Graber and Wilbur's Family Medicine Examination &Board Review, 4e >Emergency Medicine

Jason K. Wilbur, Mark A. Graber, Brigit E. Ray+

TABLE 1-1TOXIDROMES

Drug Class Examples Signs and Symptoms

Tachycardia, flushing, dilated pupils, low-grade temperature, and

Tricyclics, diphenhydramine, scopolamine, loco weed (jimson
Anticholinergic confusion. Mnemonic: Dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a
weed), some mushrooms, etc.
hatter, blind as a bat

Opiates Morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, etc. Pinpoint pupils, hypotension, hypopnea, coma, hypothermia

Lacrimation, salivation, muscle weakness, diarrhea, vomiting,

miosis. Mnemonic: SLUDGE BBB (salivation, lacrimation,
Cholinergic Organophosphate or carbamate pesticides, some mushrooms
urination, diarrhea, GI upset, emesis… Bradycardia, bronchorrhea,
bronchospasm)

Tachycardia, hypertension, elevated temperature, dilated pupils

Sympathomimetic Cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamine
(mydriasis)

Alternating coma with agitation, hypopnea while comatose,

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) GHB, liquid ecstasy, etc.
bradycardia while comatose, and myoclonus

Date of download: 01/12/23 from AccessMedicine: accessmedicine.mhmedical.com, Copyright © McGraw Hill. All rights reserved.