Name: Gavin Nyasha Mudyiwa

Student ID: 200640

Course name: Advanced Networks and Communication
Course Number: NCSC302T

Quiz 1
13 October 2022
Advanced Network Standards and Protocols NCSC302T
1. Describe with examples

Simplex (5 marks)
 Simplex is a one-way only communication standard where transmitted information
may only move in one direction. It is also known as simplex communication or
simplex transmission. Examples of simplex applications include keyboard to
computer connections, computer to printer communication, radio and television
broadcasts, and more.

Half-Duplex and (5 marks)

 Half-duplex transmission allows for communication between sender and receiver in
both directions, but only one at a time. The information can be sent and received by
both the sender and the recipient, but only one can send at once. A vehicle traveling
in the opposite direction of the flow of traffic must wait until the road is clear before
it can pass through a half-duplex, which is still regarded as a one-way road. For
example the use of walkie-talkies whereby the people on both ends can speak but not
at the same time.

Full Duplex communication. (5 marks)

 This is where by communication happens in both directions. An example would be a
conversation happening over a cellphone between two people. In other words Full-
duplex transmission mode allows for simultaneous communication between the
transmitter and the receiver. Both the sender and the receiver are capable of
simultaneous transmission and reception. Similar to a two-way street with
simultaneous traffic flow in both directions is the full-duplex transmission method.
 Name: Gavin Nyasha Mudyiwa
Student ID: 200640
Course name: Advanced Networks and Communication
Course Number: NCSC302T

2. What is a protocol in data communication ( 3 marks)

 This a set of rule that have to be followed in order for communication to happen
properly. In other words it is a collection of regulations that govern how data is sent
between various devices inside the same network. It makes it possible for connected
devices to interact with one another despite any variations in their internal workings,
organizational structures, or aesthetics.

3. Elaborate on these elements of a Protocol describing the functions of a protocol

(a) message encoding (3 marks)

 A source message from the sender is converted into signals or waves, sent through a
wired or wireless medium, received, and decoded before being forwarded to the
intended recipient. The process of converting a group of Unicode characters into a
series of bytes is known as encoding.

(b) message formatting and encapsulation (3 marks)

 Sender and receiver have agreed on a format. It contains data that enables sender and
receiver to be accurately identified. The sort of communication to be sent and the
medium used to send it will determine the message format. A process called message
encapsulation is used to transmit messages from the source to the destination by
enclosing one message inside another.

(c) message timing (3 marks)

 It oversees flow management. Response timeout for acknowledgements. This calls for
specific timing control data. It looks for any data transmission delays. It contains
regulations such as response timeout, flow control, and access manner.
 Name: Gavin Nyasha Mudyiwa
Student ID: 200640
Course name: Advanced Networks and Communication
Course Number: NCSC302T

(d) message size (3 marks)

 Here, lengthy communications must be split up into smaller chunks in order to
traverse a network or dividing a lengthy message into smaller bits before sending it
over the network. Example: SMS messages on mobile phones are limited to 160
standard alphabet characters. The capacity is limited to 70 characters since non-
alphabet characters require 16 bits of data to represent them.

(e) message delivery options (3 marks)

 There are various delivery modes, including broadcast, multicast, and unicast. One-
to-one distribution of information to a single recipient is known as unicast, which
suggests that there is just one target (single destination).

 Multicast suggests that a single sender is sending the same message to several
destinations/recipients at the same time when communicating with a group of people
(more than one person).

 There are occasions when it's necessary to tell everyone nearby. The terms "one-to-
all" and "broadcast" both imply that a single sender distributes a message to every
connected recipient.

4. Draw Unicast (5 marks) Multicast (5 marks) and Broadcast (5 marks) message

delivery process. (15 marks)

Unicast:

Network A

Network B
 Name: Gavin Nyasha Mudyiwa
Student ID: 200640
Course name: Advanced Networks and Communication
Course Number: NCSC302T

Broadcast:

Computer Computer C Computer Computer

B D E

Direction of flow of data

Computer A
 Name: Gavin Nyasha Mudyiwa
Student ID: 200640
Course name: Advanced Networks and Communication
Course Number: NCSC302T

Multicast:

Computer Computer C Computer Computer

B D E

Computer A