“ANDROID-BASED APPOINTMENT AND SCHEDULING SYSTEM OF DENTAL

CLINICS IN GOA, CAMARINES SUR”

JAMAICA L. MERCOLITA

Submitted to the Institute of Information Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

College of Arts and Sciences

Partido State University
Goa, Camarines Sur

February 2023
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the introduction that covers the project context, purpose, and description,

the objectives of the study, the scope and delimitation of the study, and the significance of the

study.

Project Context

Peter et al (2014) explained that; with the advance of IT technology today and seen

healthcare system as a critical system, appointment booking system lies at the intersection of

delivering efficient, dependable and timely access to health services. The conventional way of

appointment booking is via fax, phone or email. But with the growing internet penetration,

healthcare industry is moving towards the use of an online appointment booking system. Medical

appointments have often been booked over the phone or in person with schedulers. These

techniques offer for the most flexibility in challenging circumstances because they are based on

spoken interactions with actual individuals. The ability to get an appointment on time is,

however, constrained by not only the availability of appointment times but also by the

availability of schedulers and phone lines. Patients' satisfaction with appointment booking is

influenced by their capacity to book at the appropriate time with the appropriate health service

providers. The current health care landscape desired efficiency and patient satisfaction for

optimal performance. The outpatient of most clinics in developing countries are faced with

plethora of issues. These include, overtime for doctors and nurses during clinic sessions, long

waiting time for patients, and peak workloads for counter personnel. The quality of health care

delivery has been threatening by overtime and peak work load. The establishment and
improvement of doctor-patient interaction system is a very important requirement, especially

now when the mobile communication technology is developing rapidly. The advantages of

mobile web can be made full use of to make up the time and distance gap between doctors and

patients and to provide fast and adequate medical services. Through the connection between

mobile terminals and specific service, both doctors and patients are able to obtain required data

to achieve a better interaction (Choudhari et al, 2014)

Purpose and Description

The system’s features and functions will make the clinic’s service more efficiently, which

will speed up the flow of the patient’s waiting time and improve the service. The waiting time of

the patients will lessen. The tasks of the Doctor and Patients will reduce as they have their own

time or appointment. In search module, appointments, bookings, Doctor’s fee and patient will be

implemented.

Objectives

This study generally aims to develop an Android-based appointment system of Dental

Clinics in Goa, Camarines Sur. Specifically, this project aims to:

 To assess the current use and adoption of Android-based appointment and

scheduling systems in dental clinics, including factors that influence

implementation and use.

 To evaluate the effectiveness of Android-based appointment and scheduling

systems in improving patient satisfaction and reducing missed appointments.

  To identify potential barriers and challenges to the adoption and use of Android-

based appointment and scheduling systems in dental clinics, including issues

related to data security and patient privacy.

 To explore the perspectives of dental healthcare providers and patients on the use

of Android-based appointment and scheduling systems, including perceived

benefits and limitations.

 To make recommendations for the design and implementation of Android-based

appointment and scheduling systems in dental clinics, based on the findings of the

research.

Scope and Delimitations

Scope:

 The study will focus on Android-based appointment and scheduling systems that are used

specifically in dental clinics.

 The study may examine a particular geographic region or population of interest, such as

dental clinics in a certain city or serving a specific patient demographic.

 The study may evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of Android-based

appointment and scheduling systems in dental clinics, including factors that influence

adoption and patient satisfaction.

Delimitations:

 The study may not examine appointment and scheduling systems that are not Android-

based, or that are used in healthcare settings other than dental clinics.
  The study may not evaluate the effectiveness of other types of dental healthcare

technology, such as electronic health records or telehealth platforms.

 The study may be limited by the availability of data or access to dental clinics that use

Android-based appointment and scheduling systems.

 The study may not explore the perspectives of dental healthcare providers or patients who

do not use or have access to Android-based appointment and scheduling systems.

Significance of the Study

There are significant ramifications to the investigation of an Android-based appointment

and scheduling system for dental clinics. Improved operations, better time management, accurate

record keeping, greater accessibility, and improved patient experience are a few of these. A

scheduling system can make it simple and convenient for patients to make appointments,

decrease wait times, make the best use of staff resources, and boost revenue. Additionally, it can

aid clinics in staying current with technological advancements and maintaining their

competitiveness in the rapidly evolving healthcare industry.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS

Review of Related Literature

Rinder et al., (2012) proposes a Healthcare Scheduling by Data Mining Literature review

and future directions. The article presents a systematic literature review of the application of

industrial engineering methods in healthcare scheduling, the research work defines two

categories of healthcare scheduling which are; work/patient scheduling and provider resource

scheduling, Patient appointments are scheduled based on the number of appointments slots

available. The number of appointments available is established based on the type of work, such

as regular visits, follow-up visits, tests and procedures, education sessions, and the number of

providers available by hour and day of the week. The paper described application of data

modelling technique to improve scheduling in healthcare, and the modelling technique had to be

a data mining technique. However, none of the methods modelled no-show and walk-in’s patient

behavior, also the research work should include more variables related to patient and/or

environment.

Foreign Literature

The study of Y. Cheng et al. (2018), "An Android-Based Outpatient Appointment

Scheduling System for Chinese Hospitals" focused on the design and implementation of an
Android-based outpatient appointment scheduling system for Chinese hospitals, which aimed to

improve the efficiency and accuracy of the appointment scheduling process.

In Accordance with A. J. Almerol Jr. and J. A. Marquez (2019), "Design and

Implementation of an Android-Based Appointment System for a Dental Clinic", this study

focused on the design and implementation of an Android-based appointment system for a dental

clinic, which aimed to improve the efficiency and convenience of the appointment scheduling

process for both patients and healthcare providers.

Rendering to L. Yang et al. (2019), "An Android-Based Appointment Scheduling System

for Mental Health Clinics" this study focused on the development of an Android-based

appointment scheduling system for mental health clinics, which aimed to improve the

accessibility and convenience of the appointment scheduling process for patients.

While in the study of Y. H. Chen et al. (2020), "Development and Evaluation of an

Android-Based Appointment System for Rehabilitation Clinics",focused on the development and

evaluation of an Android-based appointment system for rehabilitation clinics, which aimed to

improve the efficiency and convenience of the appointment scheduling process for both patients

and healthcare providers.

And S. R. Alharbi and A. T. Alqhtani (2021), “A Review of Mobile Applications for

Patient Appointment Scheduling in Healthcare" The study reviewed the current literature on

mobile applications for patient appointment scheduling in healthcare, including Android-based

systems, and discussed their advantages, challenges, and future directions.

Local Systems
 E.P. Abordo and K.L. Comia (2016), "Development and Implementation of an Android-

Based Appointment System for Primary Health Care Centers", this study focused on the

development and implementation of an Android-based appointment system for primary health

care centers, which aimed to improve the clinic's efficiency in managing patient appointments.

R.A. Reyes, M.C. Magpantay, and C.A. Rabang (2017), "Design and Development of an

Android-Based Clinic Appointment System with Queue Management" this study focused on the

design and development of an Android-based clinic appointment system with queue

management, which aimed to improve the clinic's patient flow and reduce patient waiting time.

R.G. Aragon and R.C. Domasig (2018, “Evaluation of an Android-Based Clinic

Appointment System", this study evaluated the effectiveness of an Android-based clinic

appointment system in improving the clinic's appointment scheduling process, patient waiting

time, and overall patient satisfaction.

A.F. Mercado and M.S. Villena (2019), "A Mobile-Based Clinic Appointment System",

this study focused on the design and implementation of a mobile-based clinic appointment

system, which aimed to improve the accessibility and convenience of the clinic's appointment

scheduling process for patients.

D.L. Alcantara and E.J. Ballaran (2020), "Development and Implementation of an

Android-Based Appointment System for a Community-Based Health Center". This study

focused on the development and implementation of an Android-based appointment system for a

community-based health center, which aimed to improve the clinic's appointment scheduling

process and patient management.

Synthesis of the State-of-Art

 The synthesis of the state-of-the-art of the system is that such systems have become

increasingly popular and have been implemented in various parts of the world. The aim of the

system is to improve the efficiency and convenience of the appointment scheduling process for

both patients and dental healthcare providers in Goa, Camarines Sur. This system will show that

the use of Android-based appointment and scheduling systems can significantly reduce patient

waiting time, improve patient satisfaction, and increase the number of patients that can be

accommodated in a clinic. However, there are also challenges associated with the development

and implementation of this system, such as the need for technical expertise, data security

concerns, and issues related to user adoption and acceptance. Despite these challenges, the

potential benefits of the system in improving the quality of dental healthcare services make them

a promising tool for dental clinics in Goa, Camarines Sur.

Gap Bridge by the Study

Based on the synthesis of the state-of-the-art of Android-based appointment and

scheduling system of dental clinics, the gap that could be bridged by the study is the need for

further research and development of these systems, particularly in the context of specific dental

clinics and their patient populations. While many studies have demonstrated the potential

benefits of Android-based appointment and scheduling systems, there is a need for more in-depth

investigation of factors that influence their adoption and effectiveness. This includes exploring

the specific features and functionalities that are most beneficial for dental clinics, as well as

understanding the perspectives of patients and dental healthcare providers regarding the use of

such systems. Furthermore, there is a need for research to address the technical challenges and

data security concerns associated with the implementation of Android-based appointment and
scheduling systems in dental clinics. By addressing these gaps, the study could help to improve

the efficiency and quality of dental healthcare services and enhance the patient experience.

Definition of Terms

Android-based appointment and scheduling system - This refers to a software application that

is designed to manage and schedule patient appointments using the Android operating system. It

allows patients to schedule appointments with dental clinics, view their appointment history, and

receive reminders about upcoming appointments. It also provides dental healthcare providers

with a centralized platform for managing patient appointments, reducing the likelihood of double

bookings or missed appointments.

Dental clinics - Healthcare facilities provide dental services to patients, including preventive

care, restorative procedures, and cosmetic treatments. They may be staffed by general dentists,

dental specialists, or a combination of both.

Patient - This refers to an individual who receives dental healthcare services from a dental

clinic. Patients may seek care for a variety of reasons, such as routine checkups, treatment of

dental conditions or diseases, or cosmetic procedures.

Appointment scheduling - This is the process of arranging a time for a patient to receive dental

healthcare services from a dental clinic. Appointment scheduling may be done in person, over

the phone, or using an online scheduling system.

Data security - This refers to the measures taken to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and

availability of sensitive information. In the context of an Android-based appointment and

scheduling system for dental clinics, data security measures may include encryption of patient
data, access controls to limit who can view or modify patient information, and regular backups to

prevent data loss.

CHAPTER III

This section presents the required technical background of the study. It indicates the software

requirements needed by the system to perform its functionalities.

Software Requirements

Table 3.1 Software Requirements

Software Description

MySQL Relational database5 management system

Android Studio For Android application development

XAMPP XAMPP Server for deploying admin Web app

and WebApi

Hypertext Pre-Processor (PHP) Scripting Language

Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) Language for describing the database

 Table 3.1 shows the software requirements. MySQL can be freely use for it is an open-

source database that is consistent, reliable, equip with strong solution and advance features.

Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Android application

development. It is based on IntelliJ IDEA, a Java integrated development environment for

software, and incorporates its code editing and developer tools. XAMPP is used for deploying

admin Web app and WebApi. The PHP can be used with various database such as MySQL,

HTML and CSS that used for building Webpages. And HTML provides the structure of the page.

Table 3.2 Hardware Requirements

Hardware Specification

Smartphone Android version 10

Processor Octa-core

Laptop/Computer Windows 11

Installed RAM 8.00 GB

Processor 11th Gen Intel(R) Core (TM) i3-1115G4 @

3.00GHz

Output Devices Monitor/Printer

Input Devices Mouse/Keyboard/Touchpad

System Type 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor

Table 3.2 shows the hardware requirements of the system such as Processor, Memory,

Hard drive, Mobile Devices and Monitor. It is important that the Laptop and Smartphone has a
large specification for it performs a better, responsive and quick interaction using the system.

The Processor must be at least 11th Gen Intel(R) Core (TM) i3-1115G4 @ 3.00GHz and

Installed RAM should 8.00GB.