UMAIR AHMAD ROLL # 23

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q#1: Define bagasse?
Bagasse refers to the fibrous residue that remains after sugarcane or
other stalks have been crushed to extract the juice. Bagasse is a
byproduct of the sugar-making process.
Q#2: Differentiate b/w imbibition and maceration.
Imbibition involves the absorption of water by a dry plant material.
Maceration involves soaking a plant material in water or other liquids
to soften or break it down.
Q#3: Define clarified juice.
Clarified juice refers to a liquid that has been processed to remove
impurities and suspended particles, resulting in a clear, transparent
liquid.
Q#4: Define massecuite.
Massecuite is a term used in the sugar-making process to refer to a
mixture of sugar crystals and syrup that forms during the crystallization
stage.
Q#5: Define syrup.
Syrup is a thick, sweet liquid that is commonly used as a sweetener or
flavoring in food and beverages. It is typically made by dissolving sugar
in water and heating the mixture to form a thick, viscous liquid.
Q#6: Define defecation.
In the context of sugar-making, defecation refers to the process of
removing impurities from sugarcane juice or syrup by adding a
coagulant or clarifying agent and then allowing the mixture to settle.

Q#7: Define DCDS.

DCDS stands for "Double Carbonation Double Sulphitation". It is a
process used in the sugar-making industry to refine raw sugar into a
high-quality crystalline product with a low moisture content and a light
color.
Q#8: Define molasses.
Molasses is thick, dark, viscous syrup that is a byproduct of the sugar-
making process. It is produced from sugarcane or sugar beet juice that
has been boiled and concentrated to remove the sugar crystals.
Q#9: Define Brix.
Brix is a measure of the sugar content of a liquid, such as fruit juice or
syrup. It is expressed as a percentage by weight of sucrose in the liquid.
Q#10: Define Ash.
Ash is typically composed of mineral compounds, such as calcium,
magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus, as well as trace amounts of
other elements, such as iron, zinc, and copper.
Q#11: Define unit operation.
A unit operation is a physical or chemical process that is used in the
production or processing of a chemical, food, or other material.
Q#12: which machines are used in juice Clarification process?
Several types of machines are used in the juice clarification process,
depending on the specific method and scale of production. Here are
some examples:
1. Juice Clarifiers.
2. Filters.
3. Ultrafiltration Systems.
Q#13: What is difference b/w sugar beef and Sugar cane juice
extraction?
Sugar beet is a root crop that is processed to extract sugar.
Sugar cane is a tall grass that is grown in tropical and subtropical
regions.
Q#14: Define evaporation.
Evaporation is a process in which a liquid, such as water, changes from
a liquid state to a gas or vapor state at a temperature below its boiling
point.
Q#15: How many type of evaporators are used in sugar
manufacturing?
There are several types of evaporators used in sugar manufacturing.
Here are some examples:
1. Batch or discontinuous evaporators.
2. Falling film evaporators.
3. Rising film evaporators.
Q#16: Enlist factors effecting evaporation.
The rate of evaporation can be influenced by several factors, including:
1. Temperature
2. Surface area
3. Humidity
4. Pressure
Q#17: define crystallization.
Crystallization is the process by which sugar is extracted from the
concentrated syrup produced during the evaporation of sugar cane
juice.
Q#18: D/f b/w stages of crystallization.
The crystallization process in sugar manufacturing is typically divided
into two main stages: nucleation and crystal growth.
Nucleation is the initial stage of the crystallization process, where small
sugar crystals are formed in the syrup.
Crystal growth stage, the syrup is then further cooled and stirred to
encourage crystal growth.

Q#19: Enlist unit operations involving in sugar manufacturing.

i) Harvesting of sugar cane. vii) Drying
ii) Washing & Initial step. viii) Packaging
iii) Juice Extraction
iv) Purification of juice
v) Crystallization.
vi) Centrifugation.
Q#20: How sugar clarification process is performed?
Sugar clarification is a process that is used to remove impurities and
suspended solids from sugar cane juice or sugar beet juice. The process
typically involves several steps, including:
1. Heating the juice
2. Adding coagulants
3. Skimming
4. Filtering
5. Carbonation