Page 1 of 5 TYPES OF REALISTIC THINKING ( REASONING AND DECISION MAKING)

PSY (302) –INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

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REASONING
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EXPLANATION

As Sherman defined, “reasoning is a process of thinking

during which the individual is aware of a problem
identifies, evaluates, and decides upon a solution”.

advertisements: Reasoning is used not only when we want to solve an immediate

problem but also when we anticipate future problems.

The capacity given by humans to machines to memorize and learn from experience, to think and
create, to speak, to judge and make decisions.

TYPES OF REASONING

There are two types of reasoning

1: Deductive reasoning

2: inductive reasoning

1: INDUCTIVE REASONING:

Inductive reasoning is a method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the
general. It's usually contrasted with deductive reasoning, where you go from general information
to specific conclusions. Inductive reasoning is also called inductive logic or bottom-up
reasoning.
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2: DEDUCTIVE REASONING:

Deductive reasoning is sometimes referred to as top-down logic. Deductive reasoning relies on

making logical premises and basing a conclusion around those premises. It does not rely on
making inferences, then assuming those inferences to be true.

Example:

Deductive reasoning is a type of deduction used in science and in life. It is when you take two
true statements, or premises, to form a conclusion. For example, A is equal to B. B is also equal
to C. Given those two statements, you can conclude A is equal to C using deductive reasoning.

DECISIONS MAKING

In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision

making and decision making) is regarded as the cognitive
process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of
action among several possible alternative options. It could
be either rational or irrational.

“Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision,

gathering, information, and assessing alternative resolution.”

TYPES OF DISICION MAKING: There are so many types in decision

making but we same important types only:

➢ strategic.
➢ Tactical
➢ operational.
LET DISSCUSSES THEM

„strategic‟ type of decision making:

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When making a decision in such a situation, people tend to

employ two different decision-making strategies: the
availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic.

„tactical‟ types of decision making:

Tactical decisions are decisions and plans that concern the

more detailed implementation of the directors' general
strategy, usually with a medium-term impact on a
company. Tactical points requiring decisions include, but
are not limited to: Size and structure of a work force. Sales
and marketing strategy.

„Operational‟ types of decision making:

Operational decisions are made to execute the short-term

processes with the aim of achieving the long- and
mediumterm goals that the strategic and tactical level
decisions have adopted.

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REFERENCES

Rakhshanda shahnaz (2010),An approach to psychology published by , ch. Ahmad naji

https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/thinking/reasoning-meaning-definition-and-types/2060

https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/thinking/thinking-nature-tools-and-

processeshttps://www.psychologydiscussion.net/thinking/thinking-nature-tools-and-

processes-psychology/1661psychology/1661 kiff, D. j. (february 24,2010). edit this

page mode. ref tag. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept

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