DESIGN OF BOX TYPE DRAIN

NAME OF THE WORK :- PROPOSED GOVT MEDICAL COLLEGE AT

VIZIANAGARAM
1 In side diamentions 6.00 m x 3.50 m
2 Super imposed load 500 N/m3
3 Live load 12000 N/m2
4 Wieght of soil 18000 N/m2
5 Angle of repose 30 Degree
6 Nominal cover top / bottom 50 mm Nominal cover side 50 mm
6 Cocrete M- 25 wt. of concrete 25000 kg/m3
scbc 8.5 N/m2 m 11.0
7 Steel 500 Water side sst 190.0 N/m2 sst 190.0 N/m2
8 Thickess of side wall 475 mm thickness of side wall is OK
Thickness of top slab 350 mm O.K.
Thickness of bottom slab 400 mm
9 Reinforcement
Top slab Main 20 mm F @ 125 mm c/c
Distribution 12 mm F @ 150 mm c/c
At supports 12 mm F @ 150 mm c/c
Bottom slab Main 25 mm F @ 125 mm c/c
Distribution 12 mm F @ 150 mm c/c
At supports 12 mm F @ 150 mm c/c Through out slab at bottom

Side vertical wall Vertical 20 mm F @ 100 mm c/c Both side O.K.

Distribution 12 mm F @ 150 mm c/c

20 mm F @ 250 mm c/c
12 mm F @ 150 mm C/C
12 mm F @ 150 mm C/c

350

1200 20 mm F @
20 mm F @ 125 mm C/C
100 mm C/C

3.50

12 mm F @
150 mm C/C

25 mm F @
125 mm c/c

400

25 mm F @ 12 mm F @ 12 mm F @
250 mm c/c 150 mm C/C 150 mm C/c
475 6.00 475
 DESIGN OF BOX TYPE DRAIN
1 In side diamentions 6.00 x 3.50 m
2 Super imposed load 500 N/m3
3 Live load 12000 N/m2
4 Wieght of soil 18000 N/m2 wt. of water 9800 N/m3
5 Angle of repose 30 Degree
6 Nominal cover top/bottom 50 mm Nominal cover Side 50 mm
6 Cocrete M- 25 wt. of concrete 25000 N/m3
scbc 8.5 N/m2 m 11
7 Steel Fy 500 Out side sst 190 N/m2
water side side sst 190 N/m2
1 Solution Genral
For the purpose of design , one metre length of the box is considered.
The analysis is done for the following cases.
(I) Live load, dead load and earth prssure acting , with no water pressure from inside.
(II) Live and dead load on top and earth pressure acting from out side, and water pressure acting from inside,
with no live load on sides
(III) Dead load and earth pressure acting from out side and water pressure from in side.

Let the thicness of Horizontal slab 475 mm = 0.475 m

Vertical wall thicness 350 mm = 0.35 m
Effective slab span 6 + 0.475 = 6.5 m
Effective Height of wall 3.5 + 0.35 = 3.85 m

2 Case 1 : Dead and live load from out side of while no water pressure from inside.
Self weight og top slab = 0.475 x 1 x 1 x 25000 = 11875 N/m2
Live load and dead load = 12000 + 500 = 12500 N/m2
Total load on top = 24375 N/m2
Weight of side wall = 3.85 x 0.35 x 25000 = 33687.5 N/m
\ Upward soil reaction at base = ( 24375 x 6.475 )+( 2x 33687.5 )=
34780.40541 N/m2
6.475
1 - sin 30 1- 0.5 0.5 1
Ka = = = = = 0.333333
1 + sin 30 1+ 0.5 1.5 3
\ Latral pressure due to dead load and live load = Pv x Ka
p = 12500 x 0.3333 = 4166.6666667 N/m2
Latral pressure due to soil Ka x w x h = 0.3333 x 18000 h = 6000 h
Hence total pressure = 4167 + 6000 h
Latral presure intencity at top = 4166.667 N/m2
Latral pressure intencity at bottom = 4167 + 6000 x 3.85 = 27266.66667 N/m2
w = 24375 N/m 2

Fig 1 show the box culvert 4166.67 4166.66666667

frame ABCD, along with the external A E B
loads, Due to symmetry, half of frame
(i.e. AEFD) of box culvert is
considered for moment distribution. h 6.48
Since all the members have uniform 4166.666667 3.85
thickness, and uniform diamentions, 6000 h
the relative stiffness K for AD will be
equal to 1 while the relative stiffness D F C
for AE and DF will be 1/2. 27266.7 4166.66666667 23100
w = 34780.405 N/m2
Fig 1

1 1/2
Distribution factore for AD and DA= = 2/3 Distribution factore for AB and DC= = 1/3
1+1/2 1+1/2
wL2 24375 x 3.85 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -30108.2031 N-m
12 12
wL2 34780 x 3.85 2=
Mfdc= + = 42961.04659 N-m
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + +
12 15
4167 x 3.85 2
+ 23100 x 3.85 3.85
MFAD = + x = 16561 N-m
12 2 15
pL2 WL
MFDA = - -
12 15
 4167 x 3.85- 23100 x
2-
3.85 3.85
MFDA = - x = -5147 -17120 = -22267
12 2 10
The Moment distribution is carried out as illustrate in table
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 22443 24375 22443
42961.047 -22267 16561 -30108 36710

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint D A 46921.875 46921.875
Member DC DA AD AB 36710
22443
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 4167 105300
Fix end moment 42961.047 -22267 16561 -30108 A A
Balance -6898 -13796 9031 4516 22443 1.925
Carry over 4516 -6898
-54390
balance -1505 -3010 4599 2299 3.85 m
Carry over 2299 -1505
balance -766 -1533 1003 502 33509 1.925
Carry over 502 -766 23100 D D
balance -167 -334 511 255 27267 65056 148765
33509
Carry over 255 -167
balance -85 -170 111 56 112602 112602
Carry over 56 -85 65056
balance -19 -37 57 28
Carry over 28 -19 34780
balance -9 -19 12 6 Fig 2
Carry over 6 -9
balance -2 -4 6 3
Final moment 33509 -33509 22443 -22443

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 24375 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 24375 x 3.85 = 46921.875 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 34780 N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 34780.41 x 6.48 = 112601.5625 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.2
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 6.48 ) + 22443 - 33509 + 4166.7 x 6.48 x 6.48 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 23100 x 6.48 x 6.48 x 1/3
-ha x 6.48 + -11066 + 87345.052 + 161413.65625
From which, ha = 36710
Hence , hd =( 4166.7 + 27267 )x 6.48 - 36710 = 65056 N
2
24375 x 6.48 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 127743 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 127743 - 22443 = 105300 N-m
34780.40541 x 6.48 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 182273.78 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 182273.7793 - 33509 = 148765 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
4166.666667 x 6.48 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 23100 x 6.48 2
= 82366.38411
8
33509 + 22443
Net B.M. = = 27976 - 82366.38 = -54390 N-m
2
3 Case 2 : Dead load and live load from out side and water pressure from inside.
In this case , water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and 9800 x 3.85 = 37730 N/m2
At D, is acting, in addition to the pressure
considered in case 1. The various pressures are
w = 24375 N/m2
marked in fig 3 .The vertical walls will thus be
subjected to a net latral pressure of 4166.66667 4166.66666667 4166.666667

Itensity = 4167 N/m2 At the Top A E B 14630

Net latral pressure diagram

And = 27267 - 37730

= -10463 N/m2 at the bottom 6.48
3.85

D F C
27266.6667 27266.6666667 ###
 w = 34780.405 N/m2
Fig 3
wL2 = 24375 x 6.48 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= -85161.4258 N-m
12 12
wL2 34780 x 6.475 2=
Mfdc= = 121515.8529 N-m
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + +
12 10
-10463 x 6.475 2
+ 14630 x 6.475 6.475
MFAD = + x = -5889 N-m
12 2 10
pL2 WL
MFDA = - -
12 15
-10463 x 6.475 2- 14630 x 6.475 6.475
MFDA = - x = 16111 N -m
12 2 15
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 33822 24375 33822
121515.85 16111 -5889 -85161 -7786

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint D A 46921.875 46921.875
Member DC DA AD AB
33822
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 4167 -7786 11341
Fix end moment 121515.85 16111 -5889 -85161 A A
Balance -45876 -91751 60700 30350 33822 1.925
Carry over 30350 -45876
52012
balance -10117 -20233 30584 15292 3.85
Carry over 15292 -10117
balance -5097 -10195 6744 3372 58535 1.925
Carry over 3372 -5097 -10463 D D
balance -1124 -2248 3398 1699 -4336 5907
58535
Carry over 1699 -1124
balance -566 -1133 749 375 66952 66952
Carry over 375 -566 -4336
balance -125 -250 378 189
Carry over 189 -125 34780
balance -63 -126 83 42 Fig 4
Carry over 42 -63
balance -14 -28 42 21
Final moment 58535 -58535 33822 -33822

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 24375 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 24375 x 3.85 = 46921.875 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 34780 N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 34780 x 3.85 = 66952.280405 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.3
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.85 ) + 33822 - 58535 + -10463 x 3.85 x 3.85 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 14630 x 3.85 x 3.85 x 2/3
-ha x 3.85 + -24713 + -77546.38 + 72284.391667
From which, ha = -7786
Hence , hd =( -10463 + 4167 )x 3.85 - -7786 = -4336 N
2
24375 x 3.85 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 45163 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 45163 - 33822 = 11341 N-m
34780 x 3.85 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 64441.57 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 64441.56989 - 58535 = 5907 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
-10463.33333 x 3.85 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 14630 x 3.85 2
= -5833.27135
8
58535 + 33822
Net B.M. = = 46179 - -5833.271 = 52012 N-m
2
4 Case 3 : Dead load and live load on top water pressure from inside no live load on side.
in this case, it is assume that there is no latral oressure due to live load . As before .
The top slab is subjected to a load of '= 24375 N/m2
and the bottom slab is subjected to a load w = 24375 N/m2
Itensity = 34780 N/m 2 166 2/3 166.666666667

Net latral pressure diagram

Lateral pressure due to dead load = A E B 166.666666667

1/3 x 500 = 166 2/3 N/m2

Lateral pressure due to soil = 6.48
1/3 x 18000 = 6000 N/m2 3.85

Hence earth pressure at depth h is =

166 2/3 + 6000 h D F C
23266.6667 23266.6666667 14630
Earth pressure intensity at top = 166.67 N/m2 37730 w= 34780.405 N/m2 37730
Fig 5
Earth pressure intensity at Bottom= 166.67 + 6000 x 3.85 = 23266.66667 N/m2
In addition to these, the vertical wall lslab subjectednto water pressure of intensity ZERO at top and 37730
N/m2 at Bottom, acting from inside . The lateral pressure on vertical walls Is shown in fig 5 and 6

wL2 24375 x 6.48 2=

Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -85161.4258 N-m
12 12
wL2 34780 x 6.475 2=
Mfdc= = 121515.8529 N-m
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + -
12 15
166.67 x 6.475 2
- 14630 x 6.475 6.475
MFAD = + x = -19864 N-m
12 2 15
pL2 WL 582.3 - 20446
MFDA = - +
12 10
166.67 x 2
6.475
- 14630 x 6.475 6.475
MFDA = - x = 30086 N -m
12 2 10
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 26836 24375 26836
121515.85 30086 -19864 -85161 =
The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1
Joint D A 46921.875 46921.875
Member DC DA AD AB
26836
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 167 100907
Fix end moment 121515.85 30086 -19864 -85161 A A
Balance -50534 -101068 70017 35008 26836 1.925
Carry over 35008 -50534
76654
balance -11669 -23339 33689 16845 3.85
Carry over 16845 -11669
balance -5615 -11230 7780 3890 51548 1.925
Carry over 3890 -5615 0D D
balance -1297 -2593 3743 1872 14630 130726
51548
Carry over 1872 -1297
balance -624 -1248 864 432 66952 66952
Carry over 432 -624 15486
balance -144 -288 416 208
Carry over 208 -144 34780
balance -69 -139 96 48 Fig 4
Carry over 48 -69
balance -16 -32 46 23
Final moment 51548 -51548 26836 -26836

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 24375 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 24375 x 3.85 = 46921.875 N
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 34780 N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 34780 x 3.85 = 66952.280405 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.6
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( ha x 3.85 ) + 26836 - 51548 + 166.67 x 3.85 x 3.85 x 1/2
- 1/2 x 14630 x 3.85 x 3.85 x 1/3
 -ha x 3.85 + -24712 + 1235.2083 - 36142
From which, ha = 15486
Hence , hd =( 14630 x 3.85 )- 167 x 3.85 - 15486 = 12035.08333
2
24375 x 6.48 2
=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 127743 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 127743 - 26836 = 100907 N-m
34780 x 6.48 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 182273.78 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 182273.7793 - 51548 = 130726 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
166.6666667 x 6.48 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 14630 x 6.48 2
= 37462.29284
8
51548 + 26836
Net B.M. = = 39192 + 37462.29 = 76654 N-m
2

5 Design of top slab :

Mid section
The top slab is subjected to following values of B.M. and direct force
Case B.M. at Center (E) B.M. at ends (A) Direct force (ha)
(i) 105300 22443 36710
(II) 11341 33822 -7786
(II) 100907 26836 15486

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 105300 N -m

for water side force
sst = = 190 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
scbc = = 8.5 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 11 for water side force
m*c 11 x 8.5
k= = = 0.330 K = 0.330
m*c+sst 11 x 8.5 + 190
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.330 / 3 = 0.890 J = 0.890
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 8.5 x 0.89 x 0.330 = 1.248 R = 1.248
Provide over all thickness = 350 mm so effective thicknesss = 300 mm
Mr = R . B .D2 = 1.248 x 1000 x 300 2
= 112282365 > 105300000 O.K.
105300000 = 2076 mm2
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD=
190 x 0.890 x 300
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm F bars A = = = 314 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars =Ax1000/Ast 314 x 1000 / 2076 = 151 say = 125 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm F Bars @ 125 mm c/c
Acual Ast provided 1000 x 314 / 125 = 2512 mm2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5 = 6.48 / 5 = 1.30 m
0.1 x( 350 - 100 %
Area of distributionn steel = 0.3 - = 0.23
450 - 100
Ast = 0.23 x 350 x 10 = 800 mm2 area on each face= ### mm2
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm F bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 113 x 1000 / 400 = 283 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided ### mm F Bars @ 150 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :-
Maximum B.M.= 33822 N-m. There is direct compression of 36710 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
Since steel is at top sst = 190 N/mm2 concrete M 25
k = 0.3298 J = 0.8901 R = 1.24758
33822000
\ Ast = = 667 mm2
190 x 0.8901 x 300

Area available from the bars bentup from the middle section = 2512 / 2 = 1256 mm2
667 < 1256 Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia. Additional bars @ 200
mm c/c
6 Design of bottom slab:
The bottom slab has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha)
 (i) 148765 33509 65056
(II) 5907 58535 -4336
(II) 130726 51548 12035

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 148765 N -m

for water side force
sst = = 190 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
scbc = = 8.5 N/mm2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 11 for water side force
m*c 11 x 8.5
k= = = 0.330 K = 0.330
m*c+sst 11 x 8.5 + 190
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.330 / 3 = 0.890 J = 0.890
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 8.5 x 0.89 x 0.330 = 1.248 R = 1.248
148764779
\ d = = 346 mm D = 396 mm
1000 x 1.248
Provide thickness of bottom slab D= 400 mm so that d = 350 mm
148764779 = 2513 mm2
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD=
190 x 0.890 x 350
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = = 491 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars =Ax1000/Ast 491 x 1000 / 2513 = 195 say = 190 mm
Hence Provided 25 mm F Bars @ 150 mm c/c
Acual Ast provided 1000 x 491 / 150 = 3271 mm2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5 = 6.48 / 5 = 1.30 m
0.1 x( 400 - 100
Area of distributionn steel = 0.3 - = 0.21 %
450 - 100
Ast = 0.21 x 400 x 10 = 858 mm2 area on each face= 429 mm2
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 113 x 1000 / 429 = 263 say = 260 mm
Hence Provided ### mm F Bars @ 150 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :-
Maximum B.M.= 58535 N-m. There is direct compression of 65056 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
Since steel is at top sst = 190 N/mm2 concrete M 20
k = 0.3298 J = 0.8901 R = 1.24758
58535000
\ Ast = = 989 mm2
190 x 0.8901 x 350
Area available from the bars bentup from the middle section = 3271 / 2 = 1635.417 mm2
Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia. Additional bars @ 200
989 < 1635
mm c/c
Additional reinforcemet required = -646.417 mm2
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 113 x 1000 / -646 = -175 say = -170 mm
Hence Provided ###mm F Bars @ -170 mm c/c throught out the slab, at its bottom.

7 Design of side wall:

The side wall has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha)
(i) -54390 33509 112602
(II) 52012 58535 66952
(II) 76654 51548 66952

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 76654 N -m, and direct force = 112602 N
76654 x 1000
Eccentricity = = 681 mm
112602
proposed thickness of side wall '= 475 mm \ e/D 681 / 475 = 1.433684 < 1.5 OK
thickness of side wall is OK
Let us reinforce the section with 20 mm F bars @ 100 mm c/c provided on both faces, as shown
in fig xxx . With cover of 50 mm and D = 475 mm
1000 3.14 x 20 x 20
Asc = Ast = x = 3140 mm2
100 4
The depth of N.A. is computed from following expression:
 b n D - dt - n + (m - 1)Asc 1 (n - dc)(D - dt- dc)
3 3 n D
= e+ - dt
b n + (m -1) Asc n - dc D - dt - n 2
- m Ast
n n

1000 n n 3140
475 - 50 - + 10 x x n - 50 x -100
or 2 3 n
1000 n+ 3140 3140
10 x x n - 50 - 11 x x 475 - 50 -n
2 n n

n -3140000
500 n 425 - + n - 50 x
3 n
= 681 + 188
31400 34540
500 n+ x n - 50 - x 425 - n
n n

-157000000
212500 n - 167 n2 + -3140000 -
n
= 869
1570000 14679500
500 n + 31400 - - + 34540
n n
multiply by n
212500 n2 - 167 n3 + -3140000 n - -157000000
= 869
500 n2 + 31400 n- 1570000 - 14679500 + 34540 n

212500 n2 - 167 n3 + -3140000 n - -157000000

= 0
434250 n2 + 57268890 n - 14112690750

-221750 n2 - 54128890 n - -13955690750 = 167 n3

-1330.5 n2 + 324773 n - 83734145 = n3

Solwing this trial and error we get, n = 156.93 mm
10 x 3140 11 x 3140
\ c' ( 500 x 156.93 + ( 156.93 - 50 )-
156.93 156.93
x( 475 - 50 - 156.93 )

or 78466 + 200.09 x 106.93 - 220.1 x 268.07 = 40861

112602
\ c' = = 2.76 < 8.5 N/mm2 Stress is less than permissiable
40861
m c' 11 x 2.76
Also stress in steel t = (D-dc-n) = x( 475 - 50 - 156.93 )
n 156.93
= 51.78 N/mm2 < 190 N/mm2 O.K.
Stress in steel is less than permissiable Hence section is O.K.
 Box Drain

20 mm F @ 250 mm c/c
12 mm F @ 150 mm C/C
12 mm F @ 150 mm C/c

350

1200 20 mm F @
20 mm F @ 125 mm C/C
100 mm C/C

3.50

12 mm F @
150 mm C/C

25 mm F @
125 mm c/c

400

25 mm F @ 12 mm F @ 12 mm F @
250 mm c/c 150 mm C/C 150 mm C/c
475 6.00 475
 Table 3.1. Permissi
Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS
100As
Grade of co M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 bd
Tensile < 0.15
stress 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4
N/mm2 0.25
0.50
Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) 0.75
Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for 1.00
Grade of plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
concrete
Bending acbc Direct (acc) 1.25
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2 1.50
M 10 3.0 300 2.5 250 -- -- 1.75
M 15 5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60 2.00
M 20 7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80 2.25
M 25 8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90 2.50
M 30 10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100 2.75
M 35 11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110 3.00 and above
M 40 13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
M 45 14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
M 50 16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140
Over all depth of slab
k
Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO
Grade of co M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Modular ra
Table 3.3. Maxim
31 19 13 11 9 8 7
(31.11) (18.67) (13.33) (10.98) (9.33) (8.11) (7.18) Grade of concrete
tc.max
Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Table 3.4.
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 Grade of concrete M
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13 tbd (N / mm2
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst = Table
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) concrete
Pc (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415)
(c ) sst =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50

Shear stress tc Reiforcement % Value of angle

100As 100As Degree sin cos tan
M-20 M-20
bd bd 10 0.17 0.98 0.18
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 11 0.19 0.98 0.19
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 12 0.21 0.98 0.21
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 13 0.23 0.97 0.23
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 14 0.24 0.97 0.25
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 15 0.26 0.97 0.27
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 16 0.28 0.96 0.29
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 17 0.29 0.96 0.31
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 18 0.31 0.95 0.32
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 19 0.33 0.95 0.34
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 20 0.34 0.94 0.36
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 21 0.36 0.93 0.38
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 22 0.37 0.93 0.40
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 23 0.39 0.92 0.42
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 24 0.41 0.92 0.45
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 25 0.42 0.91 0.47
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 30 0.50 0.87 0.58
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 35 0.57 0.82 0.70
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 40 0.64 0.77 0.84
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 45 0.71 0.71 1.00
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 50 0.77 0.64 1.19
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 55 0.82 0.57 1.43
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 60 0.87 0.50 1.73
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 65 0.91 0.42 2.14
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30
0.55 0.31
0.56 0.31
0.57 0.31
0.58 0.31
0.59 0.31
0.6 0.32
0.61 0.32
0.62 0.32
0.63 0.32
0.64 0.32
0.65 0.33
0.66 0.33
0.67 0.33
0.68 0.33
0.69 0.33
0.7 0.34
0.71 0.34
0.72 0.34
0.73 0.34
0.74 0.34
0.75 0.35
0.76 0.35
0.77 0.35
0.78 0.35
0.79 0.35
0.8 0.35
0.81 0.35
0.82 0.36
0.83 0.36
0.84 0.36
0.85 0.36
0.86 0.36
0.87 0.36
0.88 0.37
0.89 0.37
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table tc in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tc N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab 300 or more 275 250 225 200 175 150 or less
k 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = L d F
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
 1.4 25 2.24 26

Value of angle
tan Degree sin cos
0.18 10 0.17 0.98
0.19 11 0.19 0.98
0.21 12 0.21 0.98
0.23 13 0.23 0.97
0.25 14 0.24 0.97
0.27 15 0.26 0.97
0.29 16 0.28 0.96
0.31 17 0.29 0.96
0.32 18 0.31 0.95
0.34 19 0.33 0.95
0.36 20 0.34 0.94
0.38 21 0.36 0.93
0.40 22 0.37 0.93
0.42 23 0.39 0.92
0.45 24 0.41 0.92
0.47 25 0.42 0.91
0.58 30 0.50 0.87
0.70 35 0.57 0.82
0.84 40 0.64 0.77
1.00 45 0.71 0.71
1.19 50 0.77 0.64
1.43 55 0.82 0.57
1.73 60 0.87 0.50
2.14 65 0.91 0.42