CHAPTER 1

Introduction to
Management in
Nursing

Author
Dr. Rohini. T
 Learning Objectives
• Define management and nursing management
• Discuss the concepts of management
• Describe the theories of management
• Understand the differences between administration and management
• State the differences between nurse managers and administrators
• Discuss the functions of management
• Explain the principles of management
• Describe the role of nurse as a manager
• Familiarize the various levels of management
• Recognize the importance of manage- ment and nursing management
• Understand the features of management
 Chapter Outline
• Meaning and Definitions of Management and Nursing Management
• Concepts of Management
• Theories of Management
• Differences between Administration and Management
• Differences between Nurse Managers and Administrators
• Functions of Management
• Principles of Management
• Role of Nurse as a Manager
• Levels of Management
• Importance of Management and Nursing Management
• Features of Management
 Definitions of Management
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals, working together in groups,
efficiently accomplish selected aims. The main managerial functions are
planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.

—Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich, 2010

 Concepts of management
• The four main concepts of management are functional concept, leadership
and decision-making concept, productivity concept, and universality concept.

Leadership and
Functional Productivity Universality
decision making
concept concept concept
concept

Manager’s Decision and Maximum Applicable

activity leadership prosperity anywhere
 Management Theories
Management theories can be broadly classified into

1. Classical Management theories

2. Behavioural management theories

3. Modern management theories

 Classical Management Theory

• Classical Management Theory is based on the belief that workers only have
physical and economic needs and it prescribes specialization of labor.

• Three streams of classical management theory are Scientific management theory

(Taylor), Administrative theory (Fayol) and Bureaucracy (Weber) theory.
Classical Management Theories

Scientific Administrative Bureaucracy

management theory theory

Principles of
Incentives By rules
management

Taylor Fayol Weber

 Behavioral Management Theory
• The behavioral management theory is often called the human relations
movement because it addresses the human dimension of work.

• Types of behavioral management theories include Elton Mayo – Hawthorne

experiments, Abraham Maslow – Need theory, and Douglas McGregor–
theory X and Y.
 Behavioral Management Theory

Elton Hawthorne experiments

Mayo Work environment
Abraham Need theory
Maslow Hierarchy of needs
Douglas Theory X and Y
McGregor Manager’s assumptions
Modern Management Theory

Three streams of modern management theories are

quantitative approach, system approach, and
contingency approach
Types of modern management theories

Quantitative approach
• Mathematic tools
and techniques

System approach
• Open system with
sub-systems

Contingency approach • Situation oriented

OTHER MANAGEMENT THEORIES
• Relationship theories or Transformational theories of management focus
upon the connections formed between leaders and followers.

• Transformational leaders are focused on the performance of group members,

but also want each person to fulfil his/her potential.
Administration
• Administration represents the owners of the
organization while management are a group of
persons, who are employees of the organization.

• Nurse administrators hold a variety of executive- level

positions, including Director of Nursing Services,
Clinical Coordinator, and Chief Nurse Executive.
Relationship of Administration to Management

Administration Management
Difference between Administration and Management
Areas Administration Management

Definition The process of creating and enforcing rules and Systematic way of dealing with or
regulations by a group of people. controlling things or with people

Persons Represents the owners of the organization Group of persons, who are employees of the
organization, is collectively known as
management
Activity High level activity Functional level activity

Focus Policy formulation Making the best possible Policy implementation Managing people and
utilization their work
of the organization’s
resources
Functions Legislation Executing and governing
Have typically more defined functions how managers act and operate in an
organization can differ person to person
Areas Administration Management

Decisions Takes all importantdecisions of the organization Makes decision under the boundaries set by the
administration

Organizations Administration is found in government and Management can be seen in the profit making
military offices, clubs, hospitals, religious organization like business enterprises
organizations, and all the non-profit making
enterprises
Concerns Framing policies and setting objectives Plans and actions

Role Decisive in nature Administration typically has a Executive role

role in all Not all administrative decisions require the
management decisions input of management

Change Administrative policies or procedures however are Management style of an organization can also
slower to change and may remain in place for change with the removal or installation of a new
many generations of management manager
Areas Administration Management

Influence Administrative functions of a businesscan often be How a manager chooses to guide or lead
guided or influenced by legislation or law his/her team is often a function of their
experience and the company culture
 Nurse managers

• Nurse managers typically fall under the category of middle

management, which can include Head nurse, Charge nurse, and
Unit manager.
 Difference between nurse administrators and nurse managers
Nurse administrators Nurse managers

Job Title and Authority

Nurse administrators hold a variety of executive-level Nurse managers typically fall under the category of
positions, including Director of Nursing Services, Clinical middle management, which can include Head nurse,
Coordinator, and Chief Nurse Executive. Charge nurse, and Unit manager.
A nurse administrator plays a larger role in an Nurse managers, typically supervises a single department
organization than a nurse manager, overseeing several and reports to the Director of nursing.
departments and reporting directly to a member of
senior leadership such as the chief medical officer.
Experience and Education Requirements

Need both advanced training and extensive managerial Nurse managers typically need only an undergraduate
experience. Many hold graduate degrees, such as a master degree in nursing, though some hold graduate degrees.
of science in nursing administration. Many come to the role with no prior management
experience.
 Difference between nurse administrators and nurse managers
Nurse administrators Nurse managers

Responsibilities

Concentrate primarily on policy and organizational Recruiting and hiring nurses; supervise the team;
operations issues. E.g., nursing shortage. Attend meetings, mentoring and coaching; managing budget, etc.
prepare reports, develop programs and policies.

Working Unit

Nurse administrators almost never deal directly with
patients or family members, instead supervise middle-
level managers and work with fellow members of the
senior leadership team.
Nurse managers primarily interact with nurses and other
health-care staff who provide hands-on care to patients.
They address questions, concerns, and complaints
brought forth by patients or their families.
They also collaborate with nurse managers of other
departments.
Henry Fayol – Managerial Functions (5)

Planning,
Coordinating,
including Organizing Commanding Controlling
and
forecasting
 Gulick and Urwiik

• Gulick and Urwiik have classified management functions into

seven. They coined the word ‘POD- SCORB’ to describe the
functions of management
 Gulick and Urwiik
Planning

Budgeting Organizing

Reporting Directing

Coordinating Staffing
 Gulick and Koontz and
Henry Fayol (5)
Urwiik (7) O’Donnell (5)

Planning including Planning Planning

forecasting
Organizing
Organising Organizing
Directing

Commanding Staffing Staffing

Coordinating
Coordinating Directing
Reporting
Controlling Budgetting Controlling
 Principles of Management

• Henri Fayol developed the 14 principles of management which help the

managers to lead and function effectively.
 Principles of Management (14)

Authority and Unity of

Division of work Discipline Unity of direction
responsibility command

Subordination of
individual
Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order
interest to
general interest

Stability of
Equity tenure of Initiative Espirit de Corps
personnel
Role of nurse as a manager

Staffing
related roles

Administrativ Patient care

e roles related roles
Levels of management

Top-level
management

Middle-level
management

Lower-level
management.
Roles and responsibilities of Top level
management

Issuing necessary
instructions for the
Laying down the preparation of
objectives and department-
broad policies specific budgets,
schedules,
procedures, etc.

Appointing the
Preparing strategic executives for
plans and policies middle-level
management
 Roles and responsibilities of Middle level
management

1 Carry out plans according to policies

2 Organize departmental activities

3 Participate in hiring and training processes of lower-level management

4 Inspiring lower level managers - improving performance

 Roles and responsibilities of Lower level
management
Supervision Supervising and guiding their subordinates
Mediators Acting as mediators by communicating the
problems, suggestions, and recommendatory
appeals, etc. of workers to the higher level of
management, and in turn elucidating higher-
level goals and objectives to workers

Facilitator Arranging the necessary materials, machines,

tools, and resources, etc. necessary for
accomplishing organizational tasks

Discipline Upholding discipline, decorum, and harmony

within the workplace
 Importance Of Management
To achieve common goals

Resource utilization

Reduced cost

Sound organization

Establish equilibrium

Prosperity of society
 Importance Of Nursing Management

Creating a Supporting Setting Smoothing

Nurture Proper Encourage Positive
healthy work employee department patient
teamwork organization success growth
environment development goals relations
 Features Of Management

Relationship Working with

Organized Existence of Decision- among and through
activities objective making
resources people.
 Summary
• Meaning and Definitions of Management and Nursing Management
• Concepts of Management
• Theories of Management
• Differences between Administration and Management
• Differences between Nurse Managers and Administrators
• Functions of Management
• Principles of Management
• Role of Nurse as a Manager
• Levels of Management
• Importance of Management and Nursing Management
• Features of Management
Thank you