DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WELL

For the tank for capacity 4 MLD

1 Tank size D, Outside= 6.50 x D, Inside= 7.00 x H= 7.83 m
3 Soil unit wt 18.00 kN/m3 18000 N/m 3

4 Concrete M 25 Concrete unit wt. 25000 N/m3

5 Steel fy 415 Tensile stress 415 N/mm2
6 Nominal Cover 40 mm Water unit wt 9.80 kN/m3

7 Thickness Vertical Walls 200 mm 20 cm 0.20 m

Bottom slab 300 mm 30 cm 0.30 m
7 Reinforcement
Vertical wall
In side near corner Horizonta 20 mm f bars 30 mm c/c 1.00 m height
above the base, near corners.
in side middle horizontal 20 mm f bars 30 mm c/c upto top
Out side middle horizontal 12 mm f bars 60 mm c/c upto top
Horizontal wall
In side near corner Horizonta 20 mm f bars 30 mm c/c upto top
Out side middle horizontal 20 mm f bars 60 mm c/c, upto top
Distribution 10 mm f bars 110 mm c/c vertical
9 Base 8 mm f bars 370 mm c/c in both direction

C
20 mm f 20 mm f
30 mm c/c 30 mm c/c

20 mm f 60 mm c/c
12 mm f 12 mm f
A 20 mm f 30 mm c/c 60 mmc/c 10 mm f 60 mmc/c
20 mm f 60 mm c/c 110 mmc/c
20 mm f 60 mm c/c (d)
10 mm f 110 mm c/c both side 10 mm f 12 mm f 10 mm f
20 mm f 30 mm c/c (d+e) 30 mmc/c 60 mmc/c 30 mmc/c
B
Bars(c) 20 mm f 370 mmc/c

Section plan Section on CD

D

20 mm f 120 mm c/c
10 mm f 110 mm c/c

10 mm f 110 mm c/c
20 mm f 60 mm c/c
8 mm f 370 mm c/c both way

Section on AB
 DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- Underground Water Tank

1 Tank size L= 6.00 x B= 4.00 x H= 5.00
2 Tank capacity 120000 ltr
3 Saturated soil unit wt 22.00 kN/m3 22000 N/m3
4 Conrete M 20 unit weight 25000
scbc 7 N/mm 2
m 13
5 Steel fy 415 Tensile stress 115
6 Nominal Cover 35 mm Water unit wt 9.80
7 Thickness Walls 200 mm 0.2
Top roof 120 mm 12 cm 0.12
Bottom slab 150 mm 15 cm 0.15
7 Reinforcement
Long wall
Inside near corner Vertical R/f 12 mm F 30 mm c/c 1.00
above the base, near corners.
Inside middle Vertical R/f 12 mm F 30 mm c/c upto top
Outside middle Vertical R/f 12 mm F 60 mm c/c upto top
Short wall
Inside near corner Vertical R/f 12 mm F 30 mm c/c upto top
Outside middle Vertical R/f 12 mm F 60 mm c/c, upto top
Distribution Bar 8 mm F 110 mm c/c vertical
9 Base Main 12 mm F 370 mm c/c in both direction
 m

N/m3

N/mm2
kN/m3
m
m
m

m height
e base, near corners.

n both direction
 DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK
Name of work :- Underground Water Tank
Tank size 6.00 x 4.00 x 5.00 m
Tank capacity 120000 ltr
Saturated soil unit wt 22.00 kN/m3 22000 N/m3
Conrete M 20 unit weight = ### N/m3
Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stess = 115 N/mm2
scbc 7 N/mm2 m = 13
Nominal cover 35 mm unit wt. of water = 9.8 N/mm3 9800

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 20

sst = 115 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2
scbc = 7 N/mm2 m = 13
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.442
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 115
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.442 / 3 = 0.853
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.853 x 0.442 = 1.320

3 Determination of B.M. for horizontal bending :--

L/B = 6.00 / 4.00 = 1.50 < 2
Hence Both long and short walls will bend horizontally for upper portion, upto poin D, where horizontal water
pressure is p=w(H-h).
Here h = H/4 or 1 m which ever is greater \ h = 1.00 m
Thus top 4.00 m height of walls will be bend horizontally while the bottom 1.00 m will bend as
vertical cantilever . The bending moments for horizontal bending may be determined by moment
distribution by considering tank as continuos frame of unit height at level of D.
Water pressure p at point D=P= ϒ (H - h ) = 9800 ( 5.00 - 1.00 )= 39200
PL 2
P x 6.00 '= 2
Fixed end moments for long wall = = 3.00 P N-m
12 12
PB2 P x 4.00 2'=
Fixed end moments for short wall = = 1.33 P N-m
12 12
Consider quarter frame FAE with joint A rigid. Taking clock wise moment as positive and anticlock
wise moment as negative, the fixed end moment MAF for long wall will be + 3.00 P while the fixed end
end moments MAF for short wall will be - 1.33 P Considering Area A and moment of inertia l for
both the walls to be the same, the stiffness of walls will be inversely proportional to these length.
Thus we have following table.
Member Stiffness Relative stiffness Sum Distribution factor
1 1 2
AE x 6.00 = 2 5 = 0.4
3 3
5 3
1 1
AF x 6.00 = 3 5 = 0.6
2 2

The moment distribution is carried out in the following table.

Joint A
Member AE AF
Distribution facvtor 0.4 0.6

Fixed end moments + 3.00 p - 1.33 p

Balancing moments - 0.667 p - 1 p

Final moments + 2.33 p - 2.33 p

 Hence moment at supports, Mf= 2.33 x 39200 = 91467 N-m/m
This support moment will cause tension at the water force.
p L2 ### x 6.00 2
B.M. at the center long span = - Mf = 91467 = 84933
8 8
This bending moment cause tension at outer face.
p B2 ### x 4.00 2
B.M. at the center short span = - Mf = 91467 = -13067
8 8
This will cause tension at the water face. \ Max. design B.M. = 84933

3 Design of section :- For bending

84933 x 1000
Required depth = = 254 mm
1.320 x 1000
Provide total depth T= 254 + 35 = 290 mm so that available d = 300 mm

4 Determination pull :-
Direct tension on Long wall = PL = P x B/2 = 39200 x 4.00 / 2 = 78400
Direct tension on short wall = PL = P x B/2 = 39200 x 6.00 / 2 = 117600

5 Cantilever Moment :- Cantilever moment at b the base, per unit length .

h2 9800 x 4.00 x 1.00 2
= wH x = 6533 N-m
6 6
This will cause tension at water face.
6 Reinforcement at corners of long walls.:- The upper portion of long walls is subjected to both bending in
horizontal direction as well as pull. The reinforcement for both will be in horizontal direction. Hence
reinforcement has to be provided forr a net moment (MF - Px ), where Mf is the moment at ends (causing
tension on water face). Similarly vertical section of unit height ( 1 m) of long wall, at its end, at the level of
1.00 m above the base , where reinforcement is provided at the water face.
T 290
x= d- = 254 - = 109 mm
2 2
Mf - Pl x 91467 x 1000 ) - ### x 109
Ast for B.M. = = = 2818 mm2
sst.j.d 115 x 0.853 x 300
PL 78400
Ast for pull = = = 682 mm2
ss 115
Total Ast = 2818 + 682 = 3500 mm2 per meter height.
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 3500 = 32 say = 30 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 30 mm c/c. The above reinforcement is to be provided at
inner face, near the corners, and at a height 1.00 m above the base. For other height the above spacing
may be varied, since bending moment will reduce.

7 Reinfocement at the middle of long wall. :-

Tension occurs at outer face. However, since distance of corner of steel from
water face will be less than 225 mm, permissible stress will be 115 N/mm2 only. Design constants
will be k = 0.442 j = 0.853 R = 1.318
Design B.M. = 84933 N-m per meter height. Also PL = 78400 N
M - Pl x 84933 x 1000 ) - ### x 109
Ast for B.M. = = = 2596 mm2
sst.j.d 115 x 0.853 x 300
PL 78400
Ast for pull = s = = 682 mm2
s 115
Total Ast = 2596 + 682 = 3278 mm2 per meter height.
 3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 3278 = 34 say = 30 mm
This is very near to the reinforcement provided at ends.Hence provided 12 mm f bars 30
c/c. Bend half the bars provided at ends, outwards.at distance L/4 = 1.50 m form ends.
This reinforcement is to be provided at outer face. The additional 12 mm f bars provided @ 60
are continued upto the end.

8 Reinforcement for shorts walls.:-

B.M. at ends=Mf = 91467 N-m Direct pull pu = 117600 N
M - PB x 91467 x 1000 ) - ### x 109
Ast for B.M. = = = 2673 mm2
sst.j.d 115 x 0.853 x 300
PL ###
Ast for pull = = = 1023 mm2
ss 115
Total Ast = 2673 + 1023 = 3696 mm2 per meter height.
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 3696 = 31 say = 30 mm
Hence provide 12 mm f bars @ 30 mm c/c at inner face near the ends of short span.
The B.M. at the center of short walls cause tension at water face (unlikethat in the center of long walls where
tension is produced at outer face ).since this B.M. is small, only nominal reinforcement is required. Similarlly,
we have to provide nominal reinforcement at outer face,. Hence bend half bars outward at distance B/4=
m from each end, and continue remaning half tjrought. Thus at the center of span, the reinforcement on each
face will consist of 12 mm f bars @ 60 mm c/c.

9 Reinforcement for cantilever moment and distribution reinforcement.:-

max. cantilever moment= 6533 N-m
6533 x 1000
Ast = = 222 mm2
115 x 0.853 x 300
0.3
But minimum reinforcementin vertical direction = x( 290 x 1000 )= 870 mm2
100
Since half of this area of steel can reist cantilever momnt, we will provide = 435 mm2 steel area vertically
on the inner face and remaining area i.e.= 435 mm vertically at outer face to serve as distribution
2

reinforcment. \ Area of steel on each face = 435 mm2.

3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50.2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 435 = 115 say = 110 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 110 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall

10 Design of base slab:-

Since tank rest on ground, provide a 150 mm thick base slab.
taking 1m length for calculation and 0.20 % of nominal reinforcement
0.20 x 1000 x 150
area of steel = = 300 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars A = = = 113.0
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113.0 / 300 = 377 say = 370 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 370 mm c/c in both direction , at top and bottom of base slab.

11. Detail of reinforcement :-

 9800

rizontal water

will bend as
moment

N-m

e fixed end
rtia l for
 N-m/m

N-m/m
N-m/m

N
N

bending in

ds (causing
the level of

mm2

rovided at
ve spacing

eel from
constants
 mm2

mm

mm c/c.

mm2

alls where
Similarlly,
1.00
nt on each

rea vertically

mm2

mm2
 DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- Underground Water Tank

#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm c/c
#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm c/c

#REF!
Roof
#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm c/c #REF! mm f @ 0
#REF! mm c/c

4.00 #REF! #REF! mm f @ #REF! 5.00

#REF! mm f @ #REF!

#REF! #REF! mm f @ #REF!

0.00 #REF! mm f @ #REF!

0.00
#REF!

#REF! 6.00 m #REF!

Reinforcement detail for short wall, Roof and bottom slab

#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm c/c

#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm
#REF!
5.00 #REF! mm f @ #REF! mm

#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm c/c

#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm c/c #REF!
#REF! mm f @ #REF! mm

Reinforcement detail for short wall

 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) concrete
Pc (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415)
Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
275 jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500)
Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permissib
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 sct.max

Shear stress tc Reiforcement %

100As 100As V
M-20 M-20
 M-20 M-20
bd bd Degree
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 1
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 1.5
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 2
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 2.5
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 3
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 3.5
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 4
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 4.5
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 5
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 5.5
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 6
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 6.5
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 7
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 7.5
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 8
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 8.5
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 9
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 9.5
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 10
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 10.5
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 11
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 11.5
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 12
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 12.5
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 13
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 13.5
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 14
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 14.5
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 15
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 15.5
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 16
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 16.5
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 17
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 17.5
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 18
0.5 0.30 18.5
0.51 0.30 19
0.52 0.30 19.5
0.53 0.30 20
0.54 0.30 20.5
0.55 0.31 21
0.56 0.31 21.5
0.57 0.31 22
0.58 0.31 22.5
0.59 0.31 23
0.6 0.32 23.5
0.61 0.32 24
0.62 0.32 24.5
0.63 0.32 25
0.64 0.32 25.5
0.65 0.33 26
0.66 0.33 26.5
0.67 0.33 27
0.68 0.33 27.5
0.69 0.33 28
0.7 0.34 28.5
0.71 0.34 29
0.72 0.34 29.5
0.73 0.34 30
0.74 0.34 30.5
0.75 0.35 31
0.76 0.35 31.5
0.77 0.35 32
0.78 0.35 32.5
0.79 0.35 33
0.8 0.35 33.5
0.81 0.35 34
0.82 0.36 34.5
0.83 0.36 35
0.84 0.36 35.5
0.85 0.36 36
0.86 0.36 36.5
0.87 0.36 37
0.88 0.37 37.5
0.89 0.37 38
0.9 0.37 38.5
0.91 0.37 39
0.92 0.37 39.5
0.93 0.37 40
0.94 0.38 40.5
0.95 0.38 41
0.96 0.38 41.5
0.97 0.38 42
0.98 0.38 42.5
0.99 0.38 43
1.00 0.39 43.5
1.01 0.39 44
1.02 0.39 44.5
1.03 0.39 45
1.04 0.39 45.5
1.05 0.39 46
1.06 0.39 46.5
1.07 0.39 47
1.08 0.4 47.5
1.09 0.4 48
1.10 0.4 48.5
1.11 0.4 49
1.12 0.4 49.5
1.13 0.4 50
1.14 0.4 50.5
1.15 0.4 51
1.16 0.41 51.5
1.17 0.41 52
1.18 0.41 52.5
1.19 0.41 53
1.20 0.41 53.5
1.21 0.41 54
1.22 0.41 54.5
1.23 0.41 55
1.24 0.41 55.5
1.25 0.42 56
1.26 0.42 56.5
1.27 0.42 57
1.28 0.42 57.5
1.29 0.42 58
1.30 0.42 58.5
1.31 0.42 59
1.32 0.42 59.5
1.33 0.43 60
1.34 0.43 60.5
1.35 0.43 61
1.36 0.43 61.5
1.37 0.43 62
1.38 0.43 62.5
1.39 0.43 63
1.40 0.43 63.5
1.41 0.44 64
1.42 0.44 64.5
1.43 0.44 65
1.44 0.44 65.5
1.45 0.44 66
1.46 0.44 66.5
1.47 0.44 67
1.48 0.44 67.5
1.49 0.44 68
1.50 0.45 68.5
1.51 0.45 69
1.52 0.45 69.5
1.53 0.45 70
1.54 0.45 70.5
1.55 0.45 71
1.56 0.45 71.5
1.57 0.45 72
1.58 0.45 72.5
1.59 0.45 73
1.60 0.45 73.5
1.61 0.45 74
1.62 0.45 74.5
1.63 0.46 75
1.64 0.46 75.5
1.65 0.46 76
1.66 0.46 76.5
1.67 0.46 77
1.68 0.46 77.5
1.69 0.46 78
1.70 0.46 78.5
1.71 0.46 79
1.72 0.46 79.5
1.73 0.46 80
1.74 0.46 80.5
1.75 0.47 81
1.76 0.47 81.5
1.77 0.47 82
1.78 0.47 82.5
1.79 0.47 83
1.80 0.47 83.5
1.81 0.47 84
1.82 0.47 84.5
1.83 0.47 85
1.84 0.47 85.5
1.85 0.47 86
1.86 0.47 86.5
1.87 0.47 87
1.88 0.48 87.5
1.89 0.48 88
1.90 0.48 88.5
1.91 0.48 89
1.92 0.48 89.5
1.93 0.48 90
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = L d F
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
sct.max 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4

Value of angle
 sin Degree cos tan cot
0.017 1 1.000 0.017 57.295
0.026 1.5 1.000 0.262 56.300
0.035 2 0.999 0.035 28.644
0.044 2.5 0.999 0.044 22.913
0.052 3 0.999 0.052 19.083
0.061 3.5 0.998 0.061 16.362
0.070 4 0.998 0.070 14.311
0.078 4.5 0.997 0.079 12.707
0.087 5 0.996 0.087 11.437
0.096 5.5 0.995 0.096 10.385
0.104 6 0.995 0.105 9.563
0.113 6.5 0.994 0.114 8.777
0.122 7 0.993 0.123 8.149
0.131 7.5 0.991 0.132 7.597
0.139 8 0.990 0.140 7.119
0.148 8.5 0.989 0.149 6.691
0.156 9 0.988 0.158 6.315
0.165 9.5 0.986 0.168 5.963
0.174 10 0.985 0.176 5.673
0.182 10.5 0.983 0.185 5.396
0.191 11 0.981 0.194 5.142
0.199 11.5 0.980 0.203 4.915
0.208 12 0.978 0.213 4.704
0.819 12.5 0.976 0.839 1.192
0.225 13 0.974 0.231 4.332
0.233 13.5 0.972 0.240 4.166
0.242 14 0.970 0.249 4.011
0.250 14.5 0.968 0.259 3.867
0.259 15 0.966 0.268 3.732
0.259 15.5 0.964 0.269 3.723
0.276 16 0.961 0.287 3.488
0.284 16.5 0.959 0.296 3.376
0.292 17 0.956 0.306 3.272
0.301 17.5 0.954 0.315 3.172
0.309 18 0.951 0.325 3.078
0.317 18.5 0.948 0.335 2.989
0.326 19 0.946 0.344 2.905
0.334 19.5 0.943 0.354 2.824
0.342 20 0.940 0.364 2.747
0.350 20.5 0.937 0.374 2.674
0.358 21 0.934 0.384 2.605
0.367 21.5 0.930 0.394 2.539
0.375 22 0.927 0.404 2.475
0.383 22.5 0.924 0.414 2.414
0.391 23 0.921 0.424 2.356
0.399 23.5 0.917 0.435 2.300
0.407 24 0.924 0.440 2.271
0.415 24.5 0.910 0.456 2.194
0.422 25 0.906 0.466 2.148
0.431 25.5 0.905 0.476 2.103
0.438 26 0.898 0.488 2.049
0.446 26.5 0.895 0.499 2.006
0.454 27 0.891 0.510 1.963
0.462 27.5 0.887 0.521 1.921
0.469 28 0.883 0.532 1.881
0.477 28.5 0.879 0.543 1.842
0.485 29 0.875 0.554 1.804
0.492 29.5 0.870 0.566 1.767
0.500 30 0.866 0.577 1.732
0.508 30.5 0.862 0.589 1.698
0.515 31 0.857 0.601 1.664
0.522 31.5 0.853 0.613 1.632
0.530 32 0.848 0.625 1.600
0.537 32.5 0.843 0.637 1.570
0.545 33 0.839 0.649 1.540
0.552 33.5 0.834 0.662 1.511
0.559 34 0.829 0.675 1.483
0.566 34.5 0.834 0.679 1.473
0.573 35 0.819 0.700 1.429
0.581 35.5 0.814 0.713 1.402
0.588 36 0.809 0.726 1.377
0.595 36.5 0.804 0.740 1.351
0.602 37 0.799 0.754 1.327
0.609 37.5 0.793 0.767 1.303
0.616 38 0.788 0.781 1.280
0.623 38.5 0.783 0.795 1.257
0.629 39 0.777 0.810 1.235
0.636 39.5 0.772 0.824 1.213
0.643 40 0.766 0.839 1.191
0.649 40.5 0.760 0.854 1.171
0.656 41 0.755 0.869 1.150
0.663 41.5 0.749 0.885 1.130
0.669 42 0.743 0.900 1.111
0.676 42.5 0.737 0.916 1.091
0.682 43 0.731 0.933 1.072
0.688 43.5 0.725 0.949 1.054
0.695 44 0.719 0.966 1.036
0.701 44.5 0.713 0.983 1.018
0.707 45 0.707 1.000 1.000
0.713 45.5 0.701 1.018 0.983
0.719 46 0.695 1.036 0.966
0.725 46.5 0.688 1.054 0.949
0.731 47 0.682 1.072 0.933
0.737 47.5 0.676 1.091 0.916
0.742 48 0.669 1.109 0.902
0.749 48.5 0.663 1.130 0.885
0.755 49 0.656 1.150 0.869
0.760 49.5 0.649 1.171 0.854
0.766 50 0.643 1.192 0.839
0.772 50.5 0.636 1.213 0.824
0.777 51 0.629 1.235 0.810
0.786 51.5 0.623 1.262 0.792
0.788 52 0.616 1.280 0.781
0.793 52.5 0.609 1.303 0.767
0.799 53 0.602 1.327 0.754
0.804 53.5 0.595 1.351 0.740
0.809 54 0.588 1.376 0.727
0.814 54.5 0.581 1.402 0.713
0.819 55 0.574 1.428 0.700
0.824 55.5 0.566 1.455 0.687
0.829 56 0.559 1.483 0.675
0.834 56.5 0.552 1.511 0.662
0.839 57 0.545 1.540 0.649
0.843 57.5 0.537 1.570 0.637
0.848 58 0.530 1.600 0.625
0.853 58.5 0.522 1.632 0.613
0.857 59 0.515 1.664 0.601
0.862 59.5 0.508 1.698 0.589
0.866 60 0.500 1.732 0.577
0.870 60.5 0.492 1.767 0.566
0.875 61 0.485 1.804 0.554
0.879 61.5 0.477 1.842 0.543
0.883 62 0.470 1.880 0.532
0.887 62.5 0.462 1.921 0.521
0.891 63 0.454 1.963 0.510
0.895 63.5 0.446 2.006 0.498
0.899 64 0.438 2.051 0.488
0.903 64.5 0.431 2.097 0.477
0.906 65 0.423 2.145 0.466
0.910 65.5 0.415 2.195 0.456
0.914 66 0.407 2.246 0.445
0.917 66.5 0.399 2.300 0.435
0.921 67 0.391 2.356 0.424
0.924 67.5 0.383 2.414 0.414
0.927 68 0.375 2.475 0.404
0.930 68.5 0.819 1.136 0.880
0.934 69 0.358 2.605 0.384
0.937 69.5 0.350 2.674 0.374
0.940 70 0.342 2.747 0.364
0.943 70.5 0.556 1.696 0.590
0.946 71 0.326 2.904 0.344
0.948 71.5 0.317 2.989 0.335
0.951 72 0.309 3.078 0.325
0.954 72.5 0.301 3.172 0.315
0.956 73 0.292 3.271 0.306
0.959 73.5 0.284 3.376 0.296
0.961 74 0.276 3.488 0.287
0.964 74.5 0.267 3.606 0.277
0.966 75 0.259 3.732 0.268
0.968 75.5 0.250 3.868 0.259
0.970 76 0.242 4.011 0.249
0.982 76.5 0.233 4.209 0.238
0.974 77 0.225 4.332 0.231
0.976 77.5 0.216 4.511 0.222
0.978 78 0.208 4.705 0.213
0.980 78.5 0.199 4.915 0.203
0.982 79 0.191 5.145 0.194
0.983 79.5 0.182 5.396 0.185
0.985 80 0.174 5.673 0.176
0.986 80.5 0.165 5.977 0.167
0.988 81 0.156 6.315 0.158
0.989 81.5 0.148 6.691 0.149
0.999 82 0.139 7.178 0.139
0.991 82.5 0.131 7.597 0.132
 0.993 83 0.122 8.145 0.123
0.994 83.5 0.113 8.777 0.114
0.995 84 0.105 9.517 0.105
0.995 84.5 0.096 10.389 0.096
0.996 85 0.087 11.431 0.087
0.997 85.5 0.078 12.716 0.079
0.998 86 0.070 14.302 0.070
0.998 86.5 0.061 16.362 0.061
0.999 87 0.052 19.083 0.052
0.999 87.5 0.044 22.913 0.044
0.999 88 0.035 28.637 0.035
1.000 88.5 0.026 38.299 0.026
0.9998 89 0.017 57.295 0.017
0.9999 89.5 0.009 114.931 0.009
1.000 90 0.000 1.000 0.000