PHYSICAL SCIENCE

MIDTERM EXAM 2nd SEM

MARIKRIS CADIENTE
12 ABM

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. B 9. C
10. B
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.C
16.D
17.B
18.A
19.B
20.B

B. Answer the following question briefly:

1. Are any element synthetic?

All elements with atomic numbers 1 through 94 occur naturally at least in trace
quantities, but the following elements are often produced through synthesis.
Technetium, promethium, astatine, neptunium, and plutonium were discovered
through synthesis before being found in nature.
 2. What are the characteristics of synthetic elements?

Synthetic elements are elements that have been created in a laboratory by

artificial means. Synthetic elements are very unstable and have few commercial
purposes. They decay into other elements in a fraction of a second. Most are
created purely for research and experiment.

3. What is the difference between natural and synthetic elements?

The difference between a synthetic element and a natural element is that natural
elements can be found naturally occuring in the universe, whereas synthetic
elements have to be synthesized/made by humans to get access to that element.

4. Where are synthetic elements made?

A synthetic element is one of 24 known chemical elements that do not occur

naturally on Earth: they have been created by human manipulation of
fundamental particles in a nuclear reactor, a particle accelerator, or the explosion
of an atomic bomb; thus, they are called “synthetic”, “artificial”, or “man-made”.

5. What are synthetic elements used for?

Synthetic elements are elements that have been created in a laboratory by

artificial means. Synthetic elements are very unstable and have few commercial
purposes. They decay into other elements in a fraction of a second. Most are
created purely for research and experiment.

C. Tell the facts about the following terms and names:

A. Robert Boyle
- Robert Boyle FRS was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist,
physicist, and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first
modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern
chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental
scientific method.
B. Corpuscles
-

C. Antoine Lavoisier
- Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in
combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen
(1783), and opposed the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped
construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of
elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature.

D. Chemical Element
- In chemistry, an element is a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all
have the same numbers of protons in their nuclei. Unlike chemical
compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by any chemical reaction.

E. John Dalton
- John Dalton FRS was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist.
He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry,
and for his research into colors blindness, sometimes referred to as
Daltonism in his honour.

F. Chemical Atomic Theory

- Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of
particles called atoms. Atomic theory traces its origins to an ancient
philosophical tradition known as atomism.

G. Three Fundamental Laws

-

H. Joseph Gay-Lussac
- Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac was a French chemist and physicist. He is
known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts
hydrogen and one part oxygen (with Alexander von Humboldt), for
 two laws related to gases, and for his work on alcohol–water
mixtures, which led to the degrees Gay-Lussac used to measure
alcoholic beverages in many countries.

I. Amadeo Avogadro
- Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and
Cerreto was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to
molecular theory now known as Avogadro’s law, which states that
equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature
and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules.

J. Dmitri Mendeleev
- Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor. He
is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a
farsighted version of the periodic table of elements.