MV switchgear for mining applications

ANSI/NEMA vs IEC- What are the differences ?

Juan Tobias
April 2020
Schneider Electric Mining EPC Academy
Global Webinar Program

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

 Agenda
1. Introduction and objectives of the webinar
5 min
2. IEC vs North American standards overview
3. MV Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) characteristics
4. MV Shielded MV switchgear (GIS & SSIS) characteristics
5. MV switchgear for Main Switchboard application
40 min
6. MV switchgear for Secondary Distribution application
7. MV switchgear for Motor Control Center application
8. Conclusions
9. Questions and answers session

15 min

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 Schneider Electric Mining Power System Competency Center
• Expert team dedicated to Mine Electrical Systems design and optimization
Jean-Marc Lupin
➢ HV/MV/LV Architectures, Power Generation integration Power System
Technical leader
Delcho Penkov
➢ Power Transformers, Distribution Transformers, Motor Malik Megdiche
Managemen
➢ MV Switchgear, LV MCCs Eric
Power system
expert
Delaunay
➢ Motor feeders optimisation (MCC, VSD, motor.) Team
Leader
Juan Tobias
➢ Electrical Network Automation Systems
Switchgear & Pool of
Protection equipment
➢ Design and integration in E-House experts
Avelino Olivera
• Mission Power system
expert
• Support customers and SE Project Tendering & Execution from basic design to commissioning

• Build comparative solution scenarios completed by technical and economical studies.

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 Mining Power System Optimization Process

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Typical Mining Power Systems Architecture
Utility Network (66 KV – 138 KV)
KWh KWh
5 MW 5 MW
G G
40 MVA 40 MVA 1
13.8 kV, 2500 A, 25 KA Mining power system main
Main switchboard
MV switchgear applications
1- Main switchboard
Secondary switchboards
VSD 2- Secondary switchboard
M 2 2 2 3- MV Motor Control Center
10 MW
10 MVA

MV MCC 2 MVA 2 MVA

3 kV - 7 kV
LV MCC LV MCC
3 690V- 400V 690V- 400V

RVSS VSD VSD VSD

M M M M M M M M M M M M
 Standards and habits in mining countries
• Global market for electrical equipment is based on two standards :
➢ ANSI/NEMA/IEEE/UL standards apply in USA & Canada
➢ IEC is used in the rest of the World
• IEC standards are applicable in South America but mining industry
in Chile, Peru and Ecuador use ANSI/NEMA standards
• Mining companies willing to optimize cost of mining power systems
in S. America need to understand ANSI/NEMA and IEC standards

ANSI/NEMA/UL IEC
Common clauses C 37.100 62271-1
MV Circuit breakers C 37. 04 62271-100
MV Motor Control NEMA ICS 3/ UL 347
MV switchgear cubicles C 37.20.2 for metal-clad 62271-200
C 37.20.3 for metal-enclosed
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 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• Founded in 1906 in Geneva (Switzerland) with the mission to
create standards on electrotechnology (generation,
transmission and distribution)
• Each member country has a National Committee (NC) formed
by experts from utilities, industrial end users, consultants,
equipment, manufacturers, universties and governemnent
• Each NC will send expert representatives to working groups
that draft new global standards or amend existing ones
• IEC standards have to be approved by each National
Committee and then oficially adopted in the country
• The USA and Canada are part of the IEC but they do not
adopt all the standards (e.g. MV and LV switchgear)
Member Associate Affiliate

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 Standardisation Bodies in USA
• US standards are legal documents covering design,
Installation construction, and certification of electrical equipment to ensure
Code NEC people safety according to theNational Electrical Code (NEC)
• US standards are written by three different bodies :
– Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE): experts from
end-users, consultants, manufacturers and universities
– National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA): experts
from equipment manufactures members of the association dealing
mainly with MV & LV MCC , enclosures and wiring
– Underwriters Laboratories (UL): writes standards for equipment
testing, provides third party certification, issues list of approved
products and follows up manufacturing to ensure compliance
– American National Standard Institute (ANSI): accepts proposals
from IEEE, NEMA and UL to be adopted as national standard and
represents the USA in the IEC
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 IEC and ANSI use different symbols for single line diagram
IEC ANSI
MV Draw-out
circuit breaker • Single line diagrams (SLDs) is the universal
way to describe an electrical network
MV Fuse- • Mining companies in Mexico, Brazil, Chile,
contactor Peru and Ecuador use SLDs with ANSI
symbols even if offical standard is IEC
MV
Fuse-switch

Power
Transformer

LV Air Circuit
Breaker

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 IEC 62271 and ANSI C.37/IEEE standard ratings
Both standards have a series of rated voltages that define values for 1 min power frequency
(PF) and 1.2/50 µs Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage (LIWV) valid up to 1,000 m altitude
– ANSI C.37/IEEE is valid for 60 Hz PF and refers to Basic Insulation Level (BIL) instead of LIVW
– IEC 62271 is valid for 50/60 Hz and has wider range of rated voltages than ANSI C.37
IEC 62271 standard ANSI C37 /IEEE standard
Un PF 1 min LIWV Un 60 Hz 1 min BIL
3.6 kV 10 kV 40 kV
7.2 kV 20 kV 60 kV 2.4 KV 15 KV 45 KV
12 kV 28 kV 75 kV 4.76 kV 19kV 60 kV
17.5 kV 38 kV 95 kV 15 kV 36 kV 95 kV
24 kV 50 kV 125 kV 27 kV 60 kV 125 kV
36 kV 70 kV 170 kV 38 kV 80 kV 150 kV
BIL/Un ratio decreases as Un increases because the impact of surges is reduced
Nominal rated current (In) is defined for maximum allowed temperature rise (Δθ) at 40 °C ambient
IEC 62271 200 A 400 A 630 A 1250 A 1600 A 2000 A 2500 A 3150 A 4000 A
ANSI C37 600 A (metal enclosed) 1200 A 2000 A 3000 A 4000 A

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IEC 62271-200 defines MV cubicle specification

Applicable to AIS and GIS with rated voltage 1 kV < Un < 52 kV since 2003
Defines the factory built metallic enclosure
• Segregation between different compartments
• Types of operator accesibility
• Types of partitions to be used
• Operator safety requirements
• External influences
• Loss of Service Continuity (LSC) during maintenace operations

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IEC 62271-200 Loss of Service Continuity and partition types

Access to compartments Impact on continuity of supply

LSC1 Whole switchboard must be de-energized
LSC2A Other functional units can remain energized
LSC2
LSC2B Other functional units & cables can remain energized

Barrier between live part and Characteristic

opened accesible compartment
PM Earthed metallic partition or automatic shutter
PI Insulating material barriers

IEC 62271-200 allows fixed or withdrawable circuit breakers

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MV switchgear architectures compliant with IEC 62271-200

Busbar Busbar Busbar

CB
CB CB

Cable
Cable Cable

LSC 1 LSC 2A LSC 2B

IEC MV switchgear has integral earthing switch, cable testing and internal
arc resistance as standard. Operators rely on indirect contact position
indicators and voltage presence indicators (VPIS)
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MV switchgear architectures compliant with ANSI C37. 20

Busbar

Circuit
Breake
r

Cable

Metal-enclosed Metal-clad

ANSI MV switchgear uses external earthing and cable testing device.

Operators rely on visible isolation gap. Internal arc resistance is optional

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IEC 62271 and ANSI C37 define similar internal arc tests
In case of an electric arc in the MV switchgear, the energy released must be
directed away from the operator to enhance people’s safety
IEC 62271 Internal Arc Classified (IAC) MV switchgear, mandatory since
early 2000’s, must be proven by test according to these parameters :
• Arcing current Isc (kA) and arcing time 0.1 s, 0.5 s or 1 s (preferred value)
• Accesibility type: (F= Front, L= Lateral, R = Rear) including the personnel to
IAC A-FLR with exhaust
be protected (A= authorised operator and B= general public)
ANSI C37.20 introduced Arc Resistant (AR) MV switchgear as optional in
the late 2000’s and defines two levels of operator protection
• Type 1 : at the front of the panel only
• Type 2 : all switchboard sides
ANSI MV panels AR version are larger, heavier and more expensive than
Non-AR panels due to re-inforced metal structure
All IEC MV panels include IAC as standard, mostly A-FLR with 1s arcing time
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US habits are not ANSI requirements but hard to change
US and Canada IEC Countries
• Unarmoured cables in metal conduits • Steel armoured cables cables
laid in shallow trenches laid in> 1 m deep trenches

• Operator safety is assured by viewing • Use interlocked earthing switch

windows and manual earthing to access the compartment

• MV AIS with bar primary CTs (5 A • MV AIS with bar primary, wound
secondary only) with front access primary (1 A or 5 A secondary) or
LPCT with rear access

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 Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) insulation withstand

AIS dielectric performance depends on : electric

field in
• Electric field => voltage and conductor shapes
ambient air
• Ambient air density (altitude) and humidity
• Degree of polution on insulator surface
solid
Two types of air insulation failures can occurr : insulation
1. Flashover in air gap between two conductors, surface
determines clearance => impulse voltage
2. Discharge on insulator surface
creepage distance => PF voltage + insulator
surfece condition

Clearance Creepage distance

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Benefits of earth shielded insulation system
MV switchgear with conductors shielded by an earthed screen are not
influenced by ambient air conditions . Two different technologies exist : Earth
• Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) : live parts are placed in a sealed screen
metal enclosure filled with high dielectric strenght gas (e.g. SF6)
• Screened Solid Insulation (SSIS) : live parts are cast in solid insulation
(e.g. rubber or epoxy) with conductive surface (e.g.metallic paint)
No electric
Screened connectors and VTs ensure continuity of the earth screen field in
ambient air
The benefits of GIS and SSIS with respect to AIS are :
▪ Smaller MV switchboard footprint enables E-House cost reduction
▪ Dielectric perfomance unaffected by atmospheric air condition (dust ,
humidity, pollution, density)
▪ No need for insulation derating for use at altitude > 1000 m

Screened connector and VT

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Typical IEC AIS LSC2B-PM panel - MCset

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 Typical IEC AIS LSC2B-PM panel - F400

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Typical ANSI AIS Metal Clad panel- Masterclad

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Typical ANSI Metal Enclosed panel- HVLcb

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Comparison of IEC vs ANSI MV AIS panel characterisitics
IEC switchgear standard is based on equipment performace only
• Designers have freedom to choose materials and MV cubicle
architectures (e.g. use of fixed or withdrawable circuit breakers)
ANSI/IEEE standard dictates many MV switchgear design parameters
• Cubicle dimensions in inches and feet
• Minimum steel thickness 11 gauge (3 mm)
• MV cable compartment at the rear
• Size and type of wires for LV control circuits
• Insulation materials from UL approved list only
• Insulated busbars located in the middle of the panel IEC LSC2A-Fixed or draw-out CB
• Metal barriers between cubicles busbar compartments
• Silver plating of contacts

ANSI MV AIS cubicles are larger, heavier and more expensive than
equivalent IEC designs for the same electrical rating with a lower level
of operator safety (e.g. integral earthing, interlocks, VPIS, IAC, etc)

ANSI metalclad single tier cubicles have larger dimensions than IEC .
Double tier cubicles reduce total switchboard footprint for low ratings
ANSI metalclad 1 & 2 tier draw-out CB

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Typical MV GIS LSC2B-PM panel - GHA

SF6

SF6
IE
D

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Typical MV GIS LSC2B-PM panel- CBGS-0

SF6

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Typical IEC SSIS LSC2B-PM panel - Premset

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Typical IEC AIS LSC2A-PI range of panels - SM6

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Typical IEC GIS LSC2B-PM range of panels- DVCAS

SF6
SF6

IED

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Typical MV GIS LSC2A-PM multifunction panel- RM6

SF6

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Schneider Electric MV GIS & SSIS offer –ANSI/UL standard
Meet ANSI C37.20.3 MV metal
enclosed switchgear standard
UL tested and certified available
in US and Canada
• GHA : 38 KV, 2500 A, 40 KA
• CBGS-0 :38 KV-1600A, 31.5 KA
• DVCAS :38 KV, 630 A, 25 KA
• Premset :15 KV, 1200 A, 25 KA
GHA CBGS-0 DVCAS Premset
Schneider Electric US R&D adapted IEC GIS and SSIS panels to meet ANSI C.37.20.3
• Addition of « viewing windows » for operators to see disconnector contact position
• Removal of integral earthng switches
• Modification of the operator interface to meet UL and NEC labelling requirement
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MV MCC – IEC standard common practices
11 kV/ 6.6 KV 11 kV/ 6.6 KV
< 10 MVA < 10 MVA MV switchgear : IEC Standard 62271
Variable Speed Drive : IEC 61800
Switchgear type: Air Insulated LSC2-PM
Rated Voltage: 3.3 KV or 6.6 KV
7.2 kV, 1250 A, 25 KA
Busbar : 1250A, 25 KA
Incomers and bus section : Withdrawable
vacuum circuit breaker with integral earth
Motor feeders : Withdrawable fused
M RVAT M M RVSS M VSD M vacuum contactor with integral earth
•Direct on line start (DOL)
•Reduced Voltage Soft Start (RVSS)
•Reduced Voltage Autotransformer (RVAT)
•Variable Speed Drive (VSD)
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MV MCC – ANSI/NEMA/UL standard common practices
27 KV/4.15 KV 27 KV/4.15 KV
15 MVA
MV Voltage: 2.4 KV or 4.16 KV
15 MVA
Main MV Switchboard :
IED
IED
MV Switchgear • 2 Incomers and bus section N/C
ANSI 37.20.2
4.16 kV, 2500 A, 40 KA • Metalclad drawout VCBs
• Busbar : 2000 A, 40 KA

IE D IE D IED • Standard: ANSI 37.20.2, UL 1505

IE D

MV MCC Switchboard :
4.16 kV, 1200 A, 40 KA
• Direct cable incomer
MV VFD • Metal enclosed drawout fused
UL 347A vacuum contactor, double tier
IED IED IED IED IED IED • Busbar : 1200 A, 31.5- 40 KA
MV MCC
NEMA ICS3 M M M M M M • Standard: NEMA ICS3, UL 347
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NEMA standard motor feeders : FVNR,
 Typical IEC AIS 7.2 kV motor feeder LSC2A-PI- Motorpact

Withdrawable contactor Direct On Line starter Withdrawable contactor Reduced Voltage Soft Starter

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Typical ANSI MV fused-contactor motor feeder- Motorpact

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Conclusions
• ANSI/NEMA and IEC standards have very different philosophies and history
➢ IEC is gives freedom to designers to choose materials in order to achieve a given performace
➢ ANSI/NEMA is very prescriptive (designers have to follow strict rules including materials)
• Equipment compliant with ANSI/NEMA standards is larger, heavier and more expensive than
IEC designs for equivalent nominal ratings
• US and Canadian customers have no choice but to use ANSI/NEMA/UL equipment in order
to comply with the National Electric Code (NEC)
• Mining customers in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Mexico that have traditionally specified
ANSI/NEMA standard MV AIS could achieve significant benefits by adopting IEC equipment
1. Lower MV switchgear cost and greater choice of equipment technology (AIS, GIS and SSIS)
2. Significant savings in E-House cost due to lower footprint and weight of equipment
3. Higher operator safety due to integral cable earthing, interlocks and internal arc resistance

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