GENDER AND SOCIETY
CULTURE AND RATIONALITIES
MS. ALBINO MY BELOVED | SEPTEMBER 26, 2022
CULTURE
⚫ Takes the place of Instinct
⚫ System of symbols that allow people to give
meaning to experience.
⚫ Accumulated knowledge of people coded into
symbols that help them interpret and respond
to situations.
MALLEABILITY OF CULTURE
Malleability – The capability of being shaped
Culture change when its system of meaning no
longer serves human development or dynamic.
Unlike Instinct (Instinct is genetically coded), culture
is the versatile system humans adapt to.
GENDER AND HOME
Home is the very first place where children are
socialized into gender norms, values, and
stereotypes.
From the moment you are born, their assigned sex
(Male or Female) immediately begins to shape how
they should be treated, what opportunities they
should receive or how they should behave.
TYPES OF FAMILY
What constitutes a family varies across the globe
depending on a variety of factors including
subsistence practices and economic behaviors.
GENSOC | TRANSCRIBED BY: TAPUSOK, DELVRANDOU JOSE Q.
1. Nuclear Family
- The conjugal family; family of procreation
- Comprised of Married partners and their
offspring.
2. Extended Family
- Includes at least 3 generations
- Grandparents + Married Partner +
Children/Grandchildren
3. Joint Family
- Composed of sets of siblings, spouses of
siblings, and their dependent children.
4. Blended Family
- When divorced/widowed parents who have
children remarry.
5. Family By Choice
- Family not recognized by the legal system.
- Adopted children, live-in partners, kin of each
member of the household, close friends.
CONCEPTS OF FAMILY
⚫ Family is a constitution.
⚫ Family genders its members.
⚫ Society expects children in the family to follow
gender norms.
⚫ Parents influence identity even before child is
born.
⚫ Family defines obligations that group members
have to one another, both economically and
socially.
GENDERED ROLES IN THE FAMILY
Gender shapes a large part of children’s identity
development, the way they view the world, and
influences the way they are talked to, the way they
are parented, the opportunities they are provided
with, and people’s reaction to certain behaviors,
hobbies, interests, and play styles.
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GENDER AND SOCIETY

In most of the societies, the family systems are
based on the gender roles and it is the pre-designed
gender roles that help members of the family to run
the family with bound responsibilities.
Most family systems in the world follows Patriarchy.
Patriarchy – Social system in which men hold
primary power and predominate in roles of political
leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and
control of property.
TRADITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN
PATRIARCHAL FAMILY:
GENDER EXPRESSIONS INFLUENCED BY THE
FAMILY
⚫ Toys, games, and sports.
⚫ Clothing or hairstyle
⚫ Preferred name or nickname
⚫ Social behavior that reflects varying degrees of
aggression, dominance, dependency, and
gentleness.
⚫ Manner and style of behavior and physical
gestures and other nonverbal actions identified
as masculine or feminine.
⚫ Social relationships, including the gender of
friends, and the people he or she decides to
imitate.

1. Men have power over women. Because of the strong influence of parents on
2. Fathers are the providers. gender role socialization, those parents who wish to
3. Fathers are the authority figures. be gender fair and encourage the best in both their
4. Mothers are the caretakers. sons and daughters would do well to adopt neutral
5. Mothers have the primary responsibility on role orientation and encourage the same in their
parental decisions. children.

WAYES GENDER IS INTRODUCED TO A CHILD GENDER AND RELIGION

BY THE FAMILY

1. Parent-child interactions Gender concerns have immense significance in

2. Role-modeling
3. Reinforcement for desired behaviors
4. Parental approval or disapproval
The social impacts of imposing gender roles on
children become evident very early in life and usually
follow the child as they continue their development.
The first major exposure to gender roles typically
comes from a child’s parents.
contemporary culture as they are part of the
international political and social agenda of most
countries in the world. Critical gender perspectives
have made a significant difference to most academic
fields, including the study of religion.
The symbolic order and institutional structures
created by religions have deeply affected and
inspired human existence over millennia. Their
abiding importance is too great not to be affected by
the transformations caused by the emergence of
critical gender awareness as a genuinely new
development in the history of human consciousness.

PT-CARE | TRANSCRIBED BY: Dela Cerna, Eowyn

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GENDER AND SOCIETY
GENDER OF THE GODS
1. Hebrew – God is imagined in male terms
2. Christianity – God is incarnated as a human man.
3. Hinduism – Most Hindus focus upon God in
neutral form.
4. Islam – Allah is often most referred as him.
5. Sikhism – God is usually referred as Father.
Although religions state that men and women are
equal, many religions and denominations continue to
treat each gender differently. Religion’s constitutive
contribution to power relations within society is best
understood by viewing religion itself as a system of
power.
MALE AND FEMALE ROLES IN RELIGION
⚫ Some leadership roles still restricted to males
⚫ Religion provides the structure on how women
should live their day-to-day lives
⚫ God is traditionally portrayed as a masculine
figure
⚫ Sex segregation is still present
⚫ Religious texts and practices are patriarchal
⚫ Protocols are more strictly applied to women.
HOW EACH GENDER TREATS RELIGION
⚫ Among Christians, women attend religious
services more often, but among Muslims and
Orthodox Jews, men attend more often.
⚫ Globally, women somewhat more likely to
affiliate with a religious faith.
⚫ Generally, more women than men pray daily.
⚫ Religion is equally or more important to women
than to men. Women and men about equally
likely to believe in heaven, hell and angels.
⚫ By way of symbolic and material practices
religion can reinforce existing gendered
distributions of power or try to change them.
PT-CARE | TRANSCRIBED BY: Dela Cerna, Eowyn
RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS ON GENDER ISSUES
Abortion
In many religions, abortion is considered immoral.
The Catholic Church recognizes conception as the
beginning of a human life; thus abortion is prohibited
under all circumstances. In Hinduism, it is a woman’s
human duty to produce offspring.
Homosexuality
It is expressly forbidden in many religions. Christian
denominations hold a variety of views on the issue
of homosexual activity, ranging from outright
condemnation to complete acceptance. Many Hindu
sects have taken various positions on homosexuality,
ranging from positive to neutral or antagonistic. In
conservative Islamic nations, law generally prohibit
same-sex sexual behavior and carries death penalty.
Transgender Identities
Pagan religions place an emphasis on female divine
energy which is manifested as The Goddess so the
consensus is unclear. Treatment of transgender
men took on new dimensions over time- persecuted
in some while celebrated in some.
MICROAGGRESSION
Microaggression are the hostile, derogatory, and
negative racial slights and insults that can cause
potentially harmful or unpleasant psychological
impacts on the target person or group.
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GENDER AND SOCIETY

VIOLENT SOCIAL CONTROL

Examples:

- Girls are teased “tomboy” for engaging in

sports.
- Men are told they’re acting like girls.
- Regarding homosexuality as “hunahuna” or
one’s mindset.
- Boys are teased “bakla” for engaging in
culturally feminine activities.

PT-CARE | TRANSCRIBED BY: Dela Cerna, Eowyn

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