MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN ART AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
TOPIC:ANALYSIS OF ON-SITE PRODUCTIVITY CONSTRAINTS AND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUES.
CASE STUDY (KAMPALA-RUBAGA DIVISION)
PRESENTED BY
ALINAITWE SHALIFU
REG:19/U/22191
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 PRESENTATION OUTLINE
➢Definition of terms
➢Background
➢Problem Statement
➢Main Objective
➢Specific Objectives
➢Justification of the study
➢Scope of the study
➢Methodology
➢Findings
➢Conclusion
➢Recommendations
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 BACKGROUND
➢Construction matters for the world economy but has a long record of poor productivity.
Construction-related spending accounts for 13% of the world’s GPD but the sector’s annual
productivity growth has only increased by 1% over the past 20 years(McKinsey Global
Institute,2017)
➢According to the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS ,2018) construction activities registered a
slowdown growth of 5.4 percent in 2019/2020 compared to 14.2 percent in 2018/19.
➢The bottlenecks hindering Uganda’s private sector growth include limited access and use of modern
technology; insufficient engineering manpower; negative attitude towards work leading to low
labor productivity; limited access to credit; insufficient incentives; high production costs; low
productivity; and low profitability. (Uganda Vision 2040) Improvement in the productivity of
Uganda’s construction industry is therefore of critical importance.
➢According to UNABCEC in its article” The future of construction”, its put forward that the
construction industry of Uganda has continued to face a range of constraints to productivity. it
pointed out financial constraints and other constraints as the bottlenecks to productivity. The fact
that stakeholders have limited resources to address all these constraints. This formed the basis of
this research to prioritize these constraints for stakeholders to gain n improved return on
investment. 1 3
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
➢Stakeholders in the construction industry are overwhelmed by the extent of the constraint
factors presented. Previous studies have attempted to tackle the issue of low productivity
but they only provided a list of constraint factors without some form of prioritization and
proper segregation into controllable and uncontrollable categories.
➢Therefore a crucial need for a deeper level of analysis to identify the priority factors which
the stakeholders should focus on in order to optimize use of scarce resources.
➢In doing this, the study falls back on the Pareto principle or the ‘80/20’ rule, which
assumes that 80% of the problems associated with any given phenomenon arise from 20%
of the causes.
➢The study also addressed the question on magnitude of effect of selected identified priority
factors to on-site construction productivity and the key mitigation measures for addressing
the identified key constraints

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 To identify the key constraints and establish their magnitude of effect
to on-site construction productivity in the construction industry of
Uganda.
Main
objective

To determine the frequency of occurrence of identified on-site

1 construction productivity constraints.

Research
Objectives Specific
objectives

To determine the effect of material related constraints on on-

2 site construction productivity.

3 To explore innovative ways of improving on-site construction

productivity in the industry.

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 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
➢A global review by International Labour Organization(2013) finds that increases in on-site
productivity within economic sectors are the main driver of economic growth. In particular,
growth in industry and services plays an important role in aggregate economic growth.
➢According to Mahamid et al. (2013), on-site construction productivity plays a key role in
determining the success of a project. However, it might be affected by many unexpected
variables. These variables may include factors related to labour, materials, tools and
equipment, construction methods, politics, financing, and environment (Alinaitwe et al
2007).
➢On account of the labor-intensive nature of construction operations, identifying and
addressing labour productivity limiting factors is a fundamental approach to enhancing the
productivity performance of the construction industry (Durdyev & Mbachu 2011).

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 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
➢Geographical Scope
The research was conducted within Rubaga division in Kampala district.
➢Content Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited in terms of covering all aspects of construction productivity that
ought to have been taken into consideration in order to identify overall constraints to
construction productivity and improvement techniques.
➢Time scope
This Research was conducted between the month of April 2022 and September 2022,
which approximately was five months.

➢
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 METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVE METHOD • Sites randomly selected in

the Rugaba division
Specific objective 1 Qualitative approach • 30 sites selected randomly
from 289(kCCA database)
Specific objective 2 Quantitative approach • Sample size 90
respondents(maximum of
3 per each site)
Specific objective 3 Qualitative approach

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 KEY
KEY COLLABORATIONS & PARTNERSHIPS
METHODOLOGYPARTNERSHIPS

Data analysis and results. Litrature

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Exported to Stata for 5 Data collection to Data collection from

analysis 2 respondents google form on
Analysis (process) phone.

3 Exported spread sheet to excel for

Coding data in excel 4 cleaning
ready for analysis.

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ONE

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 Demographic data
Respondents in percentages
Foreman,
19%
Site
engineer, 1-3 4-6 Above 6 Below 1 year
Safety
engineer, 39%
5%
9%
22%

Project 32%
manager,
19%
Quantity
Surveyor,
15%
Site engineer Quantity Surveyor
Project manager Safety engineer
41%

75 respondents answered the questionnaire while 15 did

not (83% return rate) 1 11
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ONE

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE TWO

Schedule (time) vs material related constraint factors

Hypothesis.
Ho-Material-related constraints do not have a significant
effect on on-site construction time productivity.

H1-Material-related constraints have a significant effect

on on-site construction schedule productivity.

P=0.0000,Adjusted R-squared=0.7916(79% variance in

dependent variable).

Ho rejected and H1 accepted.

Model Equation
𝑌 = 𝑀𝑋 + 𝐶(Where Y is the schedule, X are predictor
variables and M and C are constants).
Schedule(time)=0.814D+0.02C+0.015di+0.265Q-
1 0.126M-1.005 13
Satisfaction of work done(quality) vs material-related constraint
factors
Hypothesis.
Ho-Material-related constraints do not have a
significant effect on satisfaction of work done.

The null hypothesis (Ho) was supported hence

material related constraint factors do not have a
significant effect on satisfaction of work done
on site

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE THREE

➢ The results showed that application of

new technologies, with a frequency count
of 18 out of 61 or 30 percent, was
believed by most of the respondents to be
the most appropriate way of improving
on-site construction productivity.

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 CONCLUSION
➢Productivity is in essence the backbone that makes or breaks a company in the
construction industry, as it is the key-determining factor in performance and
success.
➢The main objectives of this study have been to identify the key constraints to on-
site productivity and to establish their effect on on-site productivity, based on
views of contractors, consultants and subcontractors
➢In total 26 constraint factors were identified in five broad categories of project
finance, Workforce, building process, materials and unforeseen events.
➢Reworks, late payments, material shortage at site, delay in delivery of materials,
failure to adopt new technologies were the most contributors to the biggest
percentage of on-site construction problems.
➢Generally material related constraints dominated the priority factors and had a
significant effect on on-site construction1 productivity. 16
 RECOMENDATIONS
➢construction projects are unique worldwide, so construction companies should focus on
sourcing the most modern suitable methods of executing construction projects to
improve their productivity on site.
➢This study mostly focused on constraints to on-site productivity during the construction
phase; however, there are several aspects to construction productivity.
➢Future studies should explore other influencing factors affecting construction
productivity at all stages of the procurement process and pre construction phase.
➢Also further studies should include opinions more from clients ,designers and suppliers

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