOURIER
SERIES
• There are 8 Properties
1. Linearity
2. Time shifting
3. Frequency shifting
4. Time Differentiation
5. Parseval’s theorem
6. Convolution
7. Modulation
8. Time Scaling
Time Differentiation
 Power series expansion
• Here X(Z) is expressed as a power series in
Z-1 or Z. The value of the signal x(n) is then
given by the co-efficients associated with Z-n.
This inversion method is limited to signals that are one sided i.e., ROCs of the form
|Z|<a or |Z|>a.
If |Z|>a, then X(Z) is expressed as a power series in Z-1. If |Z|<a , then X(Z) is
expressed as a power series in Z
Example 1.
Example.2