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Fungsi
Bentuk
Bahan
Waktu tinggal
Kondisi Operasi : Suhu : 60 C
Tekanan : 1 atm
k = 0.0575 m-1
CAO = 1.4008537E-05 kmol/jam
XA = 0.9
(-rA )
= 0.002641430636
jam
m3 d= 1.62327 m
jam
m3 d= 1.418057 m
jam
m3 d= 1.28839 m
jam
m3 d= 1.196035 m
jam
m3 d= 1.125512 m
Optimasi Jumlah Reaktor
k= 0.0575 s-1
CA0 = 0.000014 kmol/jam
XA = 0.9
Fv = 3279.2806 L/jam
M= 20
Kondisi Operasi
P= 1 atm = 14.7 lb/in2
Dipilih bahan Carbon Steel, 50 lb/in 2
Di dapat = Basis Harga pada volume 3000 gallon = 70000 $ (Timmerhaus, Fig 16-35, Page 731)
Cost A = 148267.3202461 $
120000.00
Total ($)
100000.00
80000.00
120000.00
80000.00
60000.00
40000.00
20000.00
0.00
1 2 3 4 5
Jumlah Reaktor
Fig 16-35, Page 731)
Volume cairan dalam Reaktor
Vcairan = 2259.90 gallon
= 8554.65 L
8.55 m
3
=
302.10 ft
3
=
Vreaktor = 1.3469 D3
362.525329940814 = 1.3469 D3
D = 6.45655717474724 ft = 77.47869 in = 1.967958627 m
r = 3.22827858737362 ft = 38.73934 in = 0.983979313 m
H = 9.68483576212086 ft = 116.218 in = 2.95193794 m
dipilih carbon steel karena suhu operasi, tekanan sesuai dengan bahan
𝑡_𝑠 = (𝑃.𝑟_𝑖)/(𝑓.𝐸 −0.6𝑃) + C
Diamana :
ts = Tebal dinding shell, in
P = Tekanan design (Poperasi x 1.2) = 17.64 psi
ri = Jari-jari reaktor = 38.73934 in
E = Effisiensi sambungan las = 0.85
f = Tekanan maksimal yang diizinkan = 12650 psi
C = Korosi yang diizinkan = 0.125 in
Maka
ts = 0.19
Digunakan tebal shell standart = 0.31 (Brownell & Young, table 5.7)
IDshell = 77.48 in
ODshell = IDshell + 2ts = 78.10 in
OD standar = 84 in 2.1336 m
ID = 83.38 in 2.117725 m 6.947917 ft
rc = 84 in 2.1336 m
irc = 5.13 in 0.130175 m
Tebal Head dihitung dengan persamaan berikut :
𝑡= (0.885 𝑃 𝑟_𝑐)/
(𝑓 𝐸 −0.1 𝑃) +𝐶
t= 0.12
t head standar = 5/16 in = 0.31 in
Ukuran Head
a = ID/2 = 41.69 in
AB = a-irc = 36.56 in
BC = rc-irc = 78.88 in
AC = √BC2 - AB2 = 69.89 in
b = rc - AC = 14.11 in
Sf (straight of flage) = 2.25 in = 0.06 m (Table 5.8 Page 93, Brownell & Young)
Jadi tinggi head total
AO = Sf + b + t head = 16.67 in = 0.42 m
Volume head total (V head) = Volume head (Vh) + Volume Flange (Vsf)
Volume sebuah head untuk Torispherical dished head adalah :
Vh = 0.000049 ID3 (Eq 5-11 Page 88, Brownell & Young)
= 28.3990374746094 ft
3=
0.80417 m
3
Vsf = (π/4)ID2 sf
= 0.20119862970627 m
3
𝑉_ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑= 𝑉_ℎ+𝑉_𝑠𝑓
V head = 1.01 m
3
V shell (Vs) = Volume design - 2 Volume head total
= 8.25 m
3
Pengaduk Reaktor
Komponen C, kmol/jam m, kg/jam xi (%) ρ (kg/L) µ (cp) Fv (L/Jam) ln µi
Trigliserida 1.50 1389.69 0.504 0.92 6.64 1513.82 1.89
FFA 0.14 42.62 0.015 0.28 6.64 151.15 1.89
CH3OH 27.45 879.45 0.319 0.79 0.71 1111.82 -0.34
HCl 0.09 3.15 0.001 1.19 0.06 2.64 -2.77
RCOOHCH3 1.29 401.76 0.146 0.88 3.45 456.54 1.24
H2O 2.38 42.84 0.016 1.00 0.47 42.84 -0.76
TOTAL 32.85 2759.51 1.000 5.06 17.97 3278.82 1.15
ln µ = Ʃxi ln µi = 1.040
µ= 2.82966715023177 cp = 0.00190144860527409 lb/ft s = 6.845215 lb/ft hr
ρ= 0.864 kg/L = 53.92230148934 lb/ft3
Jenis = flat blade turbin impeller, 6 buah blade, 4 buah baffle
Diketahui :
Dt = 2.12 m
𝐷_𝑡⁄𝐷_𝑖 =3
Zi = 0.92 m
𝑊⁄𝐷_𝑖 =0.17
W = 0.12 m
𝐿⁄𝐷_𝑖 =0.25
L = 0.18 m
Dimana :
WELH : Water Equipment Liquid Height
Di : Diameter Pengaduk (ft)
N : Kecepatan putaran pengaduk (rpm)
H : Tinggi pengaduk (ft)
𝑊𝐸𝐿𝐻=𝑍𝐿 × (𝜌_𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛⁄𝜌_𝑎𝑖𝑟 )
Kecepatan Pengaduk Standart yang digunakan adalah 100 rpm = 1.666666667 rps
Nre = 2535.12446776775
Np = 3.8
Pa Np Ni 3 Di 5
Pa = 26635488257.41 gr.cm2/s3
= 2.66354882574065 kWH
effisiensi = 80%
3.32943603217581 Hp
Power Standar 5 Hp
keliling 12.16078 m
tinggi 35.89788 m
Luas selimut
-112.1021 m2
∆H1
T1 = 60 ˚C ∆HR
Menghitung ΔHR
komponen kmol ∆Hf (kj/mol) ∆Hf reaktan (kj)
FFA 1.29338482711082 -714.33 -923899.05670318
R-COOCH3 1.29338482711082 -633.76
CH3OH 1.29338482711082 -201.17 -260190.22566988
H2O 1.29338482711082 -285.84
Total -1184089.2823731
Overall heat balance :
Q = -5312.57817735779 + 102855.27090327
Q = -5616.56 kj
5616.55964573544
Neraca Panas Total di reaktor
Panas Masuk (kkal/jam) Panas Keluar (kkal/jam)
∆H1 17435.9595520976
∆H2 85723.2928195497
∆H3 102855.27090327
∆HR -5312.57817735779
Q 5616.55964573544
Total = 103159.252371647 103159.252371647
Input Output
Komponen
Q1 (Kj/jam) Q2 (Kj/jam) Q (Kj/jam)
RCOOHCH3 4892.69452531436
H2O 1761.47356444666 1083.15049295644 6236.59842796082
Trigliserida 10348.8593627661 10348.8593627661
HCl 293.777840963034 293.777840963034
CH3OH 84346.3644856302 80550.7780837768
FFA 5325.62662488486 532.562662488486
Reaksi -5312.5781773578
Pendingin 5616.55964573544
TOTAL 103159.252371647 103159.252371647
∆H2
T2 = 60 ˚C
∆H3
T3 = 60 ˚C
∆H (Kj/jam)
1761.47
10348.86
5325.63
17435.96
∆H (Kj/jam)
84346.36
1083.15
293.78
85723.29 103159.25
∆H (Kj/jam)
4892.69
6236.60
293.78
80550.78
10348.86
532.56
102855.27
-819700.74156906
-369701.11898136
-1189401.8605504
ΔHR -5312.58
- 103159.252372
PERANCANGAN JAKET PENDINGIN
digunakan media pendingin berupa air
REAKTOR
suhu air masuk = 30 C
o
= 86
suhu air keluar = 50 C
o
= 122
∆T = 20 C
o
= 68
T rata-rata = 40 C
o
= 104
Q
Wt
Cp.T
Wt
Qv
air
Qv = 0.001 m /detik
3
(T 2 t 1 ) (T1 t 2 )
T LMTD
(T t 1 )
ln 2
(T1 t 2 )
∆TLMTD= 32.76861215857 F
o
Q
A
U D .TLMTD
untuk sistem heavy organic-water kisaran UD = 5-75 (Kern, 1950, Tabel 8 page 840)
dipilih UD = 75 btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q= 1341.492243489 kcal/jam
5319.911292708 btu/jam
A= 2.164637007701 ft
2
0.201101358512 m
2
Jarak antara dinding luar tangki dan dinding bagian dalam jaket (jw) diambil =
ID=diameter dalam jaket = OD tangki + 2.jw
ID = 88
P.ri
t C
f.E - 0.6P
tmin = 0.20 in
t shell standar = 0.31 in
0.31 in 0.0079375 m
0.79375 cm
OD = ID + 2t
OD = 88.625 in
dari tabel 5,7 (Brownell,1959), untuk OD standar maka diambil OD terdekat yaitu:
OD = 90 in 2.286 m
standarisasi dari table 5.7 Brownell & Young, hal. 90, didapat :
OD = 90 in icr = 5.500
rc = 90
ID = OD - 2t
= 89.375 in 2.270125 m
7.44791666666667 ft
P.D
th C
2. f .E 0,2.P
De = 101.91666666667 in = 8.49305215833333 ft
Menghitung ho
ρ air = 1000.0000 kg/m3 = 62.4280 lb/ft3
µ air = 0.1826 cP = 0.4418 lb/ft.j
Gt = kecepatan aliran massa / luas penampang
Gt = W / A = 27.00236508625 lb/ft2.j
v = Gt / ρ = 0.4325364001363 ft/jam = 0.0000 m/s = 0.0001
Jadi kecepatan pendingin yang digunakan masih dalam batasan
ID.Gt 455.2588886567
Ret =
μ
Untuk suhu 40°C (104°F), Ret = 455.2588886567
1
0 ,14
sehingga diperoleh : k Cp 3
ho = 139.72463378423 0.03411224415 1 ho j H
De k w
4.7663208213781 Btu/ft .j.°F
2
Menghitung clean overall coefficient (Uc) dan designed overall coefficient (Ud)
1/Ud = Rd + (1/Uc)
1/Ud = 0.284528675297
Ud = 3.5146 Btu/jam ft^2 F
1
hd
Rd
1
hd
Rd
hd= 500
Dari fig. 11.42 Perry, 1984 untuk range suhu 0°F- 300°F digunakan isolasi polyisocyanu
Pertimbangan lain digunakannya isolasi polyisocyanurate.
1. Bahan ini dapat digunakan untuk range suhu 0° - 900° F.
dinding jaket
60oC 50oC
isolator
dengan :
3 2
.ρ f . .g c .ΔΔ Gr = bilangan Grashoff
Gr 2 Pr = bilangan Prandtl
μf
2
3 .ρ f . .g c .ΔΔ
Gr 2
μf
Ra = bilangan Rayleigh
Cpf.μ f
Ρr Raf = Gr * Pr (Holmann, 1986)
kf
cek ℓ
35 1.1470E-01
1
Gr 4 11.9999996342
ID
ID L35
karena 1
maka asumsi ℓ = L dapat digunakan
L Gr 4
Pr = 0.74
Raf = 6.43E+09 > 1E+09
sehingga :
hc = 0.19 (Δt)1/3
hc = 0.50 Btu/ft2.hr.°F
Perpindahan panas karena radiasi dapat diabaikan krn suhu dinding reaktor kecil (50 C)
ID = 89.3750 in 7.44791666666667 ft
OD = 90 in 7.5 ft
T1 = 60 °C 140 °F
T2 = 50 °C 122 °F
Pr = 0.70 2
3 .ρ f . .g c .ΔΔ
Gr = 5.81E+10 Gr 2
μf
Raf = 4E+10
Cpf.μ f
Ρr
kf
maka :
hc = 0.19 (Δt)1/3
hc = 0.57 Btu/lb°F
q konveksi = hc.π.OD.L.ΔT
q konveksi = 2385.67 Btu/jam
Sehingga didapatkan panas yang hilang sebelum dinding reaktor diisolasi
sebesar 2385.67 Btu/jam
5616.55964574 kj/jam
10112.8668444 lb/jam
= 140 F
o
= 140 F
o
= 86 F
o
= 122 F
o
2 in
0.0508 m
5.08 cm
in
in
Tinggi jaket = 2.4393 m
H= 1.5 *D
H= 134.0625 in
ft2
CH3OH 879.449947042273
FFA 42.6236406868623
2759.50550448435
6.95 ft
53.92 lb/ft³
0.57 Btu/lb.°F
0.58 ft
4322.01 rph
0.21 Btu/j.ft²(°F/ft)
6.85 lb/ft.hr
ft
ft
ft/s
1
0 ,14
p
3
k w
nakan isolasi polyisocyanurate. Data Sifat-sifat udara pada Tf = 313 K ( tabel
ρf (kg/m³)
350
313
0.9950249 x
37 = 0.995024875621891
o
C 313 K 50 -0.166415310208539
-6.157366 = 49.7512437810945
-55.90861 = .- 50x
x = 1.11817220517621
ρf = 1.11817220517621
gc = 32.2 (ft/s2)
4.17E+08 ft/hr2
Gr = bilangan Grashoff
r = bilangan Prandtl
a = bilangan Rayleigh
Holmann, 1986)
(Holman,1986)
Btu/j.ft.F.
o
C = 318 K
ρf (kg/m³)
400
318
0.8710801 x
82 = 0.8710801394
50 -0.123944736221891
-10.16347 = 43.55400697
-53.71748 = .- 50x
x = 1.0743495068039
ρf = 1.0743495068039
Cp kcal/kgC xi xi Cp k xi k
0.5043 0.14559045498 0.0734212664471 0.104 0.0106894
1 0.0155250574 0.015525057401 0.381 0.000241
0.5258 0.50359947998 0.2647926065745 0.0925 0.1333494
0.3633 0.00114050739 0.0004143463337 0.92 4.726E-07
0.6656 0.31869838477 0.2121256449027 0.154 0.0676041
0.5286 0.01544611548 0.0081648166421 0.0925 0.0001261
3.5876 1 0.5744437383012 kcal/kg C 1.744 0.2120106
Cp= 0.5744437383012 btu/lb F
fat udara pada Tf = 313 K ( tabel 2-229, Perry, 1984 )
313
300 300
1.16144018583 1.009 x 1.077 2.0800E-05
-x 37 = 1.009 - x 37
50 -0.068 50
.- 50x -2.516 = 50.45 .- 50x 8.5100E-05
-52.966 = .- 50x -0.0009549
(kg/m³) x = 1.05932 kJ/kg.K x
cpf (kJ/kg.K)
400
318
350 350
0.995024875622 1.014 x 1.009
-x 82 = 1.014 - x
.123944736221891 50 0.0050000000000001
.- 50x 0.41 = 50.7 .- 50x
-50.29 = .- 50x
(kg/m³) x = 1.0058 kJ/kg.K
313 313
300
x 1.8500E-05 0.0301 x
= 2.0800E-05 - x 37 = 0.0301
2.3000E-06 50 0.0038
= 1.0400E-03 .- 50x 0.1406 = 1.505
= .- 50x -1.3644 = .- 50x
= 0.000019098 Pa.s x = 0.027288
318 318
350
2.3000E-05 x 2.0800E-05 0.0336 x
82 = 2.3000E-05 - x 82 =
50 2.2000E-06 50
1.8040E-04 = 1.1500E-03 .- 50x 0.287 =
-0.0009696 = .- 50x -1.393 =
x = 0.000019392 Pa.s x =
µf = 0.000019392 Pa.s kf =
300
0.0263
-x
0.0038
.- 50x
W/m.K
W/m.K
350
0.0301
0.0336 - x
0.0035
1.68 .- 50x
.- 50x
0.02786 W/m.K
0.02786 W/m.K