Exercise 1.

Name: Jenica Mae Lacsamana Score: _________

Class Schedule: 7:30-10:30 Date: 02/27/23

I. Matching Type. Match the scientists in column A with their contributions in column B. Write the letter of
the best answer before the number. NO ERASURES.

Column A Column B

G___ 1. Wilhelm Roentgen a. discovered oxygen

F_____ 2. Dmitri Mendeleev
B___ 3. Friedrich Woehler
A____ 4. Joseph Priestly
C_____ 5. Henry Cavendish
E_____ 6. John Dalton
H_____ 7. Antoine Lavoiser
J_____ 8. Aristotle
I_____ 9. Ernest Rutherford
D_____ 10. Robert Boyle
b. made urea in the test tube
c. discovered hydrogen
d. relationship bet. gas and pressure
e. proponent of the atomic theory
f. arranged elements in the periodic table
g. discovered x-rays
h. Father of modern chemistry
i. discovered proton
j. everything is composed of four elements

II. Define the following branches of chemistry.

1. Organic chemistry = is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation
of carbon-containing compounds.

2. Inorganic chemistry = is concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, which
include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds.

3. Biochemistry = the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes and
substances that occur within living organisms.

4. Physical chemistry = the branch of chemistry concerned with the application of the techniques and
theories of physics to the study of chemical systems.____________________

Exercise 1.2

Name: Jenica Mae Lacsamana Score: ____

Class Schedule: 7:30-10:30
Date: 02/27/23

I. Explain the following.

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Atomic theory = Atomic theory states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms, as
opposed to the obsolete notion that matter could be divided into any arbitrarily small quantity. It began as
a philosophical concept in ancient Greece (Democritus) and India and entered the scientific mainstream
in the early 19th century.

2. Phlogiston theory = Phlogiston theory states that phlogisticated substances contain phlogiston and that
they dephlogisticate when burned, releasing stored phlogiston which is absorbed by the air. Growing
plants then absorb this phlogiston, which is why air does not spontaneously combust and also why plant
matter burns as well as it does.

II. Write down other scientist and their contributions in the field of chemistry. (Do not include the one
found in your book).

1. John Dalton (1766–1844) = Proponent of the Concept of the Atom

2. Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932 = High Priest of Physical Chemistry

3. Alfred Werner (1866–1919) = Inorganic Kekule

4. Marie and Pierre Curie = discovered the radioactive elements polonium

5. Amedeo Avogadro = formulated Avogadro's law

6. Lawrence Bragg = Discovered how to locate the positions of atoms in solids using X-ray
diffraction, enabling scientists to build 3D models of the atomic arrangements in solids.

7. Robert Boyle 1627 – 1691 = Transformed chemistry from a field bogged down in alchemy and
mysticism into one based on measurement.

8. Jacob Berzelius 1779 – 1848 = A founder of modern chemistry: the first person to measure accurate
atomic weights for the chemical elements; discovered three elements: cerium, thorium, and selenium;
devised the modern symbols for elements; described how chemical bonds form by electrostatic attraction.

9. Hennig Brand 1630 – 1710 = Discovered phosphorus, becoming the first named
person in history to discover a chemical element.

10. Erwin Chargaff 1905 – 2002 = Chargaff’s rules paved the way to the discovery of DNA’s structure.

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Chapter 1: Introduction